Neuroimaging

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Overview

Neuroimaging studies the brain using modalities such as MRI, functional MRI, diffusion imaging, PET, EEG, and MEG, to understand brain organization and support diagnosis and treatment. Methods range from image registration, segmentation, and signal modeling to machine learning that predicts clinical outcomes or decodes responses to stimuli; newer work also combines modalities and models brain changes over time. Self-supervised and foundation models, generative methods, and graph-based analyses are being explored to make better use of large, heterogeneous datasets and capture brain structure and dynamics. A central challenge is whether gains on familiar datasets generalize across scanners, sites, and populations while producing reliable, interpretable results that can be validated in clinical settings.

Latest papers

CardsList

235 papers30 papers in the last four weeks, up 15% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Chaos-Enhanced Prototypical Networks for Few-Shot Medical Image Classification

    Apr 19, 2026Chinthakuntla Meghan Sai, Murarisetty V Sai Kartheek, Sita Devi Bharatula +1Prototype-Based ClassificationBrain Tumor Classification

    Department of ECE, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Vengal, Chennai, 601103, Tamil Nadu, India. · Hydronium Energies Limited, Bristol, London, England.

  2. A Two-Stage Multi-Modal MRI Framework for Lifespan Brain Age Prediction

    Apr 17, 2026Dingyi Zhang, Ruiying Liu, Yun WangBrain Age PredictionNeuroimaging

    Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA · Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

  3. CLIMB: Controllable Longitudinal Brain Image Generation using Mamba-based Latent Diffusion Model and Gaussian-aligned Autoencoder

    Apr 17, 2026Duy-Phuong Dao, Muhammad Taqiyuddin, Jahae Kim +4Latent Diffusion ModelsLongitudinal Medical Image Analysis

    Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, South Korea · Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University, South Korea · University of South Australia, Australia +2

  4. Improved Multiscale Structural Mapping with Supervertex Vision Transformer for the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration

    Apr 16, 2026Geonwoo Baek, David H. Salat, Ikbeom JangAlzheimer's DiseaseVision Transformer

    Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA · Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA +1

  5. Seeing the imagined: latent functional alignment in visual imagery decoding from fMRI data

    Apr 15, 2026Fabrizio Spera, Tommaso Boccato, Michal Olak +2Neural DecodingVisual Neuroscience

    Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy · Tether Evo · A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA

  6. Continual Learning for fMRI-Based Brain Disorder Diagnosis via Functional Connectivity Matrices Generative Replay

    Apr 15, 2026Qianyu Chen, Shujian YuContinual LearningReplay-Based Continual Learning

    †Nanyang Technological University · ‡VU Amsterdam · §UiT The Arctic University of Norway

  7. Brain-DiT: A Universal Multi-state fMRI Foundation Model with Metadata-Conditioned Pretraining

    Apr 14, 2026Junfeng Xia, Wenhao Ye, Xuanye Pan +3Medical Imaging Foundation ModelsDiffusion Transformer

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, China · School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, China

  8. A Dual Cross-Attention Graph Learning Framework For Multimodal MRI-Based Major Depressive Disorder Detection

    Apr 11, 2026Nojod M. Alotaibi, Areej M. AlhothaliDepression DetectionMultimodal Fusion

    Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  9. Neuro-Oracle: A Trajectory-Aware Agentic RAG Framework for Interpretable Epilepsy Surgical Prognosis

    Apr 10, 2026Aizierjiang Aiersilan, Mohamad KoubeissiClinical Outcome PredictionRetrieval-Augmented Generation

    The George Washington University

  10. Meta-learning In-Context Enables Training-Free Cross Subject Brain Decoding

    Apr 9, 2026Mu Nan, Muquan Yu, Weijian Mai +12fMRI-Based Visual DecodingNeural Decoding

    University of Hong Kong · Shenzhen Loop Area Institute · Chinese University of Hong Kong +5

  11. Shift- and stretch-invariant non-negative matrix factorization with an application to brain tissue delineation in emission tomography data

    Apr 9, 2026Anders S. Olsen, Miriam L. Navarro, Claus Svarer +3Non-Negative Matrix FactorizationMedical Imaging

    Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark · Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark · Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark +1

  12. MLE-Toolbox: An Open-Source Toolbox for Comprehensive EEG and MEG Data Analysis

    Apr 8, 2026Xiaobo LiuMagnetoencephalographyNeuroimaging

    McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

  13. Hierarchical Mesh Transformers with Topology-Guided Pretraining for Morphometric Analysis of Brain Structures

    Apr 6, 2026Yujian Xiong, Mohammad Farazi, Yanxi Chen +8Medical Image Representation Learning3D Representation Learning

    Arizona State University · University of Southern California · Banner Health +1

  14. Modality-Aware and Anatomical Vector-Quantized Autoencoding for Multimodal Brain MRI

    Apr 6, 2026Mingjie Li, Edward Kim, Yue Zhao +2Vector-Quantized Variational AutoencoderMedical Image Representation Learning

    Stanford University

  15. Learning Structural-Functional Brain Representations through Multi-Scale Adaptive Graph Attention for Cognitive Insight

    Mar 31, 2026Badhan Mazumder, Sir-Lord Wiafe, Aline Kotoski +2Brain Network AnalysisMultimodal Graph Learning

    Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University · Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University · Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University

  16. D-GATNet: Interpretable Temporal Graph Attention Learning for ADHD Identification Using Dynamic Functional Connectivity

    Mar 27, 2026Qurat Ul Ain, Alptekin Temizel, Soyiba JawedDynamic Functional ConnectivityClassification

    Department of Computer and Software Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan · Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey

  17. Implicit neural representations for larval zebrafish brain microscopy: a reproducible benchmark on the MapZebrain atlas

    Mar 26, 2026Agnieszka PregowskaImplicit Neural RepresentationsImage Reconstruction

    Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5B, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland

  18. NeuroVLM-Bench: Evaluation of Vision-Enabled Large Language Models for Clinical Reasoning in Neurological Disorders

    Mar 25, 2026Katarina Trojachanec Dineva, Stefan Andonov, Ilinka Ivanoska +5Medical VLMsMultimodal Model Evaluation

    Faculty of computer science and engineering, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia.

  19. Modeling Spatiotemporal Neural Frames for High Resolution Brain Dynamic

    Mar 25, 2026Wanying Qu, Jianxiong Gao, Wei Wang +1NeuroimagingImage Reconstruction

    Fudan University · Southern University of Science and Technology · Shanghai Innovation Institute

  20. NeuroSeg Meets DINOv3: Transferring 2D Self-Supervised Visual Priors to 3D Neuron Segmentation via DINOv3 Initialization

    Mar 24, 2026Yik San Cheng, Runkai Zhao, Weidong Cai3D Medical Image SegmentationNeuroimaging

    The University of Sydney

  21. Image-Domain Poisson-Perturbation Robustness of NCCT Slice Classification

    Mar 24, 2026Rhea Ghosal, Ronok Ghosal, Eileen LouMedical Image ClassificationNeuroimaging

    Westlake High School, Austin, TX, United States · California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States · Round Rock High School, Round Rock, TX, United States

  22. Hierarchical Multiscale Structure-Function Coupling for Brain Connectome Integration

    Mar 21, 2026Jianwei Chen, Zhengyang Miao, Wenjie Cai +10Brain Network AnalysisNeuroimaging

    School of Medicine, University of Dundee, UK · College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, China · School of Airspace Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China +5

  23. TuLaBM: Tumor-Biased Latent Bridge Matching for Contrast-Enhanced MRI Synthesis

    Mar 19, 2026Atharva Rege, Adinath Madhavrao Dukre, Numan Balci +2Medical Image SynthesisMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, UAE · National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India · Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, UAE +1

  24. SuCor: Susceptibility Distortion Correction via Parameter-Free and Self-Regularized Optimal Transport

    Mar 17, 2026Sreekar Chigurupati, Eleftherios GaryfallidisMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroimaging

    Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.

  25. Fusion Learning from Dynamic Functional Connectivity: Combining the Amplitude and Phase of fMRI Signals to Identify Brain Disorders

    Mar 14, 2026Jinlong Hu, Jiatong Huang, Zijian CaiDynamic Functional ConnectivityFunctional Connectivity

    Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimodal Big Data Intelligent Analysis, School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China

  26. Accelerating Stroke MRI with Diffusion Probabilistic Models through Large-Scale Pre-training and Target-Specific Fine-Tuning

    Mar 13, 2026Yamin Arefeen, Sidharth Kumar, Steven Warach +2Accelerated MRI ReconstructionMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA · Department of Imaging Physics MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA · Dell Medical School Department of Neurology The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA +3

  27. Reinforcing the Weakest Links: Modernizing SIENA with Targeted Deep Learning Integration

    Mar 13, 2026Riccardo Raciti, Lemuel Puglisi, Francesco Guarnera +2NeuroimagingLongitudinal Medical Image Analysis

    Dept. of Math and Computer Science, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, Catania, Italy · MIFT Department, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy

  28. LoV3D: Grounding Cognitive Prognosis Reasoning in Longitudinal 3D Brain MRI via Regional Volume Assessments

    Mar 12, 2026Zhaoyang Jiang, Zhizhong Fu, David McAllister +2Longitudinal Medical Image AnalysisAlzheimer's Disease Classification

    School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK · School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China · Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK

  29. Joint Imaging-ROI Representation Learning via Cross-View Contrastive Alignment for Brain Disorder Classification

    Mar 10, 2026Wei Liang, Lifang HeBrain Disorder ClassificationNeuroimaging

    Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA

  30. Adaptive Clinical-Aware Latent Diffusion for Multimodal Brain Image Generation and Missing Modality Imputation

    Mar 10, 2026Rong Zhou, Houliang Zhou, Yao Su +4Medical Image SynthesisMissing-Modality Learning

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, PA, USA · Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA, USA · Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA +3