Temporal Reasoning in Language Models

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9 papers in the last four weeks, up 50% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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Learning Situation-Conditioned Thinking Policies for Long-Term LLM Agents
Oct 7, 2026Hong SuLLM Agent Memory Long-Horizon LLM Agents
School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
A rubric landscape for evaluating clinical reasoning in large language models: what exists, what is missing, and what needs to be combined
Oct 1, 2026Zhangshu Joshua Jiang, Zina Ibrahim, James T. TeoFaithfulness of Language Model Explanations Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
DRIVE-Health CDT Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King’s College London London, UK
OpenTSLM TeeMoE: A Unified Time-Series Language Model for Forecasting, Contextual Prediction, and Reasoning
Sep 30, 2026Tony Chen, Timo Stoffregen, Maxwell Xu +8Temporal Reasoning in Language Models Time Series Forecasting
Columbia University, USA · Stanford University, USA · Aionic Labs, Switzerland +4
Reasoning Externalization for Faithful Large Language Model Narratives of Stock Return Predictions
Sep 30, 2026Sujung Kim, Seung Hwan Cho, Sangjin Park +1Numerical Reasoning in Language Models Faithfulness of Language Model Explanations
Department of Industrial Data Engineering, Hanyang University, Republic of Korea · School of Interdisciplinary Industrial Studies, Hanyang University, Republic of Korea
StateTree: Enhancing Long-Term Dialogue Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning
Sep 30, 2026Naen Xu, Wanqing Cui, Yibo Hu +5Temporal Reasoning in Language Models RL for Language Model Reasoning
Zhejiang University · Taobao & Tmall Group of Alibaba
Concept-Grounded Attention: A Controlled Evaluation of Graph-Injected Attention, Temporal Versioning, and Epistemic Status
Sep 30, 2026Sachin Dev Duggal, Pradyumna Swarnalatha Ramanna, Alexandros VassiliadesLLM Grounding Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
SeKondBrain AI Labs, London, United Kingdom.
PetriBench: Benchmarking LLM Reasoning over Dynamic State Spaces
Sep 17, 2026Pyrros Koussios, Benjamin Jäger, John Hua Yao +3LLM Evaluation Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
ETH Zürich · Stanford University
CliniCIRCA: A Modular LLM Framework for Constructing Longitudinal Mental Health Patient Journeys from Raw EHR Narratives
Sep 17, 2026Aiwei Ivy Zhang, Nimra Ishfaq, Mohit Chandra +5Temporal Reasoning in Language Models Mental Health
Georgia Institute of Technology · University of Texas at Austin · Northwell Health
Fortunate Recall: Ontology-Driven Memory Lifecycle Management for Persistent Coherence in LLMs
Sep 9, 2026Ansuman Mullick, Eray TüzünConversational Memory Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
Bilkent University
EvolveScaler: Synthesizing Information-Evolution Contexts via Executable State Machines and Natural-Language Rendering
Sep 8, 2026Ziliang Zhao, Zenan Xu, Shuting Wang +6Long-Context Language Model Inference Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China · LLM Department, Hunyuan Team, Tencent · The Chinese University of Hong Kong
CordisBench: Can Language Models Reason About Component Lifecycles in Dynamic Agent Harnesses?
Sep 1, 2026Damien Sileo, Dimitri KachlerTemporal Reasoning in Language Models AI Agent Benchmarks
Univ. Lille, Inria, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 - CRIStAL, F-59000 Lille, France
FinLifeBench: Exhaustive Life-Event History and Financial-State Reconstruction from Longitudinal Banking Dialogue
Sep 1, 2026Hangyeul Lee, Juyoung Oh, Jaeyong Ko +5Temporal Reasoning in Language Models Multi-Turn Dialogue Evaluation
KakaoBank Financial Tech Lab Seongnam, Republic of Korea
Synthetic Worlds for Temporal Evaluation and Knowledge Updating in LLMs
Aug 31, 2026Jonathan Zheng, Zirui Shao, Alan Ritter +1Synthetic Data Pretraining Knowledge Editing
Georgia Institute of Technology · Zhejiang University
Reconstructing the Right Episode: Evaluating Interleaved Conversational Memory Beyond Long Context
Aug 26, 2026Zhexi Feng, Ruiyi Zhang, Yongbo Yang +1Conversational Memory Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California San Diego
The Sleeping Agent: What Gist-Based Context Compression Loses and Why
Aug 12, 2026Nicholas E. KyrkewoodTemporal Reasoning in Language Models Language Modeling
Independent Researcher
ChronoState: Hidden Elapsed-Time Conditioning for Temporal-State Action Selection in Frozen-Backbone Language Models
Aug 10, 2026Sam Siavoshian, Omar Ramadan, Amir K. Saeed +3Temporal Reasoning in Language Models Language Modeling
Independent Researcher, California, USA · Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
Your VLM Already Knows When: Training-Free Temporal Grounding by Asking Yes or No
Aug 8, 2026Ji Huang, Barry Devereux, Hui WangTemporal Video Grounding Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
Queen’s University Belfast
GeoBenchLLM: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Geo-Related Tasks
Aug 7, 2026Rodrigo Ferreira Rodrigues, Karim Radouane, Jose G Moreno +1Spatial Reasoning Benchmarks LLM Evaluation
University of Toulouse Toulouse, France
RUMBA: Russian User Memory Benchmark
Jul 23, 2026Elizaveta Shevtsova, Inna Glebkina, Mark Baushenko +2Temporal Reasoning in Language Models Temporal Reasoning
1DAIMLD
PRISM Edit: One Vector for All Temporal Answers
Jul 13, 2026Chen Huang, Qi Zheng, Ruiqin Zheng +2Temporal Reasoning in Language Models Model Editing
Tsinghua University · ByteDance
Forecasting With LLMs: Improved Generalization Through Feature Steering
Jun 25, 2026Humzah Merchant, Bradford LevyLanguage Model Steering LLM Interpretability
University of Chicago, Illinois, United States.
LibEvoBench: Probing Temporal Knowledge Stratification in Code Generation Models
Jun 24, 2026Daniele Cipollone, Sergey Titov, Maliheh Izadi +2Software Engineering Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
JetBrains Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands · Faculty of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
From Recognition to Understanding: Unlocking Cognitive Time Series Reasoning with LLMs
Jun 20, 2026Xin Qiu, Junlong Tong, Yao Zhang +3Time Series Reasoning Time Series QA
Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo · Zhejiang University · Munich Center for Machine Learning, LMU
Right Knowledge, Wrong Answer: Test-Time Steering for Temporal Fact Conflicts in Open-Weight Language Models
Jun 18, 2026Elias Hossain, Sourav Saha, Umesh Chandra Biswas +1Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
University of Central Florida · 2Mississippi State University
MemTrace: Probing What Final Accuracy Misses in Long-Term Memory
Jun 15, 2026Xianxuan Long, Zhikai Chen, Shenglai Zeng +3Temporal Reasoning in Language Models LLM Agent Memory
Michigan State University · Case Western Reserve University
DYNA : Dynamic Episodic Memory Networks for Augmenting Large Language Models with Temporal Knowledge Graphs in Continuous Learning
Jun 14, 2026Ali Sarabadani, Mahtab TajvidiyanContinual Learning for LLMs Memory-Augmented Language Models
Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
When and How Long? The Readout-Mediator Angle in Temporal Reasoning
May 27, 2026Shreyas Fadnavis, Praitayini Kanakaraj, Felix WyssTemporal Reasoning in Language Models Temporal Reasoning
Bioscope AI
Understanding Data Temporality Impact on Large Language Models Pre-training
May 21, 2026Hippolyte Pilchen, Romain Fabre, Franck Signe Talla +2Language Model Pretraining Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
Kyutai, Paris
Teaching Large Language Models When Not to Know: Learning Temporal Critique for Ex-Ante Reasoning
May 14, 2026Chenlu Ding, Jiancan Wu, Yanchen Luo +3LLM Prompting LLM Fine-Tuning
University of Science and Technology of China · The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · University of Notre Dame
Large Language Models Lack Temporal Awareness of Medical Knowledge
May 13, 2026Zihan Guan, Qiao Jin, Guangzhi Xiong +6Healthcare Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
University of Virginia · National Institutes of Health · Dana-Farber Cancer Institute +2

Oct 7, 2026, cs.AIJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Learning Situation-Conditioned Thinking Policies for Long-Term LLM Agents

Hong Su

School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China

LLM Agent Memory Long-Horizon LLM Agents Policy Learning Continual Learning for LLM Agents Temporal Reasoning in Language Models

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Long-running autonomous agents must reuse accumulated reasoning experience without allowing explicit historical memory and LLM context to grow indefinitely. However, existing memory mechanisms mainly retrieve, summarize, or compress past content and do not directly learn when particular kinds of thinking should be activated or discover new thinking knowledge from temporally dispersed experiences. This paper proposes a situation-conditioned thinking memory framework that transforms historical reasoning experience into a lightweight policy for predicting what should be thought about in the current situation, while leaving detailed reasoning to a large language model. Situations may represent temporal or spatiotemporal evolution rather than only current states. Temporary experiences are also periodically analyzed across multiple independent episodes to identify repeated long-range regularities, which are consolidated into new thinking knowledge and further internalized by the lightweight policy. Experiments show that the learned policy achieves 1.000 F1 on temporal-rule generalization, improves DeepSeek reasoning F1 from 0.789 to 0.868, reduces online processing time from 0.3636 ms to 0.0382 ms per query at 30,000 historical situations, and reaches 1.000 relation-discovery F1 and future-thinking accuracy after sufficient repeated cross-experience evidence.

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