RL for LLM Agents

RL: Reinforcement Learning · LLM: Large Language Model

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70 papers in the last four weeks, up 141% on the four weeks before. 0.7% of all new papers.

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  1. Building Multi-Task Agentic LLMs via Two-Phase Distillation

    Jun 29, 2026Huaijie Wang, Shusheng Xu, Yi Wu +1Language Model DistillationMulti-Task RL

    Tsinghua University · Ant Group

  2. ECHO: Learning Epistemically Adaptive Language Agents with Turn-Level Credit

    Jun 29, 2026Abhijnan Nath, Nikhil KrishnaswamyBelief-Space PlanningCredit Assignment in RL

    Situated Grounding and Natural Language (SIGNAL) Lab Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA

  3. SEVA: Self-Evolving Verification Agent with Process Reward for Fact Attribution

    Jun 29, 2026Aojie Yuan, Yi Nian, Haiyue Zhang +2AI Agent ReliabilityProcess Reward Models

    University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA · University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

  4. UCOB: Learning to Utilize and Evolve Agentic Skills via Credit-Aware On-Policy Bidirectional Self-Distillation

    Jun 28, 2026Songjun Tu, Chengdong Xu, Qichao Zhang +6Credit Assignment in RLLLM Agent Skill Learning

    Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences · Pengcheng Laboratory · Memorax AI

  5. ATOD: Annealed Turn-aware On-policy Distillation for Multi-turn Autonomous Agents

    Jun 26, 2026Qitai Tan, Zefang Zong, Yang Li +1Agentic RLOn-Policy Distillation

    Tencent Inc. · Tsinghua University

  6. SWE-MeM: Learning Adaptive Memory Management for Long-Horizon Coding Agents

    Jun 26, 2026Shuzheng Gao, Wenhao Zeng, Zhaojian Yu +5Software Engineering AgentsAgent Memory Management

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China · Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China · Tsinghua University, China +1

  7. Internalizing the Future: A Unified Agentic Training Paradigm for World Model Planning

    Jun 25, 2026Xuan Zhang, Zhijian Zhou, Lingfeng Qiao +6World Model-Based PlanningModel-Based Planning

    Fudan University · Shanghai Innovation Institute · Tencent Youtu Lab

  8. Supersede: Diagnosing and Training the Memory-Update Gap in LLM Agents

    Jun 25, 2026Vedant PatelContinual Learning for LLM AgentsKnowledge Conflicts in Language Models

    Vrin

  9. Joint Learning of Experiential Rules and Policies for Large Language Model Agents

    Jun 25, 2026Shicheng Ye, Chao YuContinual Learning for LLM AgentsLLM Agent Training

    Sun Yat-sen University

  10. Neglected Free Lunch from Post-training: Progress Advantage for LLM Agents

    Jun 24, 2026Changdae Oh, Wendi Li, Seongheon Park +3Process Reward ModelsRL Post-Training

    University of Wisconsin–Madison · Argonne National Laboratory

  11. Semantic Consistency Policy Optimization for Reinforcement Learning of LLM Agents

    Jun 24, 2026Peng Xu, Sijia Chen, Junzhuo Li +1Reward ShapingCredit Assignment in RL

    †The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · ‡The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

  12. BiPACE: Bisimulation-Guided Policy Optimization with Action Counterfactual Estimation for LLM Agents

    Jun 24, 2026Hanyang Wang, Weijieying Ren, Yuxiang Zhang +4Group Relative Policy OptimizationRL for LLM Agents

    University of Chicago · Stanford University · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) +2

  13. Beyond Next-Observation Prediction: Agent-Authored World Modeling for Sequential Decision Making

    Jun 24, 2026Guangfeng Cai, Kaibing Yang, Shuo He +4World Model LearningWorld Models

    Southeast University · Meituan

  14. Tmax: A simple recipe for terminal agents

    Jun 22, 2026Hamish Ivison, Junjie Oscar Yin, Rulin Shao +3Synthetic Data GenerationTerminal Agents

    α Allen Institute for AI · ω University of Washington

  15. PhoneBuddy: Training Open Models for Agentic Phone Use

    Jun 22, 2026Zhengyang Tang, Xin Lai, Pengyuan Lyu +23Computer-Use AgentsMobile GUI Agents

    Tencent Hunyuan · Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China · The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen +1

