Multi-View Consistency

Multi-view panoptic segmentation assigns a semantic class and a scene-level instance ID to every pixel of an unordered set of images, and recent feed-forward 3D models predict these labels for the input views in a single forward pass. Their predictions, however, have been evaluated with the scene-level PQ (PQ^scene) borrowed from per-scene optimization methods, typically on rendered held-out views. PQ^scene tiles all views of a scene into a single image, so that a missed appearance or a change of ID lowers the score of the matched pair only in proportion to its area. We propose View-Consistent Panoptic Quality (VC-PQ), which extends PQ from a single image to a set of input views, counts equally every view in which an instance is visible, and penalizes a prediction that is not visible in the same views as its ground truth. A decomposition of VC-PQ attributes the score a method loses to mask accuracy, view consistency, and the matching threshold. A single additional parameter recovers the area weighting of tiling for comparison. Under a fixed evaluation protocol on ScanNet++ and ScanNetv2, recent feed-forward methods are evaluated with VC-PQ and PQ^scene, and the decomposition shows where each of them loses its score. Controlled perturbations of the ground truth show that VC-PQ responds to the number of views in which an instance is missed or changes ID, whereas PQ^scene responds to their area. The aim of this work is to make view consistency part of the evaluation of multi-view panoptic segmentation, with VC-PQ reported alongside PQ^scene.

Sparse view 3D reconstruction is an important and common scenario in multimedia applications, such as augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) content creation, cultural heritage digitization, and certain robotic applications, where only a limited number of randomly captured views may be available. However, sparse views contain only limited 3D information, posing two major challenges:1) too few images are available for matching, making it difficult to build multi-view consistency; 2) insufficient view coverage leads to a lack of information in under-sampled regions, resulting in missing parts of object structure. Existing methods mostly still rely on limited reprojection errors and regularization terms, which are prone to overfitting to a single view and inconsistent appearances across views. In geometrically under-sampled regions, they often rely on heuristic density control, lacking reliable guidance and often resulting in blurring and structural holes.To address these issues, this paper proposes Hierarchical Gaussian Fields (HierGF), which revisits sparse-view reconstruction from a hierarchical geometry-perception perspective and converts limited observations into reliable self-generated supervision beyond fixed priors and heuristic density control. In particular, we transform coarse 3D geometric information and additional 2D generative priors into structured pseudo-supervision through a two-stage geometry-perception backbone network, thereby enhancing multi-view consistency with very few input views. In addition, we introduce a learnable confidence network to guide gradients toward cross-view consistent content, and a geometrically consistent densification module to improve the reconstruction of multi-view alignment and under-sampled regions.

Foundation models are increasingly adopted across a wide range of applications, often serving as core blocks within AI systems. Yet different foundation models may encode the same input from multiple different views, leading to substantial representation disagreement, which we term Rashomon Representation. Such disagreement often signals inputs that a given model encodes in a way inconsistent with other models, offering a valuable yet underexplored signal for input reliability estimation. While prior work has largely focused on measuring disagreement across multiple models with a representation set, we instead focus on predicting disagreement from a single representation. We hypothesize that this disagreement follows some consistent, input-dependent patterns rather than occurring at random. To test this, we quantify disagreement by comparing each sample's nearest neighbors across different models' representation spaces, then train a lightweight predictor that estimates disagreement from a single model's representation. At inference time, given a new input, the predictor uses that input's representation to tell whether it aligns with or diverges from those of other models. Extensive experiments across diverse foundation models and datasets show that representational disagreement is indeed input-dependent, predictable, and generalizable, enabling efficient reliability estimation of foundation models.

Novel view synthesis from sparse images must reconcile faithful reconstruction of observed regions with plausible completion of unseen content, while maintaining world consistency across viewpoints. Existing geometry-based methods preserve observed scene structure but often struggle to complete unseen regions, whereas video generative models offer rich appearance priors but accumulate inconsistencies during sequential view generation. We propose GeoVerse, a framework that synthesizes world-consistent novel views by performing generation within the geometric latent space of a pretrained 3D foundation model and injecting appearance priors from a video generative model. Specifically, GeoVerse extracts multilevel features from Wan2.2 VACE and injects them into the geometric latent diffusion model via a ControlNet-style adapter, incorporating video-learned appearance priors to enhance structural completion. To enforce cross-view coherence, a global spatial memory continuously aggregates observed and synthesized content, reprojecting target-aligned guidance to anchor subsequent predictions to a shared scene representation. Extensive experiments across diverse datasets demonstrate improved visual quality and geometric consistency, with a 2.23 dB higher PSNR on DL3DV and 32.4% lower ATE on Mip-NeRF360 compared to GLD.

Multi-view clustering aims to capture cross-view consistency while exploiting view-specific information. However, shared representations learned to capture cross-view consistency may still retain view-identifying information, potentially compromising the consistency of cross-view clustering structures. To address this issue, we propose ACGRL, an adversarial consistency-guided representation learning framework for multi-view clustering. ACGRL employs a gradient-reversal view discriminator to reduce view identifiability and obtain invariant reference representations. These representations are then frozen to provide fixed references for disentangling view-specific information from cross-view common information in the subsequent learning stage. The fixed reference representations are concatenated with the learned view-specific representations for reconstruction and clustering, with cross-view cluster alignment encouraging consistent clustering assignments. Experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate the superior clustering performance of ACGRL compared with representative multi-view clustering methods.

Real-world driving is inherently multi-agent, yet most existing driving world models generate observations from a single ego vehicle. Independently extending them to multiple vehicles does not ensure that different agents observe a consistent shared world. We present CoDrive, a cross-vehicle, multi-view driving video generation framework that jointly generates observations of vehicles sharing the same dynamic scene with precise camera-trajectory control. CoDrive interleaves local self-attention, which models spatiotemporal dependencies among the views of each vehicle, with global self-attention, which enables information exchange and consistency modeling across vehicles. To explicitly encode their spatial relationships, all camera trajectories are represented in a shared world coordinate system and injected into the attention layers through projective relative positional encoding. We further adopt a progressive mixed-task training strategy that combines large-scale real-world single-agent data with synthetic cross-agent interaction data, allowing the model to benefit from real-world appearance distributions while learning cross-agent consistency from simulation. For systematic evaluation, we introduce CoDrive-Bench, a benchmark covering real and synthetic multi-vehicle scenarios and evaluating trajectory controllability, scene geometry consistency, and instance-level consistency. Experiments show that CoDrive improves trajectory controllability and cross-agent geometric and instance consistency while maintaining competitive visual quality.

Consistent multi-view object segmentation is critical for 3D perception and robotics, yet remains challenging under severe viewpoint and occlusion changes. Existing methods typically perform 3D instance segmentation on point clouds or rely on offline 2D mask-matching pipelines. However, 3D instance segmentation is limited by scarce 3D annotations, while offline 2D matching suffers from object identity ambiguity across frames. To leverage strong 2D and 3D priors jointly, we propose SAM-V (Geometry-Aware Segment Anything for Multi-View Instance Segmentation). Instead of combining the two priors through post-hoc matching, SAM-V directly integrates features from a feed-forward geometry model (VGGT) into a 2D segmentation foundation model (SAM), trained end-to-end for cross-view instance prediction. SAM-V introduces a prompt-fusion mechanism that enriches sparse SAM prompt tokens with view-specific camera tokens and local VGGT features, making the prompt representation both view-aware and spatially grounded, together with a mask decoder that attends to dense 2D and 3D features. By conditioning the mask decoding directly on multi-view geometry, SAM-V produces consistent multi-view segmentation of a prompted object in a single forward pass without offline mask matching or explicit 3D reconstruction. On the IGGT 3D tracking benchmark, where consistent instance identity across frames directly determines performance, SAM-V improves overall IoU by 5 points and frame-level recall by 12 points on the ScanNet++ split over the state-of-the-art multi-view instance segmentation baseline and leads on all metrics in the zero-shot ScanNet split. Our code and pretrained models are available at https://github.com/gong208/SAM-V.git.

Reconstructing 3D scenes under real-world low-light conditions remains challenging due to severe sensor noise, low signal-to-noise ratios, and degraded photometric consistency, which destabilize geometry estimation and novel view synthesis. Existing approaches often rely on well-lit reference data for reliable Structure-from-Motion (SfM) initialization under degraded inputs or apply per-view enhancement methods that introduce cross-view inconsistencies. To address these limitations, we propose \textbf{NOVA-GS}, a unified noise-aware framework for low-light 3D Gaussian Splatting that subsumes enhancement, denoising, and geometry optimization within a single process. Our method leverages VGGT-based feed-forward estimation to obtain robust camera poses and geometry directly from degraded inputs, eliminating the need for SfM. Building on this initialization, NOVA-GS integrates three coupled components: a structure-aware enhancement module for exposure correction, a self-supervised denoising module with blind-spot masking for pseudo-supervision, and a consistency-driven Gaussian Splatting optimization enforcing cross-view geometric coherence. We further introduce a noise-guided spherical harmonic regularization to suppress view-dependent artifacts in noisy regions. Extensive experiments on diverse real-world low-light datasets demonstrate improved geometric fidelity, color consistency, and robustness without requiring paired supervision or well-lit references. https://shaurya2524.github.io/nova-gs/

SceneHI is a framework that lifts high-resolution, illumination-aware priors from 2D diffusion models to perform 3D texture synthesis. It is the first to demonstrate that high-resolution textures, previously limited to 2D synthesis, can be generated directly on 3D objects without model fine-tuning or optimization. Designed for complex, multi-object environments, SceneHI uniquely combines 3D-consistency, high-resolution fidelity, and physically plausible baked shadows within a single generative pipeline. To enforce strict geometric coherence, we introduce an exact analytical pixel-to-texel mapping that aligns diffusion trajectories across multiple viewpoints. We utilize High-Resolution Latent Textures (HRLTs) as a persistent canvas for gradually denoised textures, while camera views perform the denoising steps in latent pixel space. This ensures a shared base texture that can be subsequently refined to high resolution without compromising multi-view consistency. Finally, a light-aware generative pass embeds realistic geometry-consistent shadows directly into the atlases, bridging the gap to production workflows. SceneHI achieves high visual fidelity while reducing generation time by 80% compared to existing scene-level methods.

Multi-view diffusion models have shown strong performance in scenes with strong geometric priors and sparse semantics, such as indoor rooms or simple outdoor environments (e.g., fields, courtyards). However, they often fail to maintain cross-view consistency under camera rotation, especially in structurally complex urban environments. Without explicit modeling of spherical correspondence across views, existing approaches tend to produce object duplication, structural distortion, and layout inconsistency. To address this limitation, we propose StreetDiff, a multi-view diffusion framework that explicitly enforces cross-view alignment during denoising. StreetDiff introduces a Panorama--Perspective Synergy design to decouple global layout reasoning from local detail synthesis, and incorporates a Panorama Alignment Module (PAM) that establishes spherical-projection-based attention constraints across views. By injecting structured alignment constraints without modifying the diffusion backbone, our framework achieves robust cross-view coherence in challenging urban street scene generation tasks. In addition, we construct Street360, a large-scale HDR multi-view urban panorama dataset. Extensive experiments demonstrate that StreetDiff significantly improves structural consistency and visual fidelity compared to prior multi-view diffusion generation methods.

Incomplete multi-view multi-label learning requires not only robust semantic aggregation from partially observed views, but also label-aware exploitation of view-specific evidence. Existing approaches usually emphasize either shared representation learning or decision-level fusion. The former improves robustness against missing views, yet tends to compress label-discriminative view-specific cues into a single latent representation. The latter preserves individual view predictions, but often relies on fixed or globally learned fusion weights, ignoring that different labels of different instances may require different views. To address these limitations, this paper presents V2L, a unified representation-decision framework for incomplete multi-view multi-label classification. On the representation side, V2L constructs semantically consistent variational posteriors from incomplete views through a perturbation-aware encoding mechanism, which provides a stable shared semantic basis. On the decision side, V2L introduces an active view-label relevance modeling strategy that estimates instance-wise and label-wise view contributions, allowing each label prediction to adaptively select useful view-specific evidence. From the perspective of model architecture, these two important strategies are integrated into a unified framework through a hybrid fusion architecture, simultaneously meeting the requirements of cross-view semantic consistency and representational complementarity. Extensive experiments under both incomplete and complete settings show that V2L achieves leading performance on five benchmarks. Code is available at: https://github.com/justsmart/V2L.

