Clinical Decision Support

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Overview

Clinical decision support studies how computer systems can help clinicians interpret patient records, identify risks, choose tests, and plan treatment. Approaches range from statistical and causal models to Bayesian reasoning, reinforcement learning, guideline rules and knowledge graphs, and language-model systems using retrieval or multiple agents; hybrid designs often use AI to extract information and deterministic logic to apply clinical rules. Systems are tested on electronic health records, guideline-based cases, medical images, and medication tasks, with growing use of reader studies and prospective workflow evaluations. A central challenge is that strong benchmark accuracy does not ensure safe performance with incomplete or shifting data, and systems must manage uncertainty, harmful errors, clinician oversight, and fit with real workflows.

Latest papers

CardsList

244 papers27 papers in the last four weeks, up 42% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Advancing Clinical Genomic Analysis with a Skill-Centred Agent

    Oct 29, 2026Qiaoyu Zheng, Weike Zhao, Yanjie Fan +10Medical AI AgentsClinical Decision Support

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai AI Laboratory, Shanghai, China · Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China +2

  2. Radiology Guideline-derived Decision Graph for Efficient Clinical Decision Support

    Oct 29, 2026Xuewen Zhou, Zhen ChenClinical Decision Support

    Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

  3. Can JEV Support Clinical Trial Criteria Assessment?

    Oct 26, 2026Mengxian He, Ziyue Gao, Chun Li +4Clinical Decision SupportClinical Language Model Evaluation

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Capital Medical University

  4. Multi-Agent Retrieval-Augmented Causality Assessment (MARCA) of Individual Case Safety Reports in Pharmacovigilance

    Oct 23, 2026Daisy Rae Lopez, Angela Boccia, Maurizio SessaClinical Decision SupportCausal Inference

    Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark · Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

  5. ALLMTS: Automated LLM-based Medical Triage System

    Oct 23, 2026Michał Remigiusz Janiszewski, Artur Stopa, Łukasz Lenkiewicz +2Clinical TriageClinical Decision Support

    Vstorm, R&D, Poland · Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland · Faculty of Computer Science, AGH University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland +1

  6. The LLENS Platform for On-Premises Large Language Model Agents in a Japanese University Hospital: Development and Evaluation Study

    Oct 23, 2026Ken Enda, Jien Saito, Masami Mukai +12LLM AgentsLLM Agent Harnesses

    Division of AI Support for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan · Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan · Technoplasm Inc., Sapporo, Japan +5

  7. AusClinBench: a deterministically scored benchmark of large language models against current Australian clinical policy

    Oct 22, 2026Daniel S. EpsteinClinical Language Model EvaluationClinical QA

    Department of General Practice, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia · The Long Game Project, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

  8. RetiJev: Fast and Source-Grounded Ophthalmic Decision Models

    Oct 22, 2026Bo Liu, Lianyu Wang, Meng Wang +2OphthalmologyClinical Decision Support

    Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore. · Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore. · University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. +3

  9. Learning to Reason Like a Cytopathologist:Clinically Grounded Multiscale Evidential Learning for Cervical Cytology

    Oct 21, 2026Ajeet Kumar Singh, Nehal Mishra, Anurag Tripathi +2Computational PathologyClinical Decision Support

    IIT Delhi, India · Info Origin INC. · Singapore University of Technology and Design

  10. A general-purpose System One decision model for clinical records

    Oct 19, 2026Andrew Zhang, Trinh T. L. Vuong, Sophia J. Wagner +14EHR QAEHR Foundation Models

    Mass General Brigham AI Institute, Boston, MA. · Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. · Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.

  11. Do We Need the Largest LLMs for Every Clinical Decision?

    Oct 17, 2026Ali H. Lazem, William TeahanLLM QuantizationClinical Decision Support

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2DG, Gwynedd, United Kingdom. · University of Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq.

  12. Unified Multiparadigm Fusion Intelligence for Rare Disease Diagnosis

    Oct 16, 2026Jian Yang, Peiling Liu, Songda Li +10Rare Disease DiagnosisClinical Decision Support

    The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China. · The College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.

  13. The Model Knows Better: Defending Medical Multi-Agent Systems Against Prompt Injection

    Oct 15, 2026Fardin Ahsan Sakib, Ziwei Zhu, Ozlem UzunerPrompt Injection DefensePrompt Injection Attacks on AI Agents

    Department of Computer Science, George Mason University · Department of Information Sciences and Technology, George Mason University

  14. AI Consilium: a Benchmark of LLM Clinical Multidisciplinary Second Opinions

    Oct 15, 2026Alexey A. Bokov, Ivan I. Panin, Nikolay B. Nechaev +10Clinical Language Model EvaluationClinical Decision Support

    AIRI, Moscow, Russian Federation · Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation · Arkhangelsk Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation +5

  15. Tool-Augmented Large Language Models for Reliable Medical Calculation from Patient Notes

    Oct 15, 2026Yang Zhong, Ling Luo, Xuanlyu Zhu +4LLM Tool UseClinical Decision Support

    College of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China · Air Force Communications NCO Academy, Dalian, China

  16. HEM-Med: A Hierarchical Agentic Memory Framework for Safe Multi-Center Medication Recommendation

    Oct 14, 2026Min Xiao, Jin Li, Shoujin Wang +3Medication RecommendationClinical Decision Support

    Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education; Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan); Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing; Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan, Shandong, China · University of Technology Sydney

  17. PRISMATIC : Prescription Risk Inspection System for Multi-Agent Treatment Interaction in Clinical Decision-Making

    Oct 14, 2026Ziyang Ling, Shuyu Lu, Ziyi ChenDrug-Drug Interaction PredictionClinical Decision Support

    University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China · The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States

  18. FOCUS: A Subspecialty Foundation Model for Intraoperative Central Nervous System Pathology

    Oct 12, 2026Xing Liu, Yifan Guo, Hongtai Lv +18Pathology Foundation ModelsComputational Pathology

    Department of Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing,100070, P.R.China. · CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China. · School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing, 101408, P.R. China. +5

  19. ARMED: Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Medication Recommendation

    Oct 12, 2026Kyungkeon Chung, Se Un Park, Hyejin Lee +1Medication RecommendationAdaptive RAG

    UX Factory, Inc., Seongnam-si, South Korea

  20. A Concept-informed Interpretable Artificial Intelligence Framework for Breast Ultrasound Diagnosis

    Oct 12, 2026Shengzhou Zhong, Ziying Wang, Liang Li +14Clinical Decision SupportExplainable Medical Image Analysis

    School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China. · Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China. · Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. +5

  21. GUIDE: Computationally Augmented Consensus for Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines

    Oct 12, 2026Yuanfan Lin, Jie Di, Xujin He +21Human-AI CollaborationMulti-Agent Consensus

    Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China · Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China · Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, Hainan, China +2

  22. More Reasoning Is Not Always Better: Executing Clinical Guidelines with LLMs and Rules

    Oct 11, 2026Xiaoqian Lu, Guangfu Guo, Long Cheng +1Clinical Decision SupportMedical LLMs

    University of Ottawa · Clemson University

  23. RES-MR: Risk-Aware Reasoning for Explainable and Safe Medication Recommendation

    Oct 10, 2026Cong Wang, Jin Li, Shoujin Wang +3Medication RecommendationClinical Decision Support

    Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences); Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan, Shandong, China · University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

  24. BEACON-SP: Ontology-Grounded GraphRAG Framework for Clinical Suicide Risk Assessment

    Oct 6, 2026Kemal Davaslioglu, Nathan Conger, Sastry Kompella +2Graph Retrieval-Augmented GenerationClinical Decision Support

    Nexcepta, Gaithersburg, MD, USA · United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA

  25. Proof-Grounded Patient-Specific Clinical Explanations from Knowledge-Graph Reasoning

    Oct 5, 2026Surajit DasData ProvenanceEvidence-Grounded Reasoning

  26. RASPER: Reward-Aligned Summarization of Clinical Notes for EHR Outcome Prediction

    Oct 2, 2026Arya Hadizadeh Moghaddam, Mohsen Nayebi Kerdabadi, Chen Chen +2Medication RecommendationText Summarization

    Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kansas, USA

  27. OpenMTB-Audit: Exposing Over-Refusal and Clinical Expert Perspectives in LLM-Based Molecular Tumor Board Safety Evaluation

    Oct 1, 2026Negin Ashrafi, Jia Luo, Stacey M. Frumm +1LLM Safety BenchmarksLLM Auditing

    Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

  28. HADRec: A Hierarchy-Aware Drug Recommendation Framework by Fusing Molecular Knowledge and Electronic Health Record

    Oct 1, 2026Junke Wang, Hongshun Ling, Li Zhang +4Clinical Decision SupportMedication Recommendation

    School of Biomedical Engineering,South-Central Minzu University, 182 Minzu Avenue, Hongshan District, WuHan, 430074, HuBei, China

  29. RareDx: Controlled Knowledge Integration and Graph-Grounded Policy Optimization for Rare-Disease Diagnosis

    Sep 28, 2026Bo Zhang, Yuchen Wang, Dongbai Li +6Rare Disease DiagnosisLLM Reasoning with Graphs

    Xi’an Jiaotong University · UIUC · Tsinghua University +4

  30. Unknown is not normal: separating language-model extraction from rule-based decision logic for clinical risk scores

    Sep 28, 2026Nicolás Vera ZúñigaClinical Decision SupportLearning with Missing Data

    Independent Researcher, Chile