Algorithmic Fairness

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Overview

The field asks whether automated systems treat people and groups fairly, using criteria such as demographic parity, equalized odds, individual similarity, and causal or counterfactual fairness. Researchers audit disparities in credit, hiring, healthcare, recommendation, and language or vision models, using benchmarks such as COMPAS, Adult, and MIMIC alongside subgroup and intersectional tests. Mitigation ranges from data reweighting and representation learning to constrained or robust optimization, causal interventions, and post-hoc thresholding; work also studies fairness in rankings, sequential allocation, federated learning, and LLM agents. A central challenge is that fairness criteria can conflict with one another and with utility, while estimates and interventions may be unstable under small samples, distribution shift, strategic behavior, or uncertain causal assumptions.

Latest papers

CardsList

424 papers28 papers in the last four weeks, down 20% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Robust Fair Disease Diagnosis in CT Images

    Apr 8, 2026Justin Li, Daniel Ding, Asmita Yuki Pritha +3Group Distributionally Robust OptimizationFairness in Medical Image Classification

    Carmel High School, Carmel, Indiana, USA · Capstone School Dhaka, Bangladesh · Clarkstown High School South, West Nyack, New York, USA +2

  2. Evaluating Intersectional Fairness across Clinical Machine Learning Use Cases using Fairlogue and the All of Us Research Program

    Apr 7, 2026Nick Souligne, Vignesh SubbianAlgorithmic FairnessIntersectional Fairness

    College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States

  3. Revisiting Fairness Impossibility with Endogenous Behavior

    Apr 7, 2026Elizabeth Maggie Penn, John W. PattyAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    Departments of Political Science and Data & Decision Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta GA, USA.

  4. FairLogue: A Toolkit for Intersectional Fairness Analysis in Clinical Machine Learning Models

    Apr 6, 2026Nick Souligne, Vignesh SubbianAlgorithmic FairnessIntersectional Fairness

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0020, United States

  5. APPA: Adaptive Preference Pluralistic Alignment for Fair Federated RLHF of LLMs

    Apr 5, 2026Mahmoud Srewa, Tianyu Zhao, Salma ElmalakiLLM AlignmentPluralistic Alignment

    Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA

  6. Apparent Age Estimation: Challenges and Outcomes

    Apr 3, 2026Justin Rainier Go, Lorenz Bernard Marqueses, Mikaella Kaye Martinez +2Algorithmic Fairness

    De La Salle University Manila, Philippines

  7. Modeling User Exploration Saturation: When Recommender Systems Should Stop Pushing Novelty

    Apr 2, 2026Enock O. Ayiku, Evelyn Osei, Emebo OnyekaRecommender SystemsFairness in Recommender Systems

    University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA · Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA · Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

  8. InsightBoard: An Interactive Multi-Metric Visualization and Fairness Analysis Plugin for TensorBoard

    Apr 2, 2026Ray Zeyao Chen, Christan GrantVisual AnalyticsAlgorithmic Fairness

    Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

  9. SEAL: An Open, Auditable, and Fair Data Generation Framework for AI-Native 6G Networks

    Apr 2, 2026Sunder Ali Khowaja, Kapal Dev, Engin Zeydan +1Synthetic Data Generation6G Networks

    CONNECT Centre,School of Computing, Dublin City University, Ireland · CONNECT Centre, Munster Technological University, Ireland · Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC/CERCA), Castelldefels, Spain +1

  10. QoS-Aware Token Scheduling and Private Data Valuation for Multi-Modal Agentic Networks

    Apr 2, 2026Yao Du, Jing Liu, Pengfei Xu +4Data ValuationAlgorithmic Fairness

    The University of British Columbia · LazAI Network · China University of Mining and Technology +2

  11. Loss Gap Parity for Fairness in Heterogeneous Federated Learning

    Mar 31, 2026Brahim Erraji, Michaël Perrot, Aurélien BelletFederated LearningHeterogeneous Federated Learning

    Univ. Lille, Inria, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 - CRIStAL, F-59000 Lille, France · Univ. Lille, Inria, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 - CRIStALF-59000 Lille, France · PreMeDICaL team, Inria, Idesp, Inserm, Université de Montpellier

  12. Exploring the Impact of Skin Color on Skin Lesion Segmentation

    Mar 31, 2026Kuniko Paxton, Medina Kapo, Amila Akagić +3Fairness in Medical Image ClassificationSkin Lesion Segmentation

    School of Digital and Physical Sciences at the University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom · Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne bb, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina

  13. Unbiased Model Prediction Without Using Protected Attribute Information

    Mar 31, 2026Puspita Majumdar, Surbhi Mittal, Saheb Chhabra +2Algorithmic FairnessDebiased ML

    IIIT-Delhi, New Delhi, India, 110020

  14. Why Aggregate Accuracy is Inadequate for Evaluating Fairness in Law Enforcement Facial Recognition Systems

    Mar 30, 2026Khalid Adnan AlsayedAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    Founder, Ducaltus | AI Assurance & Governance · BSc (Hons) Artificial Intelligence · School of Computing, Engineering & Digital Technologies

  15. FairGC: Fairness-aware Graph Condensation

    Mar 30, 2026Yihan Gao, Chenxi Huang, Wen Shi +5Algorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China · Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Dalian University, Dalian, China · School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia +1

  16. Fairboard: a quantitative framework for equity assessment of healthcare models

    Mar 30, 2026James K. Ruffle, Samia Mohinta, Chris Foulon +5Algorithmic FairnessMedical Image Segmentation

    Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK · Dept. of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK · Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LABRI), Université de Bordeaux, France

  17. Decomposing Discrimination: Causal Mediation Analysis for AI-Driven Credit Decisions

    Mar 29, 2026Duraimurugan RajamanickamFinancial ServicesCausal Effect Estimation

    VP, Artificial Intelligence, Hudson Valley Credit Union, Poughkeepsie, NY · PhD Candidate, Causal Machine Learning, University of Arkansas at Little Rock

  18. Shapley meets Rawls: an integrated framework for measuring and explaining unfairness

    Mar 27, 2026Fadoua Amri-Jouidel, Emmanuel Kemel, Stéphane MussardAlgorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    UM6P Airess · Greghec, Crns HEC Paris

  19. Fair Data Pre-Processing with Imperfect Attribute Space

    Mar 27, 2026Ying Zheng, Yangfan Jiang, Kian-Lee TanAlgorithmic FairnessTraining Data Curation

    National University of Singapore, Singapore

  20. Explainable Speech Emotion Recognition: Weighted Attribute Fairness to Model Demographic Contributions to Social Bias

    Mar 26, 2026Tomisin Ogunnubi, Yupei Li, Björn SchullerAlgorithmic FairnessSpeech Emotion Recognition

  21. Demographic Fairness in Multimodal LLMs: A Benchmark of Gender and Ethnicity Bias in Face Verification

    Mar 26, 2026Ünsal Öztürk, Hatef Otroshi Shahreza, Sébastien MarcelAlgorithmic FairnessMultimodal Large Language Models

    Idiap Research Institute, Switzerland

  22. Scheduling with Time Dependent Utilities: Fairness and Efficiency

    Mar 26, 2026Gaia Nicosia, Andrea Pacifici, Ulrich PferschyFair Resource AllocationCombinatorial Optimization

    Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Informatica e delle Tecnologie Aeronautiche, Università degli Studi “Roma Tre”, via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy · Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ingegneria Informatica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy · Department of Operations and Information Systems, University of Graz, Universitaetsstrasse 15, 8010 Graz, Austria

  23. AD-CARE: A Guideline-grounded, Modality-agnostic LLM Agent for Real-world Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis with Multi-cohort Assessment, Fairness Analysis, and Reader Study

    Mar 26, 2026Wenlong Hou, Sheng Bi, Guangqian Yang +16Alzheimer's Disease ClassificationClinical Decision Support

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China. · Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. · Amazon, USA. +10

  24. Fair regression under localized demographic parity constraints

    Mar 26, 2026Arthur Charpentier, Christophe Denis, Romuald Elie +2Algorithmic FairnessGroup Fairness

    UQAM · Université du Québec à Montréal, UQAM, Canada · Kyoto University, Japan +7

  25. Exploring How Fair Model Representations Relate to Fair Recommendations

    Mar 25, 2026Bjørnar Vassøy, Benjamin Kille, Helge LangsethFairness in Recommender SystemsAlgorithmic Fairness

    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

  26. Federated fairness-aware classification under differential privacy

    Mar 25, 2026Gengyu Xue, Yi YuAlgorithmic FairnessDifferentially Private Federated Learning

    Department of Statistics, University of Warwick

  27. Who Benefits from RAG? The Role of Exposure, Utility and Attribution Bias

    Mar 25, 2026Mahdi Dehghan, Graham McDonaldGroup FairnessAlgorithmic Fairness

    University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

  28. PopResume: Causal Fairness Evaluation of LLM/VLM Resume Screeners with Population-Representative Dataset

    Mar 24, 2026Sumin Yu, Juhyeon Park, Taesup MoonAI-Assisted Decision MakingLLM Auditing

    ECE, Seoul National University · IPAI, Seoul National University · ASRI / INMC / AIIS, Seoul National University

  29. A Generalised Exponentiated Gradient Approach to Enhance Fairness in Binary and Multi-class Classification Tasks

    Mar 22, 2026Maryam Boubekraoui, Giordano d'Aloisio, Antinisca Di MarcoGradient DescentAlgorithmic Fairness

    Laboratoire d’Intelligence Artificielle et Systèmes Industriels (LIASI), HESTIM Engineering and Business School, Casablanca, Morocco · Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

  30. ERM-MinMaxGAP: Benchmarking and Mitigating Gender Bias in Multilingual Multimodal Speech-LLM Emotion Recognition

    Mar 22, 2026Zi Haur Pang, Xiaoxue Gao, Tatsuya Kawahara +1Speech Emotion RecognitionMultimodal Emotion Recognition

    Kyoto University, Japan · Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore