Machine Translation

Also known as MT

Overview

Machine translation studies how to produce useful translations across languages, including low-resource languages, specialized domains, dialects, and long or multimodal content. Common approaches include Transformer-based neural systems and large language models, adapted with parallel or synthetic data, retrieval, preference optimization, and reinforcement learning; speech and image translation also combine language models with audio or visual information. Evaluation uses automatic metrics and human review, with newer benchmarks testing terminology, context, cultural meaning, style, bias, and instruction following. A central tension is that gains on standard scores do not always mean translations are faithful or appropriate, while broad language coverage, low latency, privacy, and limited data remain practical challenges.

Latest papers

CardsList

267 papers37 papers in the last four weeks, level with the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Cultivar: A Contrastive and Locale-Oriented Translation Benchmark for Investigating Contamination and Localisation Robustness

    Aug 10, 2026Pinzhen Chen, Koel Dutta Chowdhury, Xiaoya Xu +20Data Contamination in Language ModelsLanguage Model Robustness

  2. Failure-Aware Long-Form Translation: Design and Implementation of a Recoverable LLM Translation System

    Aug 10, 2026Yanlin YuLLM ReliabilityMachine Translation

  3. Mitigating Gender Bias in English to Romanian Machine Translation

    Aug 9, 2026Ioana Grigore, Sergiu NisioiMachine Translation

  4. Do Evaluation Metrics Detect Errors in Classical Chinese to English Translations?

    Aug 8, 2026Osvaldo Quinjica, Eric Bennett, Xinchen Yang +2Machine TranslationMT Evaluation

  5. APEX-VW: A Document-Level English-Spanish Post-Editing Dataset in the Healthcare Domain

    Aug 8, 2026Marie Escribe, Tharindu Ranasinghe, Amal Haddad Haddad +2Document-Level MTMachine Translation

  6. Embedding Initialization for Unseen Low-resource Languages in Multilingual NMT: A Case Study on Limbum-English Translation

    Aug 7, 2026Samiratu Ntohsi, Neza David Tuyishimire, Anesu Kafesu +3Low-Resource MTLow-Resource Language Processing

  7. Pun Intended: Multi-Agent Translation of Wordplay with Contrastive Learning and Phonetic-Semantic Embeddings

    Aug 5, 2026Russell Taylor, Benjamin Herbert, Michael SanaMulti-Agent LLMsMachine Translation

  8. Towards End-to-End Multilingual Metaphor Processing: Integrating Detection, Translation, and Evaluation

    Aug 4, 2026Jiahui Liang, Lifeng HanFigurative Language UnderstandingMachine Translation

  9. Efficient Multilingual Neural Machine Translation via Corpus-Driven Vocabulary Pruning: An English-Arabic Case Study

    Aug 4, 2026Ahmed Amine Aliane, Nasredine Semmar, Hassina AlianeMultilingual Language ModelsLLM Fine-Tuning

  10. PAMT: Process-Aligned Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Domain Machine Translation

    Aug 4, 2026Yongshi Ye, Biao Fu, Chongxuan Huang +2RL for Language Model ReasoningProcess Supervision

  11. Studying quantization trade-offs for efficient inference deployment in machine translation

    Jul 31, 2026Jim Zhao, Sohir Maskey, Koen Oostermeijer +2LLM QuantizationLLM Inference Acceleration

  12. Cross-Lingual Transfer for Machine Translation in Turkic Languages

    Jul 31, 2026Omer Burak Cinar, Mehmet Mert Dalkilic, Cagri ToramanMultilingual Language ModelsLow-Resource MT

  13. Translation with Thought: Difficulty-Adaptive Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Domain Machine Translation

    Jul 31, 2026Yongshi Ye, Biao Fu, Chongxuan Huang +2RL for Language Model ReasoningEfficient Language Model Inference

  14. Systematic Analysis of Large Language Models and Transformer-Based Machine Translation for English-Tamil and Tamil-English Across Diverse Datasets

    Jul 27, 2026Sriharshaa S, Sangeetha Sivanesan, Jaya Nirmala SMultilingual Language ModelsLow-Resource MT

  15. A Factorial Study of Synthetic Data Generation for Low-Resource Machine Translation using Grammar Books

    Jul 24, 2026Varun Ghat Ravikumar, Sina Ahmadi, Lena Jäger +1LLM Fine-TuningSynthetic Data Generation

  16. Biomedical Machine Translation for Low-Resource Arabic-Script Languages via Cross-Lingual Transfer and LoRA Adapter Merging

    Jul 24, 2026Abdullah Alabdullah, Arash Eslamighayour, Sarp Harbalioglu +1Low-Resource MTLanguage Model Merging

  17. CultureTalk-ID: A Multi-Task Dialogue Benchmark for Cultural Commonsense in Indonesian Local Languages

    Jul 23, 2026Muhammad Dehan Al Kautsar, Salsabila Pranida, Bilal Elbouardi +1Multilingual Language Model EvaluationMulti-Turn Dialogue Evaluation

  18. The Price of Reasoning: Cost-Quality Tradeoffs in Reinforcement Learning for Neural Machine Translation

    Jul 21, 2026Michael Jungo, Aixiu AnRL for Language ModelsRL for Language Model Reasoning

  19. Reasoning Before Translation: Enhancing Legal Machine Translation with Structured Reasoning

    Jul 21, 2026Aixiu An, Michael Jungo, Eloi Eynard +4RL for Language ModelsLegal NLP

  20. LatentMT: Machine Translation with Latent Reasoning

    Jul 21, 2026Wei-Rui Chen, Samar M. Magdy, Chiyu Zhang +3Low-Resource MTEfficient Language Model Inference

  21. Tokenizing Crosslingual Homographs

    Jul 20, 2026Rotem Brillant, Yuval PinterMultilingual Language ModelsSubword Tokenization

  22. Direct Image-to-Modern Vietnamese Translation of Han-Nom Manuscripts via Multimodal RLHF Preference Alignment

    Jul 13, 2026Thi Kim Trang Vo, Nghia Hieu Nguyen, Ha Minh TanDirect Preference OptimizationPreference Optimization