LEO Satellite Networks

LEO: Low Earth Orbit

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Overview

Low Earth Orbit satellite networks study how constellations of fast-moving satellites can route data, hand off users, schedule observations, and share limited power, storage, and communication links. Common approaches include graph neural networks and reinforcement learning for routing and handover, optimization methods for task scheduling and topology, and federated learning for training models across satellites without moving all data to Earth. Researchers evaluate these methods in constellation simulations, satellite internet measurements, remote-sensing benchmarks, and, increasingly, on embedded hardware. A central challenge is making learned systems reliable under changing connectivity and uneven data while meeting tight onboard resource and latency limits.

Latest papers

CardsList

34 papers4 papers in the last four weeks, down 20% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. Satellite Intelligence: Distributed Training, Collaborative Inference,and LLM Adaptation in LEO Constellation

    Oct 26, 2026Zheng Lin, Zhanwei Wang, Yuxin Zhang +9LEO Satellite NetworksLLM Inference

    Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, L-1855 Luxembourg, Luxembourg · Department of Computer and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China · Institute of Space Internet, Fudan University, Shanghai, China +5

  2. From Human Intent to In-Orbit Action: A Self-Learning Large Language Model Agent for 6G Satellite Networks

    Oct 25, 2026Zhengqian Xu, Yasheng Zhang, Chenhua Sun +2LEO Satellite Networks6G Networks

    The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (CETC-54)

  3. StarRTT: An End-to-End Real-Time Framework for Blind Zone-Free RTT Prediction in Starlink LEO Satellite Networks

    Oct 23, 2026Jaeyong Lee, Seongjin Jeong, Yusang Park +3LEO Satellite NetworksSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea

  4. Heterogeneous Space Data Centers: A Key Paradigm for Future Non-Terrestrial and In-Orbit Services

    Oct 23, 2026Peng Hu, Mustafa Alhassan, Amjad IqbalHeterogeneous ComputingLEO Satellite Networks

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6, Canada

  5. Constrained Diffusion for Data-Scarce Orbital Monte Carlo in Constellation Tasking

    Oct 7, 2026Omar Ramadan, Sam Siavoshian, Amir Kashif Saeed +3Constrained Generative ModelingPhysics-Informed Diffusion Models

    Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St. Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

  6. ASTRA: ADMM-Accelerated Topology Reconfiguration for Dynamic Satellite Constellations

    Sep 27, 2026João Norberto, Ricardo Ferreira, Cláudia SoaresDynamic Regret MinimizationWireless Communications

    Department of Computer Science NOVA School of Science and Technology Caparica, Portugal

  7. Resource-Aware Federated Mixture-of-Experts with Adaptive Pruning for Onboard Learning in LEO Satellite Constellations

    Sep 25, 2026Mohamed Shaaban, Mohamed Elmahallawy, Marius Bernahrndt +1Federated LearningMixture of Experts

    School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA · Institute for Software Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Porz, 51147 Cologne, Germany

  8. STR-Agent: An LLM-Driven Agent for QoS-Aware Routing in LEO Satellite Networks

    Sep 17, 2026Bowen Lu, Mugen Peng, Yaohua Sun +3LLM Agent OrchestrationWireless Communications

    State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

  9. HELENA for 5G NR LEO NTN Channel Estimation: A Comparative Evaluation

    Sep 13, 2026Miguel Camelo Botero, Nina Slamnik-Kriještorac, Johann Marquez-BarjaChannel EstimationLEO Satellite Networks

    University of Antwerp - imec, IDLab, Antwerp, Belgium

  10. Temporal and Multimodal Deep Learning for Cyberattack Detection in LEO Satellite Systems

    Sep 9, 2026Kyle Stein, Guillermo Francia, Eman El-Sheikh +1Network Intrusion DetectionCybersecurity

    Center for Cybersecurity and AI University of West Florida Pensacola, FL, USA

  11. ORBITALIF: An Efficient Spiking Federated Learning Framework for Onboard Cloud Removal

    Aug 25, 2026Bohan Zhang, Chenyu Xu, Yijie Mao +1Cloud RemovalRemote Sensing

    School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China

  12. Task-Driven Three-Layer Distributed Scheduling for Emergency Earth Observation in Large Low-Earth-Orbit Constellations

    Aug 14, 2026Qian Yin, Xinwei Wang, Guohua WuLEO Satellite NetworksRemote Sensing

    Central South University, Changsha, China · Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

  13. FedOrbit: Adaptive Personalized Federated Learning for Non-IID LEO Satellite Constellations

    Aug 10, 2026Satwat Bashir, Tasos Dagiuklas, Muddesar IqbalHierarchical Federated LearningFederated Learning Aggregation

    School of Engineering London South Bank University, London, UK

  14. FedRings: A Scalable and Topology-Aware Federated Learning Framework for LEO Satellite Constellations

    Aug 4, 2026Ziwu Liu, Inês Pinto Gouveia, Rehana Yasmin +2Communication-Efficient Distributed TrainingDecentralized Learning

    CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

  15. The Cost and Network Limits of Space-Based AI Compute

    Jul 15, 2026Kees van BerkelLLM InferenceCost-Aware Inference

    Technical University Eindhoven, Dept. of Math. & Computer Science P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands

  16. Robust Design of Integrated Sensing and Communication in LEO Satellite Systems

    Jul 14, 2026Hezhen Yang, Xiaoming Chen, Qi WangIntegrated Sensing and CommunicationRobust Optimization

    College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

  17. Compound Interference Recognition for LR-FHSS Satellite IoT Uplinks via Multi-Domain Instance Fusion

    Jul 13, 2026H. Xu, B. He, S. Wang +1Wireless CommunicationsLEO Satellite Networks

    College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410003, P. R. China

  18. Deciphering Region-Level Signatures from Latency Measurements in LEO Satellite Internet

    Jun 28, 2026Xiang Shi, Yifei Zhang, Peng HuWireless CommunicationsLEO Satellite Networks

    Advanced Network and Embedded Systems Lab (AEL), Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

  19. SpaceRipple: Lightweight Semantic Delivery for Mission-Oriented LEO Earth Observation Satellite Networks

    Jun 25, 2026Ziyi Yang, Hao Yuan, Yunxiang Yi +2Learned Image CompressionSemantic Communication

    Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing, China

  20. Free-Placement Optimization of Ground Station Locations for Low-Earth Orbit Satellites

    Jun 10, 2026Grace Ra Kim, Duncan Eddy, Vedant Srinivas +1Combinatorial OptimizationWireless Communications

    Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305 · Stanford, CA · Stanford University, Stanford, CA

  21. Deep Tech to Space: Space Data Centers and AI Revolution at the Edge

    May 19, 2026Jonas Weiss, Patricia Sagmeister, Gabriel Maiolini Capez +16Edge ComputingLEO Satellite Networks

    IBM Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland · Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy · Vyoma GmbH, Karl-Theodor-Straße 55, 80803 München, Germany +6

  22. Dueling DDQN-Based Adaptive Multi-Objective Handover Optimization for LEO Satellite Networks

    May 4, 2026Po-Heng Chou, Chiapin Wang, Chung-Chi Huang +1Multi-Objective Reinforcement LearningDeep Q-Learning

    Research Center for Information Technology Innovation (CITI), Academia Sinica (AS), Taipei 11529, Taiwan · Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU), Taipei 106308 Taiwan

  23. Spatial-Temporal Learning-Based Distributed Routing for Dynamic LEO Satellite Networks

    May 4, 2026Po-Heng Chou, Chiapin Wang, Shou-Yu Chen +1Deep Q-LearningPartially Observable RL

    Research Center for Information Technology Innovation (CITI), Academia Sinica (AS), Taipei 11529, Taiwan · Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU), Taipei 106308 Taiwan

  24. SpaceMoE: Realizing Distributed Mixture-of-Experts Inference over Space Networks

    May 1, 2026Zhanwei Wang, Huiling Yang, Min Sheng +2Mixture-of-Experts Language ModelsMixture-of-Experts Inference

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong SAR, China · State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Institute of Information Science, Xidian University (XDU), Xi’an, Shaanxi, China · Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR, China

  25. Toward Scalable SDN for LEO Mega-Constellations: A Graph Learning Approach

    Apr 30, 2026Sivaram Krishnan, Bassel Al Homssi, Zhouyou Gu +3Graph Neural NetworksWireless Communications

    School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia

  26. Validated Intent Compilation for Constrained Routing in LEO Mega-Constellations

    Apr 8, 2026Yuanhang LiIntent-Based NetworkingLEO Satellite Networks

  27. When Adaptive Rewards Hurt: Causal Probing and the Switching-Stability Dilemma in LLM-Guided LEO Satellite Scheduling

    Apr 4, 2026Yuanhang LiReward Design for RLLLM-Guided RL

  28. jaxsgp4: GPU-accelerated mega-constellation propagation with batch parallelism

    Mar 29, 2026Charlotte Priestley, Will HandleyGPU AccelerationLEO Satellite Networks

    Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK · Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK · PolyChord Ltd., London, UK

  29. AI Lifecycle-Aware Feasibility Framework for Split-RIC Orchestration in NTN O-RAN

    Mar 24, 2026Daniele TarchiOpen Radio Access NetworkLEO Satellite Networks

    Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Firenze, Italy · CNIT - University of Florence Research Unit, 50139 Firenze, Italy

  30. iSatCR: Graph-Empowered Joint Onboard Computing and Routing for LEO Data Delivery

    Mar 19, 2026Jiangtao Luo, Bingbing Xu, Shaohua Xia +1LEO Satellite NetworksEdge Computing

    the School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, 400065 China.