Neural Surrogate Modeling

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Overview

Neural surrogate modeling replaces repeated calls to expensive simulators with learned approximations of physical fields, system dynamics, or quantities of interest, making tasks such as design search, control, and Bayesian inference more practical. Common approaches include neural operators for PDE solution maps, graph neural networks for meshes and networks, reduced-order latent models, and physics-informed or hybrid models that combine learned components with governing equations. Researchers also use multi-fidelity training, active learning, and probabilistic models to reduce data needs and estimate uncertainty. A central challenge is that good one-step or in-distribution accuracy does not guarantee stable long rollouts, reliable extrapolation, physical consistency, or improved downstream decisions; classical solvers remain important when stringent accuracy and verification are required.

Latest papers

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418 papers45 papers in the last four weeks, down 15% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

  1. Deep Clustering based Boundary-Decoder Net for Inter and Intra Layer Stress Prediction of Heterogeneous Integrated IC Chip

    Feb 25, 2026Kart Leong Lim, Ji LinNeural Surrogate ModelingStructural Mechanics

    Institute of Microelectronics (IME), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-02, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore

  2. ABM-UDE: Developing Surrogates for Epidemic Agent-Based Models via Scientific Machine Learning

    Feb 25, 2026Sharv Murgai, Utkarsh Utkarsh, Kyle C. Nguyen +3Neural Surrogate ModelingEpidemic Forecasting

    Monta Vista High School · MIT CSAIL · Sandia National Laboratories

  3. PowerModelsGAT-AI: Physics-Informed Graph Attention for Multi-System Power Flow with Continual Learning

    Feb 24, 2026Chidozie Ezeakunne, Jose E. Tabarez, Reeju Pokharel +1Physics-Informed GNNsPower Systems

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA · Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA

  4. GeoPT: Scaling Physics Simulation via Lifted Geometric Pre-Training

    Feb 23, 2026Haixu Wu, Minghao Guo, Zongyi Li +4Physics-Based SimulationNeural Surrogate Modeling

    MIT CSAIL · Tsinghua University

  5. A Deep Surrogate Model for Robust and Generalizable Long-Term Blast Wave Prediction

    Feb 20, 2026Danning Jing, Xinhai Chen, Xifeng Pu +5Neural Surrogate ModelingSpatiotemporal Forecasting

    National Key Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China · Laboratory of Digitizing Software for Frontier Equipment, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China · College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China +2

  6. Stable Long-Horizon Spatiotemporal Prediction on Meshes Using Latent Multiscale Recurrent Graph Neural Networks

    Feb 20, 2026Lionel Salesses, Larbi Arbaoui, Tariq Benamara +2Spatiotemporal ForecastingNeural Surrogate Modeling

    Cenaero, Gosselies, Belgium

  7. Deep Reinforcement Learning for Optimizing Energy Consumption in Smart Grid Systems

    Feb 20, 2026Abeer Alsheikhi, Amirfarhad Farhadi, Azadeh ZamanifarSample-Efficient RLPower Systems

    School of Computer Engineering, Iran university of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran · Department of Computer Engineering, SR.C, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran

  8. PINEAPPLE: Physics-Informed Neuro-Evolution Algorithm for Prognostic Parameter Inference in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

    Feb 20, 2026Karkulali Pugalenthi, Jian Cheng Wong, Qizheng Yang +4Parameter EstimationLithium-Ion Batteries

    Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 5 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 636732, Singapore · Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138632, Singapore · Department of Mathematics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China +3

  9. Generating adversarial inputs for a graph neural network model of AC power flow

    Feb 20, 2026Robert ParkerNeural Surrogate ModelingGraph Neural Networks

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA

  10. Solving and learning advective multiscale Darcian dynamics with the Neural Basis Method

    Feb 19, 2026Yuhe Wang, Min WangNeural PDE SolversPhysics-Informed ML

    Institute for Scientific Computation, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA · Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA

  11. Alpha-RF: Automated RF-Filter-Circuit Design with Neural Simulator and Reinforcement Learning

    Feb 18, 2026Nhat Tran, Chenjie Hao, Alexander Stameroff +2Electronic Design AutomationNeural Surrogate Modeling

    University of California, Davis · Keysight Technologies, Inc.

  12. A comparative study of transformer models and recurrent neural networks for path-dependent composite materials

    Feb 17, 2026Petter Uvdal, Mohsen MirkhalafNeural Surrogate ModelingRecurrent Neural Networks

    Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden

  13. Refine Now, Query Fast: A Decoupled Refinement Paradigm for Implicit Neural Fields

    Feb 16, 2026Tianyu Xiong, Skylar Wurster, Han-Wei ShenImplicit Neural RepresentationsNeural Surrogate Modeling

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, USA · Adobe San Francisco, CA, USA

  14. Gradient Networks for Universal Magnetic Modeling of Synchronous Machines

    Feb 16, 2026Junyi Li, Tim Foissner, Floran Martin +2Neural Surrogate Modeling

    Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland · ABB Oy, Drives, 00380 Helsinki, Finland

  15. Neural Neural Scaling Laws

    Jan 27, 2026Michael Y. Hu, Jane Pan, Ayush Rajesh Jhaveri +2Language Model Performance PredictionLanguage Model Scaling Laws

    New York University

  16. AllShowers: One model for all calorimeter showers

    Jan 16, 2026Thorsten Buss, Henry Day-Hall, Frank Gaede +2Neural Surrogate ModelingGenerative Modeling

    Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany · Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany

  17. Point-Group Equivariant Neural Networks for Local Dynamics in Lattice Systems

    Jan 7, 2026Yunhao Fan, Gia-Wei ChernEquivariant Neural NetworksNeural Surrogate Modeling

    Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA

  18. GeoTransolver: Learning Physics on Irregular Domains Using Multi-scale Geometry Aware Physics Attention Transformer

    Dec 23, 2025Corey Adams, Rishikesh Ranade, Ram Cherukuri +1Neural Surrogate ModelingStructural Mechanics

    NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, US

  19. Tracking large chemical reaction networks and rare events by neural networks

    Dec 11, 2025Jiayu Weng, Xinyi Zhu, Jing Liu +3Dynamical SystemsNeural Surrogate Modeling

    Institute of Data Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong · Department of Systems Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China · School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China +6

  20. CarBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Neural Surrogates on High-Fidelity 3D Car Aerodynamics

    Nov 25, 2025Mohamed Elrefaie, Dule Shu, Matt Klenk +1Automotive AerodynamicsNeural Surrogate Modeling

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA · Schwarzman College of Computing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA · Future Product Innovation, Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, USA

  21. Hard-constraint physics-residual networks for hydrogen crossover prediction and high-pressure extrapolation in PEM water electrolysis

    Nov 8, 2025Yong-Woon Kim, Jihyeok Lee, Chulung Kang +1Neural Surrogate ModelingPhysics-Informed ML

    Department of Computer Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea · Faculty of Applied Energy System, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea · Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea +1

  22. Climate Surrogates for Scalable Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study with CICERO-SCM

    Oct 9, 2025Oskar Bohn Lassen, Serio Angelo Maria Agriesti, Filipe Rodrigues +2Neural Surrogate ModelingSurrogate Modeling

    Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

  23. RheOFormer: A generative transformer model for simulation of complex fluids and flows

    Oct 1, 2025Maedeh Saberi, Amir Barati Farimani, Safa JamaliNeural Surrogate ModelingTransformer

    Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA · Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA

  24. ArchesClimate: Probabilistic Decadal Ensemble Generation With Flow Matching

    Sep 19, 2025Graham Clyne, Guillaume Couairon, Guillaume Gastineau +2Neural Surrogate ModelingClimate Science

    ARCHES, INRIA, Paris, France · UMR LOCEAN, IPSL, Sorbonne Universit´e, IRD, CNRS, MNHN, Paris, France · Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, USA

  25. RF-Informed Graph Neural Networks for Accurate and Data-Efficient Circuit Performance Prediction

    Aug 22, 2025Anahita Asadi, Leonid Popryho, Inna Partin-VaisbandNeural Surrogate ModelingGraph Neural Networks

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA

  26. AneumoBench: A Source-Linked Benchmark for Synthetic-Geometry Transfer in Aneurysm CFD

    May 19, 2025Xigui Li, Yuanye Zhou, Feiyang Xiao +16Neural Surrogate ModelingSynthetic Data Pretraining

    Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Incubation Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Academy of Artificial Intelligence for Science, Shanghai, China · Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China +1

  27. From Theory to Application: A Practical Introduction to Neural Operators in Scientific Computing

    Mar 7, 2025Prashant K. JhaNeural Surrogate ModelingFourier Neural Operator

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.

  28. A-UTE: Advection Informed, Uncertainty Aware Temperature Emulator

    Oct 29, 2024Hira Saleem, Cormac Purcell, Steven Sherwood +1Climate EmulationNeural Surrogate Modeling

    University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia