Recursive Models

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9 papers in the last four weeks, up 125% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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Random Recursive Models
Sep 30, 2026Jama Hussein Mohamud, Mirco RavanelliRecursive Models Deep Learning Architectures
Mila – Quebec AI Institute · Université de Montréal · Concordia University
What Limits Recursive Reasoning Models: Optimization, Architecture and Test-Time Scaling
Sep 30, 2026Yuliana Shakhvalieva, Dmitrii Kharchev, Viacheslav Bezrukov +4Recursive Models Large Reasoning Models
RND NLP, DAIMLD, Russian Federation
Beyond Interaction Capacity: Estimator Scaling with Recursive Models for CTR Prediction
Sep 29, 2026Shivang Chopra, Fotis Iliopoulos, Zsolt Kira +1Click-Through Rate Prediction Real-World Content Recommendation Problem
Georgia Institute of Technology · Google Research
Compute Time Scaling with Recursive Models for Combinatorial Optimization
Sep 28, 2026Zhengxi Zhang, Paul SwobodaCombinatorial Optimization Neural Solvers
Scoring Both Directions: LLMs realize the MRS they cannot reliably parse
Sep 24, 2026Soham DanContext-Free Grammars Scoring
Scale AI
A Concentration Bound for Two-Timescale Actor-Critic Algorithm
Sep 24, 2026Prashansa Panda, Shalabh BhatnagarSoft Actor-Critic Finite Time Analysis
Department of Computer Science and Automation IISc Bangalore
Stream Recursion Model (SRM)
Sep 23, 2026Asael Sorensen, Charles Brock, David Chamberlain +3Mechanistic Interpretability Recursive Models
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA · Institute for Complex Additive Systems Analysis, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA.
When Recursive Models Finish Computing
Sep 22, 2026Hare Krishna, Shubham Singh, Stephen Ebert +1Recursive Models Multilayer Perceptrons
Weinberg Institute, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin · Department of Urban and Environmental Policy Planning, Tufts University · Zyphra Technologies, San Francisco, CA, USA +2
How Model Growth, Recursion, and Boundary Operators Influence Scaling Exponents
Sep 16, 2026Zixi Chen, Akshay Vegesna, Samip Dahal +1Scaling Laws Exponents
New York University · Q Labs
MetaRSI / RSI2: A Meta-Recursive Self-Improving System for Recursive Self-Improving Systems Themselves
Sep 6, 2026Zihan Tan, Leixin Sun, Zitong Shi +28Recursive Self-Improvement Recursive Models
Hugging Face
RecurTrace: Adaptive Latent Reasoning with Loop-Time Memory
Sep 3, 2026Yuxiang Wang, Kunyu Feng, Yingda Shen +3Efficient Latent Reasoning Recursive Models
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Tianjin University +2
Figures as Programs: Recursive Generation of Editable Scientific Figures
Sep 1, 2026Yepeng Liu, Dasen Dai, Chengzhi Liu +7Scientific Figure Scalable Vector Graphic
1UC Santa Barbara · 2CUHK · 3Show Lab, National University of Singapore +2
Strengthening Recursive Constructions for Zero-Error Shannon Capacity
Aug 31, 2026Ravi TandonSource-Channel Coding Information-Theoretic Limits
School of Electrical, Computing and Software Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Recursive Synthesis for Long-Horizon Terminal Tasks
Aug 5, 2026Zhongzhi Li, Yucheng Shi, Zongxia Li +8Synthetic Task Long-Horizon Agents
Tencent HY LLM Frontier · University of Georgia · University of Maryland, College Park +5
DeRP: An Algorithm for Self-Assembly of Power-Delivery Networks using Recursive Branching in Information-Limited Environments
Aug 3, 2026Mohammadali Rashidioun, Sangwoo Park, Petras SwisslerBringing Network Coding Swarms
department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
Energy-guided Recursive Model
Jul 11, 2026Yifei Zhao, Ying TangRecursive Models
Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China · School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
Deep Learning for Dynamic Programming with Recursive Utility
Jul 5, 2026Xianhua Peng, Wu GuoValue Functions Optimal Learner
HSBC Business School, Peking University, University Town, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Model Collapse: On Recursion, Noise, and Uncharted Machine Visions
Jun 22, 2026Violaine Boutet de MonvelCollapse Recursive Models
LIRA, IRCAV · Bibliotheca Hertziana – Max Planck Institute for Art History · MPRG Impett – Machine Visual Culture: Artificial Intelligence and the History of Seeing
Recursive Scaling in Masked Diffusion Models
Jun 16, 2026Alba Carballo-Castro, Julianna Piskorz, Paulius Rauba +2Masked Diffusion Language Models Diffusion Models
LTS4, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland · University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Recursive Agent Harnesses
Jun 11, 2026Elias Lumer, Sahil Sen, Kevin Paul +1Agent Harness Recursive Models
PricewaterhouseCoopers, U.S.
Verifiable Environments Are LEGO Bricks: Recursive Composition for Reasoning Generalization
Jun 10, 2026Hao Xiang, Qiaoyu Tang, Le Yu +8Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward Offline Reinforcement Learning
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Chinese Information Processing Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences · Qwen Team, Alibaba Group
Mind the Perspective: Let's Reason Recursively for Theory of Mind
Jun 10, 2026Chao Lei, Guang Hu, Meng Yang +2Theory-Of-Mind Reasoning Reasoning Skills
School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia · SensiLab, Monash University, Australia
Recursive Binding on a Budget: Subspace Carving in Order-p Tensor Memories
Jun 9, 2026Travis Pence, Daisuke Yamada, Vikas SinghSubspace Recursive Models
Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States · Department of Biostatistics and Med. Info., University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
RecurGuard: Runtime Monitoring for Reasoning-Token Consumption Attacks
