Incomplete Data Imputation

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Overview

Incomplete data imputation studies how to recover values that were not recorded, so datasets can support analysis, prediction, and decision-making without treating guesses as facts. Approaches range from multiple imputation by chained equations and low-rank matrix completion to graph and time-series models, variational autoencoders, diffusion models, and flow matching. A central challenge is that missingness may depend on the unseen value itself (MNAR), so methods increasingly model the missingness process and report uncertainty, not just a single estimate. No method works best everywhere, and low reconstruction error does not always translate into reliable downstream conclusions, especially when missingness patterns change between training and deployment.

Latest papers

CardsList

74 papers10 papers in the last four weeks, up 150% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. CTRL-FM: Inference-Time Structural Control for Flow-Based Virtual Sensing under Long-Horizon Node Outages

    Oct 21, 2026Boshra Khalili, Andrew SmythIncomplete Data ImputationLearning with Missing Data

    Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Columbia University New York, NY 10027, USA

  2. Alert-List Concordance for Evaluating Imputation Strategies in ICU Sepsis Prediction

    Oct 15, 2026Priyanka Siddappa, Muntaqim Ahmed Raju, Shifat Haider Al Amin +1Incomplete Data ImputationClinical Risk Prediction

    Miner School of Computer & Information Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA

  3. When Does Task-Aware Imputation Matter? An Analysis of Robustness Under Train-Test Mismatch

    Oct 14, 2026Maria V. Salvador, Ana F. Sequeira, Jaime S. CardosoIncomplete Data ImputationLearning with Missing Data

    INESC TEC University of Porto

  4. When Missingness Follows the Graph: Beyond Feature Propagation for Missing Features

    Oct 13, 2026Enrico Chialà, Francesco Ferrini, Antonio Longa +4Learning with Missing DataGraph Neural Networks

    University of Trento · Fondazione Bruno Kessler · UiT, The Arctic University of Norway +1

  5. TabMosaic: Unified In-Context Diffusion for Tabular Generative Tasks

    Oct 11, 2026Jayoung Kim, Sanghyun Hong, Noseong ParkSynthetic Tabular Data GenerationTabular Diffusion Models

    KAIST · Oregon State University

  6. MoMaTune: Model, Match, Then Tune Language Models for Numerical Records

    Oct 11, 2026Weimin Lyu, Jingfen Zhang, Lingdao Sha +4LLM Post-TrainingIncomplete Data Imputation

    Amazon

  7. MatrixFormer: A Foundation Model for Matrix Completion

    Oct 5, 2026Dwaipayan Saha, Jacob Feitelberg, Kyuseong Choi +2Incomplete Data ImputationTransformer

    Cornell Tech

  8. Learning Field Reconstruction from Incomplete Data by Globally Correcting Local Estimates

    Oct 4, 2026Renhao Zhong, Zihan Zhou, Chiyuan Ma +1Incomplete Data ImputationLearning with Missing Data

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

  9. Integrated Imputation-Classification for Supervised Learning with Missing Data

    Oct 3, 2026Yue Liu, Ben Liang, Ali Tizghadam +1Learning with Missing DataSupervised Learning

    University of Toronto · TELUS

  10. Hybrid Methods for Robust Tabular Data Imputation

    Sep 30, 2026Jinwei Li, Michelle Bruch, Daniel TenbrinckIncomplete Data ImputationTabular ML

    Department of Data Science Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany

  11. Robust Graph Clustering Network for Multiple Missing Data

    Sep 25, 2026Keyuan Qiu, Renda Han, Zhen Tang +6Graph ClusteringIncomplete Data Imputation

    Northeastern University · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Northeast Normal University +2

  12. Fed-ReMasker: Federated Tabular Imputation under Feature-Level Missingness

    Sep 23, 2026Ioannis Papathanail, Rooholla Poursoleymani, Lubnaa Abdur Rahman +1Incomplete Data ImputationMasked Autoencoders

    ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland · Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

  13. Impute-EM: Native Mixed-State Diffusion Models for Heterogeneous Data Imputation

    Sep 14, 2026Sergei Kholkin, Kirill Sokolov, Dmitry Baranchuk +2Incomplete Data ImputationExpectation-Maximization

    Applied AI Institute · Applied AI Institute, Moscow State University · Yandex Research +1

  14. A Dataset and Model for Imputing Water Surface Elevation on a Large and Extremely Sparse Spatiotemporal Graph

    Sep 10, 2026Ruben Cartuyvels, Karim Douch, Gabriele Bertoli +4Time Series ImputationIncomplete Data Imputation

    European Space Agency, Φ-lab · European Space Agency, Science Hub · Serco Italia SpA, Rome, Italy +4

  15. A Deep Latent Variable Framework for Jointly Modeling Missingness, Measurement Error, and Heterogeneity

    Aug 30, 2026Yasin Khadem Charvadeh, Grace Y. Yi, Mithat Gönen +1Variational AutoencodersIncomplete Data Imputation

    Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada · Department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, Department of Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada · Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA +1

  16. Large-Scale Evaluation of Advanced Imputation Methods for Missing Values in Smart Meter Data

    Aug 21, 2026Daniela Stojcheska, Marija Markovska, Dimitar Taskovski +2Robust Matrix CompletionIncomplete Data Imputation

    FEEIT Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje, North Macedonia · Elektrodistribucija DOOEL EVN Group Skopje, North Macedonia

  17. Probabilistic indirect models for undrained shear strength: addressing significant data missing and variability with advanced imputation and machine learning techniques

    Aug 14, 2026Haibin Xiong, Shaoheng Dai, Peng Lan +4Materials Property PredictionUncertainty Quantification

    School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia. · School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, 999, Nanchang 330031, China. · School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410075, China.

  18. MBDiff: Multi-view Behavior-aware Diffusion Model for Probabilistic Utility Data Imputation

    Jul 31, 2026Rongchao Xu, Lin Jiang, Dahai Yu +2Time Series ImputationIncomplete Data Imputation

    Department of Computer Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

  19. Flow Matching with Missing Data

    Jul 30, 2026Fairoz Nower Khan, Nabuat Zaman Nahim, Peizhong JuFlow MatchingIncomplete Data Imputation

    Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky

  20. FILLER: Feature Imputation via Latent Location Exploration and Retrieval

    Jul 25, 2026Santu Mondal, Chayan Maitra, Rajat K. DeIncomplete Data ImputationLearning with Missing Data

    Machine Intelligence Unit Indian Statistical Institute 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road Kolkata 700108

  21. Auto-Fill: Learning to Predict Missing Values Accurately with Specialist Language Models

    Jul 22, 2026Yurong Liu, Yeye He, Haoyu Dong +4Incomplete Data ImputationSelective Prediction

    New York University · Microsoft Research

  22. Kernel Regression with Tensor Trains and Hadamard Overparameterization

    Jul 19, 2026Duc Thien Nguyen, Konstantinos Slavakis, Eleftherios Kofidis +1Incomplete Data ImputationKernel Regression

    Institute of Science Tokyo, Dept. Information and Communications Engineering, Yokohama, Japan · University of Piraeus, Dept. Statistics and Insurance Science, Greece · Florida Atlantic University, Center for Connected Autonomy and Artificial Intelligence & Dept. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, USA

  23. ImputeViz: A Visual Analytics Dashboard for Diagnosing Missing Data and Comparing Imputation Methods

    Jul 9, 2026Aitik Dandapat, Lalith Punepalle Raveendrareddy, Mithilesh Kumar Singh +1Scientific VisualizationData Visualization

    Stony Brook University

  24. Distributionally Faithful Imputation via Positive Semi-Definite Kernel Density Estimation

    Jul 8, 2026Andrea Basteri, Carlo Ciliberto, Alessandro RudiIncomplete Data ImputationKernel Density Estimation

    Inria - Ecole Normale Supériore, Paris, France · Department of Computer Science - UCL, London, UK · SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy

  25. Imputation Meets Clustering: Exploiting Latent Subgroup Structure for Missing Data Recovery

    Jul 8, 2026Chuyao Zhang, E Li, Taochen Chen +5Incomplete Data ImputationLearning with Missing Data

    Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China · Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China

  26. SafeImpute: Reliable Clinical Data Imputation via Conformal Selection

    Jul 6, 2026Xinrui He, Mengting Ai, Junting Wang +2Time Series ImputationIncomplete Data Imputation

    University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA · Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ, USA

  27. ImputeECG: Deep Learning Reconstruction of Complete 12-Lead Electrocardiograms from Incomplete Recordings for Cardiac Assessment

    Jul 6, 2026Xiaocheng Fang, Haoyu Wang, Jieyi Cai +14Time Series ImputationIncomplete Data Imputation

    National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China · School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China · Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China +6

  28. Benchmarking Sensor Robustness in Plasma Diagnostic Models: A Systematic Evaluation on TokaMark

    Jul 5, 2026Neerav GuptaIncomplete Data Imputation

    Independent Researcher

  29. Missing Data Imputation under Manifold Hypothesis

    Jul 3, 2026Zelong Bi, Amuchechukwu Ibenegbu, Sarat MokaIncomplete Data ImputationLearning with Missing Data

  30. Cross-Domain Feature Expansion for Tabular Medical Data via Knowledge Graphs Injection

    Jun 30, 2026Mengying Zhou, Yongjie Yin, Haoyan Xin +2Incomplete Data ImputationSynthetic Tabular Data Generation

    School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics · College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University · Independent Researcher +1