  16. ARCO: Adaptive Rubric with Co-Evolution for Multi-Step LLM-Based Agents

    Jun 19, 2026Zihang Tian, Jingsen Zhang, Rui Li +3Process Reward ModelsCredit Assignment in RL

    Renmin University of China

  17. Connect the Dots: Training LLMs for Long-Lifecycle Agents with Cross-Domain Generalization Via Reinforcement Learning

    Jun 18, 2026Yanxi Chen, Weijie Shi, Boyi Hu +6Continual Learning for LLM AgentsCross-Domain Generalization

    Alibaba Group · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · The University of Hong Kong

  18. MetaResearcher: Scaling Deep Research via Self-Reflective Reinforcement Learning in Adversarial Virtual Environments

    Jun 18, 2026Wei Yu, Suxing Liu, Minjie Yu +4Reinforcement LearningDeep Research Agents

    School of Digital Arts, Jiangxi Arts & Ceramics Technology Institute, Jingdezhen 33001, China · Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia

  19. EnvRL: Learn from Environment Dynamics in Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    Jun 16, 2026Zhitong Wang, Songze Li, Hao Peng +4Agentic RLWorld Model Learning

    Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University · Shanghai AI Laboratory

  20. Closing the Feedback Loop: From Experience Extraction to Insight Governance in Verbal Reinforcement Learning

    Jun 16, 2026Yanwei Cui, Xing Zhang, Yulong Zhang +4Continual Learning for LLM AgentsNon-Stationary RL

    AWS Generative AI Innovation Center · Amazon Web Services (AWS) · BingX Group Limited.

  21. Context-Aware RL for Agentic and Multimodal LLMs

    Jun 15, 2026Peiyang Xu, Bangzheng Li, Sijia Liu +4Multimodal GroundingContrastive RL

    1Princeton University · 2UC Davis

  22. OpenClaw-Skill: Collective Skill Tree Search for Agentic Large Language Models

    Jun 15, 2026Tianyi Lin, Chuanyu Sun, Jingyi Zhang +6LLM Agent Skill LearningLong-Horizon LLM Agents

    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Nanyang Technological University · Tsinghua University +2

  23. PathRouter: Aligning Rewards with Retrieval Quality in Agentic Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation

    Jun 15, 2026Bo Wang, Heyan Huang, Yaolin Li +6Reward ShapingGraph Retrieval-Augmented Generation

    Beijing Institute of Technology · Joy Future Academy

  24. SciOrch: Learning to Orchestrate Expert LLMs for Solving Frontier Multimodal Scientific Reasoning Tasks

    Jun 14, 2026Jingru Guo, Xiangyuan Xue, Lian Zhang +6LLM Agent OrchestrationMultimodal Reasoning

    1Imperial College London · 2The Chinese University of Hong Kong · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign +4

  25. Reward Hacking in Language Model Agents: Revisiting AI Safety Gridworlds

    Jun 13, 2026Ömer Veysel Çağatan, Xuandong ZhaoReward HackingLanguage Model Safety Evaluation

    KUIS AI Center, Koc¸ University · Istanbul, Türkiye · University of California, Berkeley +1

  26. Ling and Ring 2.6 Technical Report: Efficient and Instant Agentic Intelligence at Trillion-Parameter Scale

    Jun 13, 2026Ang Li, Ben Liu, Bin Han +215Efficient Language Model TrainingLinear Attention

  27. AgentSpec: Understanding Embodied Agent Scaffolds Through Controlled Composition

    Jun 12, 2026Jixuan Chen, Jianzhi Shen, Haoqiang Kang +10LLM Agent OrchestrationEmbodied AI

    University of California, San Diego · 2Johns Hopkins University · University of Washington +1

  28. Retrospective Progress-Aware Self-Refinement for LLM Agent Training

    Jun 12, 2026Xinbei Ma, Congmin Zheng, Jiyang Qiu +11Reward ShapingLLM Agent Training

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University · OPPO Research Institute

  29. Closing the Reflection Gap: A Free Calibration Bonus for Agentic RL

    Jun 12, 2026Yinglun ZhuLLM Agent EvaluationLanguage Model Calibration

    University of California, Riverside

  30. From Verdict to Process: Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Stage Fact Verification

    Jun 11, 2026Rongxin Yang, Shenghong He, Siyuan Zhu +1Agentic RLProcess Reward Models

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China