Self-Reflection in Language Model Agents

Latest papers

42 papers12 papers in the last four weeks, up 100% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

META-Robot: Self-Cognition and Capability Scaling in Agentic Robots
Oct 30, 2026Xuanzhi Feng, Zeyu Liu, Weiheng Gao +11Agentic AI for Robotics LLM Agent Self-Improvement
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · University of Macau
FISRF: Flexible Instructional Scaffolding Reflection Framework for Robotics Task Planning with Large Language Model
Oct 26, 2026Qingmiao Liang, Jiatao Zhang, Runxin Zou +3Robot Task Planning Large Language Model-Based Robot Planning
Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China · Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
The Target Agent Is Its Own Best Critic but a Poor Proposer: Self-Improved Red Teaming
Oct 26, 2026Mintong Kang, Stephen Rawls, Melissa Kazemi Rad +2LLM Red Teaming Automated Red Teaming
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · Capital One
Thinking-in-Bets at Test Time Reduces Sycophantic Revisions in LLM Agents
Oct 26, 2026Nghi D. Q. BuiLLM Sycophancy Behavioral Consistency of LLM Agents
Google
ReflectPO: Reflection-Guided Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon LLM Agents
Oct 22, 2026Rumei Li, Xunliang CaiLong-Horizon LLM Agents RL for LLM Agents
Meituan, China
AllPath: Layered Verification for a Deployed, Self-Revising LLM Trading Agent under Human-Gated and Autonomous Regimes
Oct 19, 2026Tian Zhang, Meng LiLLM Agent Verification LLM Agents
Independent Researcher USA
CoMem: Learning to Anticipate Failures from Retrieved Experience
Oct 19, 2026Yun Shen, Ming Shen, Tianjun YaoMemory-Augmented Language Model Agents Self-Reflection in Language Model Agents
The Ohio State University · Shenzhen Loop Area Institute · Shanghai Jiaotong University
InteractAgent: Agentic Human Motion Interaction with Memory-Augmented Reflection
Oct 19, 2026Senhe Zhang, Tao Zhang, Yujia Zhang +2Long-Horizon Agent Tasks Multimodal Agents
AI Geeks · UNSW Sydney
Self-Reflective Chain-of-Thought (SRCoT): Evidence-Based Text Generation via a Closed-Loop Retrieve--Reflect--Revise Pipeline on Edge LLMs
Oct 16, 2026Fabian Broszio, Michael Hoffmann, Adrian PaschkeEvidence-Grounded Generation Self-Reflection in Language Model Agents
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
Federation over Harness
Oct 15, 2026Dixi Yao, Tahseen Rabbani, Tian LiAgent Harness Optimization LLM Agent Self-Improvement
University of Chicago
Agent-Reflex: Teaching Language Agents to Act Reflectively
Oct 13, 2026Guanting Dong, Xinyu Yang, Jiajie Jin +9LLM Agent Training Self-Reflection in Language Model Agents
Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China · National University of Singapore
Counterfactual Regret for Reflective Agents with Lean-Verified Guarantees
Oct 10, 2026Zhongnian Li, Shi Xu, Mengting Xu +2Self-Reflection in Language Model Agents Counterfactual Regret Minimization
School of Computer Science and Technology / School of Artificial Intelligence China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou, China
AREX-2: Advancing Self-Improving Agents through Long-Horizon Reflective Tasks
Sep 29, 2026Hongjin Qian, Chaofan Li, Kun Luo +11LLM Self-Refinement LLM Agent Training
Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence (BAAI)
Shockingly Simple Self-retrospection Improves Agentic Models Without RL
Sep 28, 2026Jonathan Light, Christopher Zhang Cui, Jeonghye Kim +7Self-Training for Language Models LLM Agent Self-Improvement
RPI · Microsoft Research · UC San Diego +2
Nudgeability: Reasoning Models Follow Confidence Signals Without Tracking Their Own Competence
Sep 28, 2026Rohit Saxena, Utkarsh UpadhyayLanguage Model Self-Assessment LLM Tool Use
Cognitive Extensions for Dual-Process Language Agents: Memory and Self-Reflection in Interactive Environments
Sep 16, 2026João Meneses dos Santos, Arlindo L. OliveiraCognitive Architectures for AI Agents Self-Reflection in Language Model Agents
Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal · INESC-ID, Lisboa, Portugal
Self-Emergence Agent Architecture:Behavior-Inertia HMM, Reflexive Metacognition,and Social-Contrastive Self-Modeling
Sep 15, 2026Xiaoyang LiuSelf-Evolving Agents Cognitive Architectures for AI Agents
Independent Researcher
Strangers to Themselves: What Language Models Say About Themselves Is Generic
Sep 9, 2026Phil Blandfort, Urja PawarLanguage Model Self-Assessment Metacognition in Language Models
Predictably Weird · Independent
Bilevel Coordinated Reflection: A Game-Theoretic Approach to Multi-Agent LLM Systems
Sep 2, 2026Yihang Chen, Yuxiang Chen, Yuxuan Huang +3Self-Reflection in Language Model Agents Multi-Agent LLM Systems
1UCL Centre for Artificial Intelligence · University of Liverpool · 3Huawei
ReflectFact: Self-Reflective Agents for Improving Comprehension and Reasoning in Multi-Hop Fact Verification
Aug 13, 2026Runze Zhao, Zixin Tang, Xiaoshuai Hao +4Self-Reflection in Language Model Agents Automated Fact-Checking
Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences · 1Zhongguancun Laboratory · 3Xiaomi EV
LoongReflect: Boosting Long-Horizon Reflection in Search Agents via Global Perspective Distillation
Aug 12, 2026Zhixin Zhang, Xinke Jiang, Zhibang Yang +5LLM-Guided RL LLM Agents
School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China · National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China · Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China +2
Autoreflection: How Agentic Strange Loops Turn Human Culture into AI Infrastructure
Aug 4, 2026Holly LewisLLM Agents Self-Evolving Agents
Southern Illinois University Carbondale · Department of Philosophy, Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Reflection or Re-Generation? Why LLM Revision Fails Where Human Revision Succeeds
Jul 31, 2026Yefan Tao, Gerald Friedland, Madhusudhanan Chandrasekaran +1LLM Self-Correction LLM Self-Refinement
Amazon
Sample More, Reflect Less: Self-Refine and Reflexion Lose to Repeated Sampling at Equal Token Cost, from 1.5B to 7B
Jul 30, 2026Iliya MirzaeiLanguage Model Self-Assessment LLM Self-Refinement
Department of Computer Science Stony Brook University
Procedural Memory Distillation: Online Reflection for Self-Improving Language Models
Jul 1, 2026Ye Liu, Srijan Bansal, Bo Pang +6Self-Reflection in Language Model Agents Language Model Distillation
Salesforce AI Research
Know When to Stop: Segment-Level Credit Assignment for Reducing Overthinking
Jul 1, 2026Chia-Hsuan Lee, Sihui Dai, Mingyang Zhou +4Reasoning Trace Analysis Overthinking in Language Models
Capital One
ManimAgent: Self-Evolving Multimodal Agents for Visual Education
Jun 29, 2026Wenjia Jiang, Zongyuan Cai, Yuanhang Shao +7Continual Learning for LLM Agents LLM Agent Self-Improvement
University of Alberta · Southeast University · Virginia Tech +2
Retrospective Progress-Aware Self-Refinement for LLM Agent Training
Jun 12, 2026Xinbei Ma, Congmin Zheng, Jiyang Qiu +11Reward Shaping LLM Agent Training
Shanghai Jiao Tong University · OPPO Research Institute
Closing the Reflection Gap: A Free Calibration Bonus for Agentic RL
Jun 12, 2026Yinglun ZhuLLM Agent Evaluation Language Model Calibration
University of California, Riverside
Honest Lying: Understanding Memory Confabulation in Reflexive Agents
May 28, 2026Prakhar Dixit, Sadia Kamal, Tim OatesAI Agent Reliability LLM Self-Refinement
Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Oct 30, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

META-Robot: Self-Cognition and Capability Scaling in Agentic Robots

Xuanzhi Feng, Zeyu Liu, Weiheng Gao, Xinchen Li+10

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · University of Macau

Agentic AI for Robotics LLM Agent Self-Improvement LLM Agent Skill Learning Self-Reflection in Language Model Agents Robot Skill Learning

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LLM-based robotic agent systems can generate programs for robot control, yet their generalization to new tasks often depends on elaborate scaffolding. Expanding their skill repertoires alone offers limited guidance on how to assess new capabilities or identify what remains beyond their reach. We introduce META-Robot, a framework that couples self cognition with capability scaling by expanding the criteria through which an agent evaluates and develops its skills. At its core, action-level predicates make execution outcomes explicit and available for LLM reasoning. The agent uses these assessments to identify its own limitations, extend relevant evaluation criteria, and guide the structured expansion of its skills. Proprioceptive feedback further grounds this process in the robot's physical state, enriching the evidence available for self-cognition. Experiments in simulation and on real robots demonstrate stronger overall task performance, generalization to new tasks, continued expansion of skills and evaluation criteria, and effective use of non-visual proprioceptive signals.