Medical Image Analysis

Ask about this topic

Overview

Medical image analysis develops methods to detect disease, segment anatomy, track changes over time, reconstruct images, and estimate clinically useful measurements from modalities such as CT, MRI, X-rays, ultrasound, and retinal imaging. Common approaches include U-Net-style segmentation, transformers, self-supervised and foundation-model learning, multimodal vision-language systems, and methods that incorporate anatomical or physical constraints. Models are tested on tasks and benchmarks such as BraTS for brain tumors, ACDC for cardiac MRI, and EchoNet for echocardiography, with growing attention to external-site testing, calibration, and clinical workflow. A central challenge is that strong benchmark results may not transfer across scanners, hospitals, patient groups, or acquisition protocols, so reliable deployment requires better validation, uncertainty estimates, and safeguards against bias and privacy risks.

Latest papers

CardsList

292 papers27 papers in the last four weeks, down 13% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Evo-MedAgent: Beyond One-Shot Diagnosis with Agents That Remember, Reflect, and Improve

    Apr 15, 2026Weixiang Shen, Bailiang Jian, Jun Li +6Medical AI AgentsLLM Agent Self-Improvement

    Technical University of Munich (TUM) · TUM University Hospital · LMU Munich +3

  2. Fundus Image-based Glaucoma Screening via Retinal Knowledge-Oriented Dynamic Multi-Level Feature Integration

    Apr 14, 2026Chi Liu, Yuzhuo Zhou, Sheng Shen +9Glaucoma DetectionMedical Image Analysis

    Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Avenida Padre Tomás Pereira, Taipa, 999078, Macao, China · State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China · Hainan International College, Minzu University of China, Li’an International Education Innovation Pilot Zone, Lingshui, 572423, Hainan, China +4

  3. LoGo-MR: Screening Breast MRI for Cancer Risk Prediction by Efficient Omni-Slice Modeling

    Apr 13, 2026Xin Wang, Yuan Gao, George Yiasemis +13Medical Image AnalysisClinical Risk Prediction

    Netherlands Cancer Institute · Radboud University Medical Center · University Medical Center Utrecht +1

  4. Development and evaluation of CADe systems in low-prevalence setting: The RARE25 challenge for early detection of Barrett's neoplasia

    Apr 13, 2026Tim J. M. Jaspers, Francisco Caetano, Cris H. B. Claessens +8Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Benchmarks

    Department of Electrical Engineering, Architectures for Reliable Image Analysis Lab, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands · Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  5. Lung Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning

    Apr 12, 2026Imama Ajmi, Abhishek DasMedical Image AnalysisMedical Image Classification

    Department of Computer Sc. & Engg., B. P. Poddar Institute of Management and Technology, Kolkata, India · Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering, Aliah University, Kolkata, India

  6. AC-MIL: Weakly Supervised Atrial LGE-MRI Quality Assessment via Adversarial Concept Disentanglement

    Apr 11, 2026K M Arefeen Sultan, Kaysen Hansen, Benjamin Orkild +7Medical Image Quality AssessmentMedical Image Analysis

    Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, SLC, UT · Kahlert School of Computing, University of Utah, SLC, UT · Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, SLC, UT +4

  7. DBMF: A Dual-Branch Multimodal Framework for Out-of-Distribution Detection

    Apr 9, 2026Jiangbei Yue, Darren Treanor, Venkataraman Subramanian +1OOD DetectionMedical Image Analysis

    University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

  8. OralAgent: Integrating Reasoning, Tools, and Knowledge for Interactive Dental Image Analysis

    Apr 9, 2026Jing Hao, Siyuan Dai, Yongxin Zhang +13Medical Image AnalysisDental Imaging

    Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hongkong, Hong Kong SAR, China · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA · Shenzhen University, China +6

  9. Spatiotemporal Gaussian representation-based dynamic reconstruction and motion estimation framework for time-resolved volumetric MR imaging (DREME-GSMR)

    Apr 7, 2026Jiacheng Xie, Hua-Chieh Shao, Can Wu +7Medical Image AnalysisMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    The Advanced Imaging and Informatics for Radiation Therapy (AIRT) Laboratory · The Medical Artificial Intelligence and Automation (MAIA) Laboratory · Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA

  10. Bridging Restoration and Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Retinal Fundus Enhancement

    Apr 4, 2026Xuanzhao Dong, Wenhui Zhu, Xiwen Chen +8Medical Image Quality AssessmentImage Enhancement

    Arizona State University · Clemson University · LinkedIn Corporation +1

  11. CardioSAM: Topology-Aware Decoder Design for High-Precision Cardiac MRI Segmentation

    Mar 31, 2026Ujjwal JainMedical Image SegmentationMedical Image Analysis

    ABV-IIITM Gwalior, India

  12. An Artifact-based Agent Framework for Adaptive and Reproducible Medical Image Processing

    Mar 31, 2026Lianrui Zuo, Yihao Liu, Gaurav Rudravaram +15Agentic WorkflowsScientific Workflow Automation

    Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA · Dept. of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA · Dept. of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA +10

  13. DinoDental: Benchmarking DINOv3 as a Unified Vision Encoder for Dental Image Analysis

    Mar 30, 2026Kun Tang, Xinquan Yang, Mianjie Zheng +6Medical Image AnalysisVision Foundation Model Adaptation

    Shenzhen University. · Shenzhen University General Hospital. · Chongqing University.

  14. Seeing Like Radiologists: Context- and Gaze-Guided Vision-Language Pretraining for Chest X-rays

    Mar 27, 2026Kang Liu, Zhuoqi Ma, Siyu Liang +5Radiology VLMsMedical VLMs

    Xidian University, Xi’an, China · Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

  15. Unlabeled Cross-Center Automatic Analysis for TAAD: An Integrated Framework from Segmentation to Clinical Features

    Mar 27, 2026Mengdi Liu, Qiang Li, Weizhi Nie +2Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Segmentation

    Tianjin University

  16. Low-Rank-Modulated Functa: Exploring the Latent Space of Implicit Neural Representations for Interpretable Ultrasound Video Analysis

    Mar 26, 2026Julia Wolleb, Cristiana Baloescu, Alicia Durrer +2Medical Image Representation LearningImplicit Neural Representations

    Dept. of Biomedical Informatics & Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, USA · Yale Biomedical Imaging Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA · Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA +2

  17. Colon-Bench: An Agentic Workflow for Scalable Dense Lesion Annotation in Full-Procedure Colonoscopy Videos

    Mar 26, 2026Abdullah Hamdi, Changchun Yang, Xin GaoVideo Object SegmentationMedical Image Analysis

    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

  18. Towards Comprehensive Real-Time Scene Understanding in Ophthalmic Surgery through Multimodal Image Fusion

    Mar 26, 2026Nikolo Rohrmoser, Ghazal Ghazaei, Michael Sommersperger +1Surgical Instrument TrackingMedical Image Analysis

    Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany. · Corporate Research and Technology, Carl Zeiss AG, Munich, Germany.

  19. Causal Transfer in Medical Image Analysis

    Mar 25, 2026Mohammed M. Abdelsamea, Daniel Tweneboah Anyimadu, Tasneem Selim +4Medical Image AnalysisCross-Domain Transfer Learning

    Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom · Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt · Hawkes Institute, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom

  20. Beyond Benchmarks: A Framework for Post Deployment Validation of CT Lung Nodule Detection AI

    Mar 25, 2026Daniel SolimanLung Nodule DetectionMedical Image Analysis

  21. Bi-CRCL: Bidirectional Conservative-Radical Complementary Learning with Pre-trained Foundation Models for Class-incremental Medical Image Analysis

    Mar 24, 2026Xinyao Wu, Zhe Xu, Cheng Chen +3Class-Incremental LearningMedical Image Analysis

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. · Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. · Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. +2

  22. Biophysics-Enhanced Neural Representations for Patient-Specific Respiratory Motion Modeling

    Mar 23, 2026Jan Boysen, Hristina Uzunova, Heinz Handels +1Neural Surrogate ModelingMedical Image Analysis

    German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Lübeck, DE · Clinic for Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, DE · Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, DE

  23. Chronological Contrastive Learning: Few-Shot Progression Assessment in Irreversible Diseases

    Mar 23, 2026Clemens Watzenböck, Daniel Aletaha, Michaël Deman +9Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Representation Learning

    Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria · Comprehensive Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria · Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria +3

  24. HamVision: Hamiltonian Dynamics as Inductive Bias for Medical Image Analysis

    Mar 22, 2026Mohamed A MabrokMedical Image AnalysisMedical Image Segmentation

    Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

  25. CornOrb: A Multimodal Dataset of Orbscan Corneal Topography and Clinical Annotations for Keratoconus Detection

    Mar 22, 2026Mohammed El Amine Lazouni, Leila Ryma Lazouni, Zineb Aziza Elaouaber +8Medical Image BenchmarksMedical Image Analysis

    Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Abou Bakr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, Algeria · LIST Laboratory, M’Hamed Bougara Boumerdes University, Algeria · Lazouni Clinic, Tlemcen, Algeria +3

  26. MedQ-Engine: A Closed-Loop Data Engine for Evolving MLLMs in Medical Image Quality Assessment

    Mar 20, 2026Jiyao Liu, Junzhi Ning, Wanying Qu +4Medical Image Quality AssessmentMedical Image Analysis

    Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China

  27. ReXInTheWild: A Unified Benchmark for Medical Photograph Understanding

    Mar 19, 2026Oishi Banerjee, Sung Eun Kim, Alexandra N. Willauer +9Medical VLMsMedical Image Benchmarks

    Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA · National Strategic Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA +3

  28. AURORA: Adaptive Unified Representation for Robust Ultrasound Analysis

    Mar 19, 2026Ufaq Khan, L. D. M. S. Sai Teja, Ayuba Shakiru +4Medical Image AnalysisUltrasound Imaging

    MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, UAE · NIT Silchar, India · Birmingham City University, UK

  29. ARIADNE: A Perception-Reasoning Synergy Framework for Trustworthy Coronary Angiography Analysis

    Mar 19, 2026Zhan Jin, Yu Luo, Yizhou Zhang +5Medical Image AnalysisCoronary Angiography

    School of Mathematical Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China. · Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.

  30. CoDA: Exploring Chain-of-Distribution Attacks and Post-Hoc Token-Space Repair for Medical Vision-Language Models

    Mar 19, 2026Xiang Chen, Fangfang Yang, Chunlei Meng +6Medical Image Quality AssessmentVLM Robustness