Reflective smartphone cover glass is challenging to inspect from a single fixed viewpoint because defect visibility varies with viewing geometry and specular reflections. This gives rise to two practical challenges: defects may be weakly observable from certain viewpoints, while the available visual evidence may remain spatially ambiguous. To address these issues, we propose a multi-view inspection framework in which each RGB observation is processed by a shared per-view expert. A vision-language model (VLM) produces class-aware semantic boxes, while a normal-reference reconstruction branch provides class-agnostic saliency. Their spatial agreement is used as supporting evidence to rank semantic proposals without modifying their coordinates or treating saliency as ground truth. The resulting evidence records are combined at product level without cross-view registration. On 282 production-line images, semantic-saliency association improves $AP_{50}$ from 52.6% to 62.6% by re-ranking fixed semantic proposals. Across 94 products, cross-view evidence recall $R_{\rm prod}@0.5$ increases from 75.5% for the best single view to 88.3% using all three views. These results support the complementary roles of semantic-saliency cross-verification and additional optical observations in reflective-surface inspection.

Reference-guided stylization of scenes represented by 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) is important for efficient and controllable 3D content creation. Existing VGG-feature-based 3D stylization methods provide stable rendered-view optimization, but often under-represent expressive reference style cues; diffusion models offer stronger image priors, yet direct per-view or score-based diffusion guidance can lead to view drift, local artifacts, and hard-to-control appearance updates. We present DReSG, a 3D-grounded residual-feedback framework for stylized Gaussian splatting. DReSG represents attention-guided diffusion proposals as residual targets relative to the current render, and progressively absorbs these residuals into a shared Gaussian scene through multi-view Gaussian feedback. To make this feedback stable and controllable, DReSG modulates residual strength during target construction and combines coverage-aware view selection with conflict-filtered color updates during multi-view fitting. Extensive experiments demonstrate that DReSG achieves competitive reference-guided stylization while better preserving scene structure and cross-view stability. Our project page is available at https://vpx-ecnu.github.io/DReSG-website/.

Foundational visual features such as DINO have played a critical role across modern computer vision, and have recently become key components in multi-view feed-forward geometry estimators. In this work, we demonstrate that by re-distilling these multi-view models---their internal knowledge of 3D geometry---into a single-view estimator, we can obtain enhanced 3D consistent foundational features. Our key idea is to construct a multi-view teacher by fusing pretrained 2D foundation features with multi-view geometric features, and refining the fused representation with a discriminative ranking objective. Through our discriminative distillation framework, we enforce the learned features to be both 3D consistent and locally distinctive, while keeping them aligned with the feature space of the original foundation model to preserve the semantic structure of the pretrained representation. Consistency and local discriminability are critical for 3D computer vision problems such as forming semantic and geometric correspondences across images. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we perform comprehensive experiments spanning multiple angles: direct feature analysis, dense prediction transfer, and explicit 3D lifting and rendering. Across these evaluations, our method consistently produces stronger 3D-aware foundation features that improve multi-view consistency and local discriminability while preserving the semantic transferability of the original representation.

Geometry-conditioned multi-view diffusion enables high-quality 3D texture generation, but its repeated per-view denoiser evaluations introduce substantial computational cost. Existing training-free accelerators primarily exploit temporal redundancy by reusing computation across denoising steps. In multi-view texturing, however, skipping a step also removes the cross-view interaction that continually aligns different observations of the same surface, leading to rapidly degraded consistency and fidelity. Our analysis identifies a complementary source of redundancy: although intermediate features remain view-specific, geometrically corresponding surface points exhibit transferable evolution in their predicted clean signals. Based on this observation, we introduce \gc{}, a training-free plugin that evaluates a rotating subset of anchor views and transports their geometry-aligned per-step $\xz$ updates to the remaining views. Periodic full-view computation controls accumulated error, while sampler-consistent reconstruction preserves the denoising trajectory. \gc{} requires neither retraining nor architectural modification and uses the position maps already available in geometry-conditioned texturing pipelines. Across Hunyuan3D-2.1, SyncMVD, and MVPainter, \gc{} achieves a stronger speed--fidelity trade-off than temporal caches and step reduction at operating points above $2\times$. On Hunyuan3D-2.1, it delivers a $2.21\times$ denoiser-loop speedup with an MV-LPIPS of 0.0293 and an MV-PSNR of 33.60 dB, providing the best fidelity among all tested methods above $2\times$. The same transferred configuration reaches the highest speedup and lowest FLOPs on SyncMVD, while \gc{} achieves the lowest FLOPs and best fidelity among the accelerated methods on MVPainter. These results establish cross-view geometry as an effective acceleration axis for multi-view texture diffusion.

Recent Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) predict depth, camera pose, and pointmap in a single forward pass without per-scene optimization, achieving strong generalization. However, enforcing explicit multi-view geometric consistency, e.g., through bundle adjustment, is computationally costly and is thus not imposed during VFM pretraining, so such inconsistency can arise. To address this, implicit self-consistency derived from model outputs (e.g., pointmaps, features), though enforced at test-time in prior work, delivers inherently limited performance gain, especially on scenes where the pretrained VFM is highly inaccurate. In contrast to this implicit signal, we propose Self-Geometry, a plug-and-play test-time adaptation pipeline that directly imposes explicit multi-view geometric constraints using 2D pixel correspondences as pseudo ground-truth. Our proposed Self-Geometry consists of Geometric Disentanglement Optimization, which combines Multi-View Consistency and Epipolar Consistency losses with Gradient Disentanglement to prevent gradient conflict; Frame Angular-Neighbor, a view sampler based on SO(3) geodesic distances for lightly imposing these constraints; and Lightweight TTA, which adapts VFMs via LoRA. Our method achieves consistent improvements in both pose and geometry estimation across six VFMs (VGGT, $π^3$, DA3-Giant/Large/Base/Small) and four benchmarks (7Scenes, ETH3D, ScanNet++, HiRoom).

Free-viewpoint 3D scene media is increasingly important for immersive applications, yet practical capture often suffers from severe view sparsity and motion blur. Although neural rendering has advanced sparse-view synthesis, existing blur-aware methods typically require substantial multi-view redundancy, accurate camera poses, or costly per-scene optimization. We address a stringent yet practical setting: reconstructing a coherent 3D scene from only two motion-blurred images with known intrinsics, without input-view poses, auxiliary sharp images, or per-scene test-time optimization. To this end, we propose CasDeblurGS, a cascaded framework that progressively recovers reliable cross-view information from local 2D correspondences to global 3D guidance. Stage 1 constructs locally reliable guidance through occlusion-aware correspondence filtering, while Stage 2 aggregates the intermediate restorations into a provisional pose-free 3D Gaussian representation whose input-view re-renders provide dense global guidance for final restoration. The resulting views enable a more coherent 3D representation and higher-quality novel-view synthesis. Experiments on real-world and synthetic Deblur-NeRF scenes show consistent gains over strong baselines, improving PSNR by 1.19 dB and 2.11 dB, respectively. Progressive ablations, cross-view correspondence visualization, and camera reprojection analysis further demonstrate improvements in both rendering quality and multi-view geometric consistency.

Cross-view geo-localization is challenging due to drastic viewpoint changes and large appearance discrepancies between street-level and satellite imagery. Although existing methods often use geometric warping to expose co-visible cues, such transformations rely on restrictive spatial assumptions and inevitably introduce severe visual distortions under view-dependent visibility, yielding noisy supervision and fragile correspondences. To overcome this, we propose a novel joint-view consensus-guided learning framework that entirely bypasses explicit geometric warping. Instead of forcing rigid spatial alignment, we dynamically mine and adaptively strengthen a semantic consensus directly within the feature space. Specifically, an auxiliary joint-view pathway during training enables direct cross-view interaction, allowing each view to selectively aggregate corroborative evidence into a unified consensus representation. To resolve feature heterogeneity among the single- and joint-view streams, we introduce global pattern probes acting as a semantic dictionary to project divergent modalities into a strictly aligned metric space. Guided by a consensus-mediated contrastive objective, single-view embeddings are explicitly pulled toward the joint-view anchor during training, distilling this consensus-mining capability into the single-view encoders for robust retrieval at inference. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance across four standard benchmarks, underscoring the importance of discovering cross-view semantic consensus for reliable geo-localization.

Vision-language-action (VLA) policies fine-tuned from a fixed scene camera can fail when the camera is moved, even when the task, objects, language, and robot state are unchanged. We study scene-camera viewpoint robustness using only a scene RGB image, language, and proprioception, without camera labels, extrinsics, depth, or point-cloud inputs. The wrist stream is masked throughout to prevent an unperturbed visual shortcut from confounding attribution to scene-camera variation. For flow-based VLAs, we propose to regularize the action-flow velocity field, the quantity directly integrated to generate continuous action chunks. We construct action-equivalent view pairs by resetting original LIBERO demonstrations to the same MuJoCo state and rendering nominal and perturbed scene-camera views. Both views are supervised by flow matching, while a cross-view loss encourages their predicted action-flow velocities to agree at the same sampled flow coordinates. On the LIBERO-Plus camera-perturbation track, our method reaches 87.2$\pm$0.4% (4,797 rollouts per seed across 3 training seeds), +7.4pp over flow-matching-only training on the same paired data (79.8$\pm$0.8%, also 3 seeds) and +12.5pp over naive mixed-camera SFT, while maintaining nominal-camera ID performance (95.0$\pm$0.8%; same-data FM-only: 95.0$\pm$4.3%). A shuffled-pair control collapses to 25.8%, showing that the gain depends on action-equivalent pairing. On a real robot, we evaluate three tabletop tasks with 10 rollouts per task and camera placement; held-out-camera success improves from 53.3% to 74.4% under the same single-scene-RGB inference interface.

Current video world models struggle in multiplayer environments because they entangle world state with view-dependent visual latents, leading to redundant compute, view inconsistencies, and poor scalability. We propose MASS (Multiplayer world models with Authoritative Shared State) to resolve this limitation. Inspired by multiplayer game architectures, MASS disentangles world dynamics and view rendering. A learned Logic Engine advances a global, authoritative typed state from joint actions without any hand-written transition function, acting as the sole recurrent memory and synchronization reference. From this shared state, a learned Rendering Engine generates independent and consistent views for any requested camera on demand. This explicit disentangling allows MASS to achieve superior state accuracy and lower cross-view inconsistency compared to state-of-the-art multi-view baselines on a matched multiplayer Snake benchmark. It advances predicted worlds with 1,024 concurrent players for 10,000 recurrent steps. Our results show that explicit, authoritative state modeling provides a practical foundation for scalable and consistent multi-agent world simulation.

Scientific machine learning commonly validates models at the level of a subdomain, a benchmark split, or an explanation for one prediction. Yet such local checks cannot establish whether the resulting explanations can be assembled into one globally admissible explanation. We introduce Scientific Explanation-Admissibility Machines (SEAM), a generator-agnostic framework that makes this local-to-global consistency question computable across regions, sensors, regimes, and model components. The finite explanation-sheaf instantiation SEAM-$Ω$ represents each region by a structured explanation with state, closure, and observation channels together with optional contract metadata; compares neighboring explanations on their overlaps; and converts disagreement into a channel-resolved obstruction. This obstruction locates inconsistency and tests competing declared accounts by restricting each repair to the revisions that one account permits. Exact feasibility refutes or retains an account; when exact repair is unavailable, residual-aware regularized records provide a separately labeled empirical attribution. The framework also separates inconsistency from non-identifiability and monitors learned generators under distribution shift. We establish theorems for minimum-cost intervention and conservation-contract detectability, together with companion results for identifiability and closure recoverability. Across nineteen experiments involving synthetic partial differential equation systems and out-of-distribution Fourier neural operator (FNO) monitoring, SEAM detects incompatible explanations even when local predictions are accurate, and attributes failures to specific channels and overlaps. SEAM adds a global explanation-consistency audit to existing solvers and learning models, testing whether their local explanations form a coherent scientific account.

As chart images, tabular data, and visualization code play increasingly important roles across diverse domains, cross-representation understanding across these modalities poses fundamental challenges for AI systems: the relationships across representations are inherently \textit{one-to-many}, supervision is ambiguous and costly, and model optimization lacks a principled signal that is both direction-adaptive and representation-generalizable beyond task-specific objectives. We introduce CoCoEvolve to improve consistency across chart, table, and code representations. Instead of treating cross-representation mapping as a one-to-many problem, we define explicit one-to-one correspondences and optimize models using agreement between representations, without additional annotations. During training, CoCoEvolve@Train performs co-evolution across the chart-table-code cycle, while CoCoEvolve@Test applies the same consistency objective at inference time for test-time co-optimization. We also present CoCoEvolve@Eval, an evaluation suite covering all six cross-representation tasks. Across four benchmarks, CoCoEvolve improves performance in both training-time and test-time settings. Our project page: https://xhguo7.github.io/CoCoEvolve/.

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong generalization in robotic manipulation, yet complex contact-rich tasks often benefit from multi-camera observations that jointly capture the end effector, objects, and targets under occlusion. Existing multi-camera VLAs usually concatenate view tokens, leaving action representations weak in metric depth and inconsistent across cameras. We introduce Multi-View Unified Camera Fields (MVUCF), a training-only framework that forms a shared action-facing latent field across views. A coordinate-query depth objective makes metric depth recoverable, while a preprocessing-aware correspondence objective aligns tokens observing the same physical point from different cameras. Both directly shape the hidden states consumed by the action module. After geometry injection, depth, camera calibration, and auxiliary heads are removed, so deployment uses the original RGB-only graph with no extra inference FLOPs. Held-out probes confirm stronger depth recovery and cross-view matching. Under matched GR00T-N1.6 settings, MVUCF reaches 98.9% on LIBERO, improves LIBERO-Plus by 22.4 points, and raises success by 23.3 points across six RoboTwin tasks spanning three action families: touch, move-and-place, and contact interaction. Real-world humanoid experiments further provide evidence of its practical effectiveness under RGB-only deployment.

We propose OC-VLA++, an extension of OC-VLA for viewpoint generalization under limited camera coverage. While OC-VLA grounds robot actions in the camera coordinate system to align action supervision with visual observations, camera-space grounding alone can still overfit to the few viewpoints observed during training. OC-VLA++ addresses this limitation by introducing geometry-guided paired-view supervision and an explicit cross-view action-equivariance objective. Given paired observations of the same manipulation scene from geometrically related viewpoints, the model is trained such that their camera-space predictions correspond to the same robot-frame action. This objective explicitly supervises how action predictions should transform across viewpoints, rather than relying solely on image-level augmentation. Experiments demonstrate substantial improvements in unseen-view generalization under limited camera coverage, with performance degrading more gracefully under increasing camera displacement. These results establish cross-view action equivariance as an effective complement to observation-centric action grounding for robust real-world deployment.

Architectural drawings violate the usual assumption behind multi-view reasoning: plans and sections are cuts, while elevations are facade projections, so corresponding components change appearance in ways camera motion cannot explain. We introduce CrossProjection, an anchor-grounded diagnostic of whether vision-language models preserve component identity and externalize geometry across heterogeneous architectural views. It evaluates Matching, Registration, and Geometric Grounding through categorical judgments, candidate selection, and free point, line, and region localization. Across 23 real drawing sets and 1,954 categorical conditions per model, GPT-5.5 scores 82.4%, Qwen3-VL-32B-Instruct 62.2%, and GLM-4.5V 57.2%. A matched 200-target study crosses natural and vector-text-suppressed drawings with closed-candidate and free-geometry outputs. Candidate-supported performance is often higher, but free localization remains fragile: on natural drawings, point/region [email protected] is 54-76% for GPT, 8-10% for Qwen, and 14-36% for GLM; line endpoint [email protected] is 22%, 4%, and 0%. A coordinate grid recovers some GPT point/region precision but not lines. Three architecture-trained participants reach 87.3-93.3% categorical accuracy and 76-92% GT-region hit, supporting task feasibility rather than a population-level human ceiling. Because the categorical families do not form a same-item Matching-Registration contrast and interface controls alter multiple burdens, we avoid mechanistic claims. The supported conclusion is narrower: closed-choice or marked-element success does not entail reliable explicit geometric grounding. For drawing-guided CAD/BIM systems, categorical correctness should not be treated as evidence of candidate-free spatial reliability. Reusable on-sheet anchors, fixed-denominator scoring, and hash-locked artifacts establish an audit trail for this gap.

In recent years, multi-view clustering has attracted widespread research interest. However, due to limitations in data collection devices, data across different views often suffer from misalignment, leading to the partial view alignment problem (PVAP). To mitigate the impact of view asymmetry and irrelevant samples, this paper proposes a framework for partial multi-view clustering via dual alignment and structure enhancement (DAS-PMVC), which leverages view structure consistency and semantic relevance. Specifically, DAS-PMVC includes three parts: \textbf{anchor graph structure alignment}, where sample joint embedding representations with consistent latent space are derived from anchor point relationships for initial view alignment; \textbf{structure-enhanced feature learning}, where the model learns view structure information through pretraining and combines multi-view graph convolutional networks to further extract deep latent features from the aligned graph structure to improve the discriminative power of representations; and \textbf{a dual alignment strategy}, where initial alignment is performed through the anchor graph in the pretraining phase, and contrastive learning loss and the Hungarian algorithm are introduced in the training phase to further optimize the alignment of latent features. Experimental results on various datasets demonstrate that the DAS-PMVC framework outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in clustering performance, showcasing its effectiveness and superiority.

Wikipedia and Wikidata are widely used for information access, LLM pre-training, and retrieval-augmented generation. Their knowledge is deeply connected but scattered across text, tables, and knowledge graphs. This raises a practical question: when these modalities disagree, how can we detect and explain the conflict? We study this problem as modality-level inconsistency detection. We first introduce a taxonomy of cross-modal knowledge inconsistencies, covering information granularity differences, direct conflicts, temporal changes, and KG incompleteness. We then present Kontrast, an automatic framework that uses Text-to-SPARQL and LLM reasoning to compare table-based answers with KG evidence and categorize the resulting inconsistencies. Experiments on various Table-QA datasets show that cross-modal inconsistencies are common and informative. They reveal not only true knowledge conflicts, but also missing KG structure and temporal mismatches while being limited by Text-to-SPARQL errors and noise. Our analysis shows that text, tables, and KGs can complement and correct one another through systematic comparison. Kontrast provides a practical tool for large-scale knowledge auditing and establishes a benchmark for future work on cross-modal knowledge consistency. Code and data are available at https://github.com/ECLADATTA/KONTRAST.

Random Vector Functional Link (RVFL) networks provide an efficient randomized learning framework for classification. Existing multi-view RVFL methods utilize complementary information from multiple views. However, preserving view-specific geometric structure, limiting the influence of large prediction residuals, and modeling relationships between multiple views remain challenging. This paper proposes a Residual-Coupled Graph-Embedded Multi-View RVFL model with fleXi guardian loss (XGRVFL-MV) for multi-view classification. The proposed model constructs RVFL representation for each view, incorporates graph embedding with intrinsic and penalty graphs constructed using the Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis weighting scheme. It also uses the bounded and asymmetric FleXi Guardian (XG) loss for residual learning. A residual-coupling term is introduced to encourage consistency among view-specific prediction residuals while preserving view-specific representations. The resulting optimization problem is solved using an inversion-free first-order optimization procedure based on Nesterov accelerated gradient descent. We evaluate the proposed model on UCI, KEEL, AwA, and Corel5k benchmark datasets. Experimental results, together with statistical analyses and hyperparameter sensitivity analyses, show that XGRVFL-MV achieves competitive classification performance compared with the baseline methods across the evaluated benchmark datasets.

Recent advances in 3D scene editing have leveraged iterative diffusion models to update input views. However, this process is computationally expensive and struggles to produce sharp details. Meanwhile, ``hallucination drift'' frequently introduces multi-view inconsistencies, leading to structural artifacts when rendering novel viewpoints. To address this problem, we present 3D-GIMP (3D Gaussian Inpainting Meets Patch Matching), a novel hybrid paradigm designed for high-fidelity object removal in 3D Gaussian Splatting. Instead of diffusing every view, 3D-GIMP performs a single generative inpainting on a key reference view, which serves as an appearance prior. We then introduce a 3D-aware PatchMatch algorithm to propagate these reference textures across all remaining views via correspondence matching, effectively bypassing the stochastic nature of frame-by-frame diffusion. By prioritizing reconstructive consistency over iterative generation, 3D-GIMP maintains high-frequency details across arbitrary resolutions while ensuring a mathematically consistent 3D reconstruction. Our experiments demonstrate that 3D-GIMP not only achieves competitive inpainting quality as previous methods using diffusion in multiple views, but also outperforms these methods in rendering speed and view consistency.

Text-driven 3D scene editing with 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) typically applies a 2D diffusion editor to views rendered from fixed training cameras, limiting both the spatial coverage of edits and the user's freedom to target specific objects in complex scenes. We present LB-Edit, a framework that addresses two coupled problems: where to place editing cameras for localized edits, and how to make per-view edits agree with one another so that the 3D scene remains consistent after fine-tuning. First, Attention-Guided Editing Camera Placement (ACP) probes the diffusion model's self- and cross-attention at multiple candidate camera distances to find where attention is well-contained in the region of interest, then places a compact, geometrically diverse editing camera set at that attention-optimal distance. Second, Multi-view Attention Alignment (MAA) steers the editor toward the same edit across views along two axes: it aligns appearance by sharing self-attention features via token-level correspondence, and aligns spatial location by lifting cross-attention maps onto the 3D Gaussians as a shared 3D attention field, suppressing both appearance and spatial drift. Experiments on multi-object and single-object scenes show that our method achieves the highest user preference in instruction fidelity, multi-view consistency, and editing locality, using as few as 5 editing views and reducing latency by up to 7x over existing methods.