Multi-Agent System Optimization

Overview

Multi-agent system optimization studies how to organize, train, and coordinate multiple agents so they solve tasks more effectively than they would alone. Common approaches optimize workflows and communication topologies, route tasks to suitable agents, refine prompts, or use reinforcement learning, evolutionary search, and game-theoretic methods to improve behavior and coordination. Work spans language-model agent teams, multi-agent reinforcement learning, robotics, scheduling, and distributed resource allocation, with evaluation on reasoning and coding benchmarks as well as simulations and deployed systems. A central challenge is balancing accuracy and robust coordination against token, compute, communication, and latency costs, while ensuring gains generalize beyond particular models, tasks, and evaluation setups.

Latest papers

CardsList

161 papers16 papers in the last four weeks, up 45% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. CEPO: A General Framework for Improving Prompt Optimization in Multi-Agent Systems

    Oct 26, 2026Jongha Kim, Seohyun Lee, Jonathan Minho Chung +2Prompt OptimizationMulti-Agent System Optimization

  2. Not Every Agent Needs the Strongest Model: Unified Prompt-Model Optimization for Heterogeneous LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems

    Oct 22, 2026Mingxiu Cai, Haoyang Xian, Xinyu Ma +4Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

  3. ADAPT for Science: A Multi-Agent System for Self-Evolving Scientific Optimization

    Oct 22, 2026Zhaoran Feng, Yuchen Ni, Jianan Liu +3AI for ScienceSelf-Evolving Agents

  4. Parallel AI Agent Collaboration as Graph-Structured Distributed Block Optimization

    Oct 21, 2026Hanmin Li, Yury Demidovich, Peter RichtárikMulti-Agent CollaborationMulti-Agent System Optimization

  5. Design and Tuning of Multi-Agent Systems Using Bayesian Evolutionary Optimization

    Oct 21, 2026Dominik Jehle, Tom ZehleMulti-Agent System OptimizationMulti-Agent Systems

  6. Automated Multi-Agent Organization Design: From Architecture Search to Organizational Learning

    Oct 20, 2026Shao-Jun Xia, Yuner Zhang, Huixin Zhang +3Multi-Agent SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

  7. PACT: Plan-Augmented Coordination via Trace-Graphs for Dynamic Multi-Agent Combinatorial Optimization

    Oct 19, 2026Xiao Zhou, Alex Schutz, Victor-Alexandru Darvariu +1Multi-Agent System OptimizationMulti-Agent Coordination

  8. SwarmRSI: Recursive Self-Improvement through Evolving Scientific Agent Swarm

    Oct 14, 2026Qianru Meng, Xi Zhang, Konstantinos Papakostas +9AI Agents for Scientific DiscoveryRecursive Self-Improvement

  9. AdCoEvo: A Co-Evolving Multi-Agent Advertising Delivery System

    Oct 14, 2026Tianzhu Hu, Hang Yu, Zeyuan Zhao +9Online AdvertisingSelf-Evolving Agents

  10. Token-Efficient Multi-Agent Collaboration via System One-Guided Computational Division of Labor

    Oct 6, 2026Zihan Zhou, Xinzhe Hu, Hanxu Yang +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

  11. OOPMAS: Object-Oriented Multi-Agent Systems for Query-Level Workflow Generation

    Oct 6, 2026Qi Cheng, Shengyu Chen, Wei Cheng +4Multi-Agent SystemsMulti-Agent Orchestration

  12. Parallelism or Concession? Concurrency-Aware Procurement Negotiation for Agentic Commerce

    Oct 5, 2026Xiaolin Xu, Donghao ZhuMulti-Agent System OptimizationAutomated Negotiation

  13. Inherit-MAS: Test-Time Evolution of Multi-Agent Systems through Workflow and Execution Inheritance

    Oct 1, 2026Songtao Wei, Yi Li, Zhichun Guo +1LLM AgentsMulti-Agent Systems

  14. Multi-agent Auditory Scene Analysis: Improved Localization Speed and Robustness by Multi-beamformed Speech Quality Feedback

    Sep 30, 2026Caleb RasconMulti-Agent System OptimizationDirection-of-Arrival Estimation

  15. Topological Coherence for Self-evolving Multi-agent Systems

    Sep 29, 2026Sen Zhao, Ruiqi Kong, Zuyu Zhang +4Multi-Agent System OptimizationMulti-Agent Coordination

  16. FlowMAS: Learning Multi-Agent Workflow Topology via Information-guided Generative Flow Network

    Sep 29, 2026Haitao Wang, Chenjing Liang, Haipeng Zhang +6Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

  17. Multi-Agent System Search via Active Substructure-aware Policy Optimization

    Sep 26, 2026Beicheng Xu, Bowen Fan, Weitong Qian +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

  18. Mo' Models, Mo' Problems: How to best select model pools when designing Multi-Agent Systems

    Sep 15, 2026Sara Vera Marjanović, Jiacheng Xu, Aleksandr Laptev +3Model SelectionMulti-Agent LLM Systems

  19. UnitBoost: Managing Compound LLM Systems with a Merge Operator, Not a Model

    Sep 9, 2026Xing Zhang, Guanghui Wang, Yanwei Cui +2Multi-Agent System OptimizationLLM Agent Orchestration

  20. GoAnt: Quality-Diversity Multi-Agent Search for Alpha Factor Discovery in Market Microstructure Data

    Sep 8, 2026Stella Zhao, Tommy ShaMulti-Agent System OptimizationQuantitative Finance

  21. AgentGrad: Intervention-guided Prompt Optimization for Multi Agent Systems

    Sep 8, 2026Jaewon Chu, Jinwoo Seo, Jaewon Cho +4Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

  22. Reachability-Certified Subteam Decomposition for Locally Interacting Multi-Agent MDPs

    Sep 8, 2026Xiangwu Wang, Chengwei Cao, Hongyuan TangMulti-Agent System OptimizationMulti-Agent Coordination

  23. Riemannian Optimization for Multi-Player Quantum Games on Product Unitary Manifolds

    Sep 7, 2026Alireza Habibi, Setareh MaghsudiMulti-Agent System OptimizationRiemannian Optimization

  24. Rethinking the Evaluation of Efficiency Methods for Multi-Agent Systems

    Sep 5, 2026Jiamu Zhang, Lingxi Zhang, Pengjun Lu +6Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

  25. Reinforcement Learning Enhanced LLM Agents for Complex Vehicle Routing Problems

    Sep 1, 2026Yi Chen, Zikang Yu, Jiahai Wang +3Multi-Agent System OptimizationLLM-Guided RL

  26. OptiMAS: Automatically Optimize Multi-Agent System

    Aug 22, 2026Yuxin Cheng, Chang Liu, Hanxin Yu +9Multi-Agent System OptimizationMulti-Agent LLM Systems