Jun 6, 2026Abid Aziz, Hafsa Binte KibriaLLM Reasoning Strategies Recursive Models
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh
DuMate-DeepResearch: An Auditable Multi-Agent System with Recursive Search and Rubric-Grounded Reasoning
Jun 5, 2026Lingyong Yan, Can Xu, Yukun Zhao +13Deep Research Model-Based Multi-Agent Systems
DuMate Team, Baidu AI Cloud
Automating Formal Verification with Reinforcement Learning and Recursive Inference
May 29, 2026Max TanFormal Verification Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science · Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Indexing the Unreadable: LLM-Native Recursive Construction and Search of Service Taxonomies
May 28, 2026Wei Zheng, Yang Yan, Yiyang Shao +6Large Language Model Agents Taxonomy
openJiuwen A2X
Boosting Inference with Guided Reasoning: Stochastic Exploration for Recursive Models
May 24, 2026Andrew Corbett, Archit Sood, Anna Tzatzopoulou +2Recursive Models Reasoning Trajectory
digiLab, UK · University of Bristol, UK
FastTab: A Fast Table Recognizer with a Tiny Recursive Module and 1D Transformers
May 21, 2026Laziz Hamdi, Amine Tamasna, Pascal Boisson +1Transformer Encoder Recursive Models
LITIS, Rouen Normandy, France · Malakoff Humanis, Paris, France
Beyond the Bellman Recursion: A Pontryagin-Guided Framework for Non-Exponential Discounting
May 20, 2026Hojin Ko, Jeonggyu HuhFrictive Policy Optimization Bellman Equation
Department of Mathematics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
Probabilistic Tiny Recursive Model
May 19, 2026Amin Sghaier, Ali Parviz, Alexia Jolicoeur-MartineauRecursive Models Probabilistic Model
Mila – Quebec AI Institute ILLS & ETS Montreal · Independent
Generative Recursive Reasoning
May 19, 2026Junyeob Baek, Mingyu Jo, Minsu Kim +3Recursive Models Latent Trajectories
KAIST · Mila – Québec AI Institute · New York University +1
A Recursive Decomposition Framework for Causal Structure Learning in the Presence of Latent Variables
May 11, 2026Zheng Li, Feng Xie, Shenglan Nie +3Causal Discovery Methods Conditional Independence
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China · Department of Applied Statistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China · College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
S-AI-Recursive: A Bio-Inspired and Temporal Sparse AI Architecture for Iterative, Introspective, and Energy-Frugal Reasoning
May 5, 2026Said SlaouiBrain-Inspired Synergistic Framework Recursive Models
Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
Recursive Multi-Agent Systems
Apr 28, 2026Jiaru Zou, Rui Pan, Ruizhong Qiu +8Model-Based Multi-Agent Systems Recursive Models
Stanford University · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · NVIDIA +1
A New Kind of Network? Review and Reference Implementation of Neural Cellular Automata
Apr 27, 2026Martin Spitznagel, Janis KeuperNeural Cellular Automata Neural Network
Institute for Machine Learning and Analytics (IMLA), Offenburg University, Germany · University of Mannheim, Germany
Primitive Recursion without Composition: Dynamical Characterizations, from Neural Networks to Polynomial ODEs
Apr 27, 2026Olivier BournezRecursive Models Rectified Linear Unit
Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, LIX, Palaiseau, France
One Step Forward and K Steps Back: Better Reasoning with Denoising Recursion Models
Apr 20, 2026Chris Cameron, Wangzheng Wang, Nikita Ivanov +3Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model Recursive Models
Huawei Technologies · University of Waterloo · University of Toronto
LASER: Low-Rank Activation SVD for Efficient Recursion
Apr 19, 2026Ege Çakar, Ketan Ali Raghu, Lia ZhengRecursive Models Low-Rank Structure
Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA
CogGen: A Cognitively Inspired Recursive Framework for Deep Research Report Generation
Apr 18, 2026Kuo Tian, Pengfei Sun, Zhen Wu +2Deep Research Report
National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, China · Nanjing Haodun Technology Development Co., Ltd. · School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, China
Recursive Models for Long-Horizon Reasoning
Mar 2, 2026Chenxiao Yang, Nathan Srebro, Zhiyuan LiRecursive Models Long-Horizon Task Planning
Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago

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Random Recursive Models

Jama Hussein Mohamud, Mirco Ravanelli

Mila – Quebec AI Institute · Université de Montréal · Concordia University

Recursive Models Deep Learning Architectures Iterative Reuse

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Recursive models create computational depth through parameter reuse, offering a parameter-efficient alternative to increasing model size. However, most recursive models repeatedly apply one learned transformation or a prescribed sequence of transformations, restricting computation to a fixed layer order. We introduce the Random Recursive Model (RRM), which maintains a pool of

L

learned layers and performs

T

recursive steps by sampling one layer independently with replacement for each example and step. This enables flexible layer reuse while retaining the parameter efficiency of recurrence. We evaluate RRM on challenging reasoning tasks, where it matches or exceeds the baselines, often with 50-75 % fewer parameters. RRM can vary its depth at inference, including beyond that seen during training, without retraining or adding parameters, improving tasks that benefit from deeper iterative computation. RRM also supports Monte Carlo inference and probabilistic test-time scaling, both of which improve performance without retraining. These insights may open new directions in neural network architecture design.

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