Image Segmentation

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Overview

Image segmentation assigns each pixel or voxel to a meaningful region, object, or structure, enabling tasks such as measuring anatomy, mapping land, and understanding scenes. Methods range from thresholding and variational contours to U-Net-style networks, transformers, and foundation models such as SAM, often guided by text, points, boxes, or reference images. Current work also explores learning from sparse labels, synthetic data, multiple modalities, and video, with benchmarks spanning medical scans, natural images, remote sensing, and microscopy. A central challenge is balancing accurate boundaries and topology with reliable performance on new domains, limited annotations, uncertainty, and practical limits on speed and memory.

Latest papers

CardsList

401 papers24 papers in the last four weeks, up 9% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Synergistic Perception and Generative Recomposition: A Multi-Agent Orchestration for Expert-Level Building Inspection

    Mar 20, 2026Hui Zhong, Yichun Gao, Luyan Liu +4Image SegmentationSynthetic Data Augmentation

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Systems Hub, China · Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Integrated Communication, Sensing and Computation for Ubiquitous Internet of Things, Guangdong, China · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hongkong +1

  2. Rethinking MLLM Itself as a Segmenter with a Single Segmentation Token

    Mar 19, 2026Anqi Zhang, Xiaokang Ji, Guangyu Gao +3Image SegmentationSemantic Segmentation

    Beijing Institute of Technology · University of Birmingham · Beijing Jiaotong University +1

  3. Ca2+ transient detection and segmentation with the Astronomically motivated algorithm for Background Estimation And Transient Segmentation (Astro-BEATS)

    Mar 19, 2026Bolin Fan, Anthony Bilodeau, Frederic Beaupre +4Microscopy Image AnalysisImage Segmentation

    Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada · David A. Dunlap Department for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada · CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada +4

  4. LoGSAM: Parameter-Efficient Cross-Modal Grounding for MRI Segmentation

    Mar 18, 2026Mohammad Robaitul Islam Bhuiyan, Sheethal Bhat, Melika Qahqaie +4Image SegmentationMedical Imaging Foundation Models

    Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany · Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany

  5. TCATSeg: A Tooth Center-Wise Attention Network for 3D Dental Model Semantic Segmentation

    Mar 17, 2026Qiang He, Wentian Qu, Jiajia Dai +93D Semantic Segmentation3D Point Cloud Segmentation

    Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University +2

  6. LenghuSky-8: An 8-Year All-Sky Cloud Dataset with Star-Aware Masks and Alt-Az Calibration for Segmentation and Nowcasting

    Mar 17, 2026Yicheng Rui, Xiao-Wei Duan, Licai Deng +9Image SegmentationRemote Sensing

    State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201210, China · National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China · School of Computer Technology and Application, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

  7. Topology-Preserving Polygon Augmentation for Segmentation in Structured Visual Domains

    Mar 16, 2026Sudip Laudari, Sang Hun BaekData AugmentationImage Segmentation

    Independent Researcher

  8. Personalized Cell Segmentation: Benchmark and Framework for Reference-Guided Cell Type Segmentation

    Mar 15, 2026Bisheng Wang, Jaime S. Cardoso, Lin WuImage Segmentation

    INESC TEC, Portugal · INESC TEC, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal · James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

  9. Multi-Period Texture Contrast Enhancement for Low-Contrast Wafer Defect Detection and Segmentation

    Mar 15, 2026Zihan ZhangImage SegmentationIndustrial Anomaly Detection

    Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for MEMS Manufacturing and Applications, School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

  10. DualSwinFusionSeg: Multimodal Martian Landslide Segmentation via Dual Swin Transformer with Multi-Scale Fusion and UNet++

    Mar 14, 2026Shahriar Kabir, Abdullah Muhammed Amimul Ehsan, Istiak Ahmmed Rifti +1Multimodal Semantic SegmentationImage Segmentation

    Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh · University of California, Riverside, USA

  11. USIS-PGM: Photometric Gaussian Mixtures for Underwater Salient Instance Segmentation

    Mar 14, 2026Lin Hong, Xiangtong Yao, Mürüvvet Bozkurt +2Image SegmentationInstance Segmentation

    Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China · School of CIT, Chair i6, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · School of CIT, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany +1

  12. Efficient Semi-Automated Material Microstructure Analysis Using Deep Learning: A Case Study in Additive Manufacturing

    Mar 14, 2026Sanjeev S. Navaratna, Nikhil Thawari, Gunashekhar Mari +3Interactive Image SegmentationImage Segmentation

    Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India · Center for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India

  13. GP-VM×\timesSMA: Benchmarking General-Purpose Vision Models and Specialized Architectures for 2D Medical Image Segmentation

    Mar 13, 2026Vanessa Borst, Anna Riedmann, Samuel KounevImage SegmentationVision Foundation Models

    Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany

  14. HFP-SAM: Hierarchical Frequency Prompted SAM for Efficient Marine Animal Segmentation

    Mar 13, 2026Pingping Zhang, Tianyu Yan, Yuhao Wang +7Image SegmentationPromptable Image Segmentation

    School of Future Technology, Dalian University of Technology. · Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology. · Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University. +1

  15. Bi-CamoDiffusion: A Boundary-informed Diffusion Approach for Camouflaged Object Detection

    Mar 9, 2026Patricia L. Suarez, Leo Thomas Ramos, Angel D. SappaCamouflaged Object DetectionImage Segmentation

    ESPOL Polytechnic University · Computer Vision Center · Universitat Aut`onoma de Barcelona

  16. RPG-SAM: Reliability-Weighted Prototypes and Geometric Adaptive Threshold Selection for Training-Free One-Shot Polyp Segmentation

    Mar 8, 2026Weikun Lin, Yunhao Bai, Yan WangImage SegmentationPolyp Segmentation

    Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University

  17. StructSAM: Structure- and Spectrum-Preserving Token Merging for Segment Anything Models

    Mar 7, 2026Duy M. H. Nguyen, Tuan A. Tran, Duong Nguyen +17Token MergingImage Segmentation

    University of Stuttgart · DFKI · Max Planck Research School +10

  18. MultiSolSegment: Multi-channel segmentation of overlapping features in electroluminescence images of photovoltaic cells

    Mar 6, 2026Ojas Sanghi, Norman Jost, Benjamin G. Pierce +3Image SegmentationFault Detection

    Sandia National Laboratories · Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87123, USA · Case Western Reserve University +3

  19. Generalizable Multiscale Segmentation of Heterogeneous Map Collections

    Mar 5, 2026Remi PetitpierreSemantic SegmentationImage Segmentation

    EPFL, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. Digital Humanities Laboratory (DHLAB), School of Computer and Communication Sciences (IC). CM 1 468, Station 10, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. · EPFL. Laboratory of Urban Sociology (LASUR), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC).

  20. LAW & ORDER: Adaptive Spatial Weighting for Medical Diffusion and Segmentation

    Mar 5, 2026Anugunj Naman, Ayushman Singh, Gaibo Zhang +1Image SegmentationHealthcare

    Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA · Sesame AI, New York, USA · Department of Computer Science Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA +1

  21. WSI-INR: Implicit Neural Representations for Lesion Segmentation in Whole-Slide Images

    Mar 4, 2026Yunheng Wu, Wenqi Huang, Liangyi Wang +4Image SegmentationHistopathology Image Segmentation

    Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan · Chair for AI in Healthcare and Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany · School of Computation and Information Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany +4

  22. Polyp Segmentation Using Wavelet-Based Cross-Band Integration for Enhanced Boundary Representation

    Mar 4, 2026Haesung Oh, Jaesung LeeImage SegmentationPolyp Segmentation

    Department of Artificial Intelligence, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea

  23. Adaptive Bidirectional Task Interaction for Joint Segmentation and Classification of Breast Ultrasound

    Mar 1, 2026Abdullah Al Shafi, Md Kawsar Mahmud Khan Zunayed, Safin Ahmmed +2Ultrasound Image SegmentationImage Segmentation

    Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh · University Clermont Auvergne, France

  24. Vision-Language Feature Alignment for Road Anomaly Segmentation

    Mar 1, 2026Zhuolin He, Jiacheng Tang, Jian Pu +1Image SegmentationAutonomous Driving Perception

    School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China · Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China

  25. Zero-Shot and Supervised Bird Image Segmentation Using Foundation Models: A Dual-Pipeline Approach with Grounding DINO1.5, YOLOv11, and SAM2.1

    Feb 26, 2026Abhinav MunagalaZero-Shot Referring Image SegmentationImage Segmentation

  26. A Boundary-Metric Evaluation Protocol for Whiteboard Stroke Segmentation Under Extreme Imbalance

    Feb 26, 2026Nicholas KorcynskiImage SegmentationThin-Structure Segmentation

    Rowan University USA

  27. Leveraging GenAI for Segmenting and Labeling Centuries-old Technical Documents

    Feb 24, 2026Carlos Monroy, Benjamin NavarroHistorical Document ProcessingDocument Image Understanding

    Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of St. Thomas, Houston, Texas

  28. Region of Interest Segmentation and Morphological Analysis for Membranes in Cryo-Electron Tomography

    Feb 24, 2026Xingyi Cheng, Julien Maufront, Aurélie Di Cicco +3Image SegmentationElectron Microscopy

    Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France · Inria Center at University of Rennes, SAIRPICO team, Rennes, France · Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Universiteit Leiden, the Netherlands

  29. Onboard-Targeted Segmentation of Straylight in Space Camera Sensors

    Feb 24, 2026Riccardo Gallon, Fabian Schiemenz, Alessandra Menicucci +1Efficient Semantic SegmentationImage Segmentation

    Department of Space Systems Engineering, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Kluyverweg 1, HS Delft, 2629, Netherlands · Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Claude-Dornier Straße, Immenstaad am Bodensee, 88090, Germany

  30. CAD-Prompted SAM3: Geometry-Conditioned Instance Segmentation for Industrial Objects

    Feb 24, 2026Zhenran Tang, Rohan Nagabhirava, Changliu LiuImage SegmentationInstance Segmentation

    the Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA