Chest X-Ray

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12 papers in the last four weeks, up 50% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. Representation Disentanglement for Fair Chest X-Ray Diagnosis

    Oct 5, 2026Yujie Sun, Ruizhe Li, Xiaowu SunChest X-Ray

    Academy of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China · Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK

  2. PLRS-IC: A Dual-Calibration Framework for Chest X-Ray Vision-Language Alignment

    Sep 30, 2026Qixing Zhao, Jinpeng LiVision-Language AlignmentChest X-Ray

    South China University of Technology

  3. From Image Interpretation to Clinical Reasoning: Upstream Physician-Context-Aware Multimodal Learning with Causal Reinforcement Learning

    Sep 30, 2026Jialu Pi, Yanan Ma, Weijie Chen +8Multimodal Clinical DataChest X-Ray

    Dept. of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA · School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA · Dept. of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, USA +2

  4. XFlow: A Workflow Model for Instruction-Guided Lesion Segmentation in Chest X-rays

    Sep 28, 2026Geon Choi, Hangyul Yoon, Hyunki Park +2Lesion SegmentationChest X-Ray

    KAIST · Korea University Guro Hospital · Samsung Medical Center

  5. PACER: Progressive Availability-Conditioned Evidence Routing for Radiology Report Generation under Incomplete Clinical Context

    Sep 28, 2026Yulong Chen, Yadong Liu, Haoyu Cao +3Radiology Report GenerationReport

    Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China

  6. SentZero: An Enhanced Sentence-Centric Vision-Language Pretraining for Multi-Task Zero-Shot Chest X-Ray Analysis

    Sep 28, 2026Hangyul Yoon, Hyungyung Lee, Edward Choi +1Chest X-RayRecent Vision-Language Models

    Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)

  7. Anatomy-Structured Hierarchical MIL for Weakly-Supervised Thoracic Disease Detection in Chest X-rays

    Sep 27, 2026Jeongin Kim, Sohyun Ahn, Seo Young Kang +6Chest X-RayMultiple Instance Learning

    Division of Artificial Intelligence & Software, Ewha Womans University · Ewha Medical Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Ewha Womans University · Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University +2

  8. Med-AR: Autoregressive Vision-Language Pretraining for Long-Tailed Chest X-Ray Classification and Uncertainty-Aware Evaluation

    Sep 24, 2026Janhavi Prabhu, Sahil, Akshay V +3Chest X-RayMultimodal Clinical Data

    Qure.ai, Bangalore, India

  9. Generating Chest X-Ray Counterfactuals by Specialising Foundation Image Models

    Sep 21, 2026Xiaodan Xing, Rajat R. Rasal, Julia A. Meister +3Medical Image GenerationCounterfactuals

    GSK · Imperial College London

  10. GLR-MM: Graph-Based Global-Local Reconstruction for Robust Multimodal Chest X-ray and EHR Representation Learning under Missing Modalities

    Sep 20, 2026Surbhi Sharma, Nikhil Manali, Devesh MaheshwariIntensive Care Unit Mortality PredictionMissing Modalities

    Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA · University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA · Walmart, USA

  11. Reporting Practice Matters: The Impact of Reference Choice on Chest X-ray Report Evaluation

    Sep 16, 2026Daniel P. Jeong, Charles Q. Li, Hossein Hosseiny +5Radiology Report GenerationChest X-Ray

    Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University · Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Allegheny Health Network · Data Science R&D, Highmark Health Enterprise Data & Analytics +1

  12. Exponential Pixelating Integral transform with dual fractal features for enhanced chest X-ray abnormality detection

    Sep 11, 2026Naveenraj Kamalakannan, Sri Ram Macharla, M Kanimozhi +1Chest X-RayRespiratory Sound Classification

    a – The Construct, Barcelona, Spain · b – Involgixs Inc, USA · c - School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India

  13. Multi-Pass, Multi-View Blended Learning for High-Fidelity Volumetric CT Synthesis from Chest X-Rays

    Sep 9, 2026Ozer Can Devecioglu, Serkan Kiranyaz, Rashid Mazhar +3Cone-Beam Computed TomographyChest X-Ray

    Department of Computing Sciences, Tampere University, Finland. · Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar. · Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

  14. AlphaRAD: Grounded Zero-Shot Classification in Chest Radiology via αα-Corrected Binary Cross Entropy and Factorized Latent Supervision

    Sep 1, 2026Jianzhong You, Yuan Gao, Chris McIntoshChest X-RayMedical Vision-Language Models

    Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Canada · Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada · Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada +5

  15. CheXGround: Anatomical Region Tokens for Grounded Longitudinal Chest X-ray Interpretation

    Aug 31, 2026Adonay Demewez Gebremedhin, Wessam Shehieb, Sara Alansari +4Chest X-RayMedical Vision-Language Models

    Ajman University Ajman, United Arab Emirates · University of Birmingham Birmingham, United Kingdom · Khalifa University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates +1

  16. Beyond Accuracy: Quantifying Pulmonary Attribution in Anatomy-Guided Chest X-Ray Classification Under Domain Shift

    Aug 31, 2026Abdullah Al Mamun, Md. Nasif Osman Khansur, Md Ashraful Hossen Akash +2Chest X-RayCnn-Transformer Tradeoff

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET), Kazla, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh · Elite Research Lab LLC, New York, USA · Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia +1

  17. Look What the Probes Dragged In! Real-World Chest X-ray Shortcuts in MedCLIP

    Aug 12, 2026Nikolette Pedersen, Regitze Sydendal, Veronika Cheplygina +1Chest X-RayShortcut Learning

    Pattern Recognition Revisited Lab (PURRlab) IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark

  18. Automated binary classification of hazelnut X-ray images: A deep-learning benchmark for quality assessment

    Aug 12, 2026Giancarlo Sportelli, Nicola Belcari, Roberta Pace +4Medical Image ClassificationX-Ray

    Department of Physics “E. Fermi”, University of Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy · National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Pisa Division, Largo Bruno Potencorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy · Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (ISAFOM-CNR), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, Località Porto del Granatello, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy +1

  19. Uncertainty-Aware Compositional Localization and Placement Assessment of Catheters and Tubes in Chest X-Rays

    Aug 11, 2026Harshil LodhiyaChest X-RayCatheters

    Sliced Health

  20. When Repository Labels Are Not Image-Level Truth: A Supervision Auditing Framework for Chest Radiograph AI

    Aug 10, 2026Yesika Alexandra Agudelo-Londoño, Jhon Wilmer Pino-Román, Brahian Carrera Rodríguez +9Chest X-RayModel Auditing

    Medical Imaging and AI in Healthcare Research Group, Biosciences Center, SURA, Medellín, Colombia · Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia · IBM Research, San Jose, CA, USA +1

  21. C2^2A: Coupling Spatial Evidence with Clinical Priors via Co-occurrence Aware Class Attention for Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Classification

    Aug 10, 2026Akash Gogineni, Nagur Shareef Shaik, Aasrith Mandava +2Chest X-RayMedical Image Classification

    Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA · UST Global Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA

  22. JustLLMGRPO: Radiographic Control for Chest X-Ray Generation

    Aug 8, 2026Pengxiang Cai, Xiaohan Li, Anglin Liu +3Chest X-RayMedical Image Generation

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)

  23. PDD-RRG: Posterior Diagnostic Decision for Study-level Radiology Report Generation

    Aug 4, 2026Yang Yu, Yiming Ji, Bin Dai +4Radiology Report GenerationChest X-Ray

    School of Computer Science & Technology, Soochow University · Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology · Jiangsu Key Lab of Language Computing, Suzhou

  24. Clinically-Grounded Hierarchical Classification for Consistent Chest X-ray Interpretation

    Aug 4, 2026Jong Hak Moon, Minjun Kim, Minjun KimChest X-RayAnatomy

    Yeji X, Seoul, South Korea

  25. HarMoE: Multi-Source Chest Radiograph Pretraining with Dataset-Disentangled Experts

    Aug 3, 2026Haozhe Luo, Ziyu Zhou, Shelley Zixin Shu +1Chest X-RayMedical Vision-Language Models

    ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern · Kaiko.AI, Zurich, Switzerland · Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

  26. CXR-Retrieve: Compositional Text-to-Image Retrieval in Chest Radiography

    Jul 30, 2026Tomer Erez, Moshe Kimhi, Chaim Baskin +1Chest X-RayModel Checkpoints

    Technion – Israel Institute of Technology · Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

  27. Rethinking Clinical Relevance in Chest X-ray Machine Learning: How Evaluation References Define Performance

    Jul 28, 2026Panagiotis Fytas, Ian Selby, Clemens Karner +14Chest X-RayClinical

    Language Technology Lab (LTL), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom · Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom · Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Austria +3

  28. Self-supervision drives representational convergence in medical foundation models more than clinical supervision

    Jul 22, 2026Soroosh Tayebi Arasteh, Sebastian Ziegelmayer, Mahshad Lotfinia +4Self-Supervised LearningMedical World Model

    Lab for AI in Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany · Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany · Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM University Clinic, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany +4

  29. Bayesian uncertainty estimation improves clinical decision making in medical AI agents

    Jul 22, 2026Frederik Hauke, Patrick Wienholt, Christiane Kuhl +4Clinical Decision SupportUncertainty

    Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. · Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. · Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. +1

  30. DobicVLM: Aligning Chest X-Ray Report Generation with Clinically-Grounded Programmatic Rewards via Group Relative Policy Optimization

    Jul 21, 2026Thanni Adewuyi, Angelica Obayi, Andem Aniekan +10Radiology Report GenerationMedical Vision-Language Models

    Dobic Health · HelpMum Africa · University of Ibadan

  31. Position: Explanation Stability Is a Property of the Model Method Pair, Not the Model

    Jul 18, 2026Kabilan Elangovan, Daniel TingExplainabilityGradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping

    Singapore Health Services and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.

  32. Prospective clinical indication, post-hoc report leakage, and fusion design in multi-image chest radiograph classification: a patient-clustered evaluation

    Jul 15, 2026Kamran Shahid, Muhammad Munwar IqbalChest X-RayVisible Image Fusion

    Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

  33. REVA-PO: Stabilizing Reinforcement Learning for Chest X-ray Report Generation

    Jul 11, 2026Li Guo, Anas M. Tahir, Z. Jane WangChest X-RayMedical Vision-Language Models

    University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

  34. From Classification to Localization and Clinical Validation: Large-Scale Development of a Deep Learning System for Thoracic Disease Detection on Chest Radiographs in Thailand

    Jul 10, 2026Isarun Chamveha, Tretap Promwiset, Napat Wanchaitanawong +3Chest X-RayLocalization

    Perceptra Co., Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand · Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand · Institute of Field Robotics, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand

  35. Seeing What Matters: Lesion-Aware High-Resolution Patch Discovery and Fusion for Chest X-ray Report Generation

    Jul 8, 2026Yingshu Li, Yunyi Liu, Zhenghao Chen +5Chest X-RayRadiology Report Generation

    The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia · The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia · University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia +1

  36. Reconfigurable Radiology Labels Without Relabeling

    Jul 6, 2026Jean-Benoit Delbrouck, Dave Van Veen, Akash Pattnaik +4Chest X-RayRadiology Report Generation

    HOPPR

  37. Taxlifier: Leveraging Disease Taxonomy for Enhanced Multi-Label Classification in Chest Radiography

    Jul 6, 2026Mohammad S. Majdi, Jeffrey J. RodriguezChest X-RayMedical Image Classification

    aDept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, AZ, USA

  38. PulmoSight-XAI: An Explainable Multi-View Attention Ensemble with Gradient Boosting Meta-Learning for Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Classification

    Jul 5, 2026Moshiur Rahman, Shafqat Alam, Tasnia Binte MamunChest X-RayMedical Image Classification

    Department of Biomedical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh

  39. Who Gets Missed in the Tail? Thresholded Subgroup Underdiagnosis in Long-Tailed Chest X-ray Classification

    Jul 4, 2026Ha-Hieu Pham, Hai-Dang Nguyen, Dang P. M. Cao +5Chest X-RaySubgroups

    University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam · Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam · VinUni-Illinois Smart Health Center, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam +3

  40. Leveraging Pathology Co-occurrence for Test-Time Adaptation in Chest X-Ray Diagnosis

    Jul 4, 2026Woojin Jeong, Yujin Choi, Dongbin Kim +2Chest X-RayTest-Time Adaptation

    Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea · Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore · UNIST, 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea

  41. GRCD: Grounded Region Change Detection for Multi-Finding Chest X-Ray Pairs

    Jul 2, 2026OFM Riaz Rahman Aranya, Peyman Najafirad, Kevin DesaiChest X-RayChange Detection

    Department of Computer Science · The University of Texas at San Antonio · San Antonio, Texas, USA

  42. Spatio-Temporal and Clinical Conditioning for Fine-Grained Radiology Report Retrieval

    Jul 2, 2026P. Sloan, E. Simpson, M. MirmehdiRadiology Report GenerationChest X-Ray

    Department of Computer Science University of Bristol Bristol, UK

  43. TRCGL-Net: A Long-Tailed Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Classification Framework with Generative Data Augmentation and Label Co-Occurrence Modeling

    Jul 1, 2026Tong Shao, Hongshun Ling, Li Zhang +4Chest X-RayMedical Image Classification

    School of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China

  44. Seeing Through Multiple Views: Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning via Selective Neurons for Consistent Radiology Report Generation

    Jun 30, 2026Yucheng Chen, Jinjing Zhu, Yang Yu +7Radiology Report GenerationChest X-Ray

    MedVisAI Lab · Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · Centre of AI in Medicine, Singapore +3

  45. Teach-to-Reason: Competition-Guided Reasoning with a Self-Improving Teacher

    Jun 24, 2026Xiao Han, Hao Liu, Zhimin Bao +5Chain-of-Thought ReasoningSelf-Teacher

    1AIRC, Midea Group

  46. Transition-Aware best-of-N sampling for Longitudinal Chest X-ray Reports

    Jun 23, 2026Halil Ibrahim Gulluk, Max Van Puyvelde, Wim Van Criekinge +1Chest X-RayRadiology Report Generation

    Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA · Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics & Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

  47. NoduLoCC2026: Lung Nodule Localization and Classification Contest from Chest X-Ray Images

    Jun 19, 2026Adnan Mustafic, Halim Benhabiles, Adnane Cabani +19Lung-Nodule Artificial IntelligenceChest X-Ray

    Universit´e de Haute-Alsace, IRIMAS, 68100 Mulhouse, France

  48. CheXpercept: A Benchmark for Evaluating Expert-Level Lesion Perception in Chest X-rays

    Jun 19, 2026Geon Choi, Hangyul Yoon, Nalee Kim +5Chest X-RayMedical Vision-Language Models

    1KAIST · 2Samsung Medical Center · 3Konkuk University Medical Center

  49. Translating Inference-Time Control to Radiology Vision-Language Models: Activation Steering for Pneumonia Classification on Chest X-rays

    Jun 18, 2026Eduardo Moreno Judice de Mattos Farina, Mateus A. Esmeraldo, Felipe Akio Matsuoka +2Medical Vision-Language ModelsChest X-Ray

    Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein São Paulo, Brazil · Department of Radiology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA · Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) DASA São Paulo, Brazil +2

  50. Scaling Generative Foundation Models for Chest Radiography with Rectified Flow Transformers

    Jun 17, 2026Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro, Emma A. M. Stanley, Charles Jones +7Digitally Reconstructed RadiographsMedical Image Generation

    Imperial College London · Causality in Healthcare AI Hub · Cleveland Clinic London +4

  51. Vision-language models for chest radiography do not always need the image

    Jun 16, 2026Mahshad Lotfinia, Sebastian Ziegelmayer, Lisa Adams +4Chest X-RayMedical Vision-Language Models

    Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany · Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM University Clinic, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · Lab for AI in Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany +1

  52. Learning Directional Semantic Transitions for Longitudinal Chest X-ray Analysis

    Jun 14, 2026Zhangfeng Hu, Zefan Yang, Ge Wang +4Chest X-RayLongitudinal Imaging

    Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA · Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

  53. Frozen Foundation-Model Embeddings Discard Small-Lesion Signal in Chest Radiography: Implications for Pre-Deployment Evaluation

    Jun 10, 2026Raajitha Muthyala, Zhenan Yin, Alekhya Jilla +6Chest X-RayFrozen Vision-Language Models

    Department of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Indiana University, 535 W Michigan St., IT 475J, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA · Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

  54. CheXanatomy: Anatomy-Aware Vision-Language Modeling for Chest Radiographs

    Jun 7, 2026Sergios Gatidis, Curtis Langlotz, Christian BluethgenChest X-RayMedical Vision-Language Models

    Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA · Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

  55. A unified multi-task framework enables interpretable chest radiograph analysis

    Jun 2, 2026Lijian Xu, Ziyu Ni, Xinglong Liu +3Radiology Report GenerationChest X-Ray

    Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology · the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong · Lead contact +4

  56. Cross-modal linkage risk in clinical vision-language models

    Jun 1, 2026Soroosh Tayebi Arasteh, Mahshad Lotfinia, Sven Nebelung +1Medical Vision-Language ModelsVision-Language Alignment

    Lab for AI in Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany · Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

  57. PaCX-MAE: Physiology-Augmented Chest X-Ray Masked Autoencoder

    Jun 1, 2026Yancheng Liu, Kenichi Maeda, Manan PancholyChest X-RayCross-Modal Distillation

    Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

  58. Prospective evaluation of multimodal respiratory failure prediction: Do chest X-rays improve performance beyond EHR signals?

    May 25, 2026Xiaolei Lu, Shamim NematiIntensive Care Unit Mortality PredictionChest X-Ray

  59. HalluCXR: Benchmarking and Mitigating Hallucinations in Medical Vision-Language Models for Chest Radiograph Interpretation

    May 19, 2026Haoyu Wang, Zitong LiMedical Vision-Language ModelsChest X-Ray

    Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK

  60. Rethinking Visual Attribution for Chest X-ray Reasoning in Large Vision Language Models

    May 19, 2026Guangzhi Xiong, Qiao Jin, Sanchit Sinha +2Medical Vision-Language ModelsChest X-Ray

    University of Virginia · National Institutes of Health