Brain Tumor Segmentation

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14 papers in the last four weeks, up 56% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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Do Medical Foundation Models Generalize on the African Brain?
Jul 30, 2026Kaouther Mouheb, Gonzalo Esteban Mosquera Rojas, Juancito van Leeuwen +2Medical Imaging Foundation Models Neuroimaging
Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
GLI-AL: A Multi-Modal Glioma MRI Label Resource with Unified Anatomy-Lesion Labels
Jul 24, 2026Xingyu Xiang, Shuang Hao, Fan Wang +2Medical Image Segmentation Learning with Noisy Labels
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China · Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China · Research Center for Intelligent Medical Equipment and Devices (IMED), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Post-Operative Glioma Segmentation via Loss Stabilization, Normalization and Subspace Attention
Jul 23, 2026Alexandru Crişan, Diana BorzaDomain Generalization 3D Medical Image Segmentation
Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Trustworthy Medical Segmentation: Uncertainty-Aware U-Net Evaluation Under Clinical Image Degradation
Jul 22, 2026Pranav Kaliaperumal, Manisha KaliaperumalImage Corruption Robustness U-Net
Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA · Department of Biology (Pre-Medical) Creighton University Omaha, NE, USA
TRACE-Seg3D: Counterfactual Context Auditing For Robust 3D Glioma Segmentation Under Institutional Shift
Jul 8, 2026Nguyen Linh Dan Le, Nguyen Pham Hoang Le, Tran Dang KhoiDomain Generalization 3D Medical Image Segmentation
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia · University of Information Technology, Vietnam National University, Vietnam · Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
RUFNet: Query-Guided Support Mask Refinement and Uncertainty Fusion based on Hybrid Mamba for Few-Shot Brain Tumor Segmentation
Jul 6, 2026Dongyi He, Xiangkai Wang, Binbing Xu +5Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation
Department of Language Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China · Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China +1
Set-Inclusive Uncertainty Modeling for Robust Brain Tumor Segmentation
Jun 29, 2026Seunghun Baek, Jihwan Park, Jaeyoon Sim +3Representation Learning Multimodal Robustness
Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
From Convolution to Transformer: A Comparative Study of U-Net Variants for Brain Tumor and Retinal Vessel Segmentation
Jun 20, 2026Khoa Pham, Sindhuja Penchala, Jiacheng Li +2Retinal Vessel Segmentation Hybrid CNN-Transformer Architectures
Mississippi State University · The University of Alabama
Confidence is Not Reliability: Rethinking MC Dropout in Brain Tumour Segmentation
Jun 17, 2026Xin Ci Wong, Duygu Sarikaya, Kieran Zucker +2Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation Uncertainty Calibration
Centre for Doctoral Training in AI for Medical Diagnosis and Care, School of Computing, University of Leeds · School of Computer Science, University of Leeds · Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
CoMNet: A MedNeXt-CorrDiff Framework for Multi-Site Brain Tumor Segmentation
Jun 13, 2026Michael L. Evans, MD Fayaz Bin Hossen, MD Shibly Sadique +2Medical Image Segmentation 3D Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
Diffusion-Refined Segmentation and Vision-Language Interpretation for Pediatric Brain Tumor MRI
Jun 12, 2026Wentao Ke, Jianche LiuBraTS Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University · School of Medicine Stanford University
A Novel Global Context-aware Deep Neural Network for Enhanced Brain Tumor Segmentation using Magnetic Resonance Images
May 28, 2026Sourjya Mukherjee, Ananya Bhattacharjee, R. MuruganU-Net Medical Image Segmentation
Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, Assam, India, 788010
Not All NVFP4 QAT Recipes Are Equal: How Architecture and Scale Shape Model Quality for Anomaly Segmentation
May 26, 2026Zijian Du, Oleg RybakovEfficient Neural Network Inference Image Segmentation
NVIDIA
SegGuidedNet: Sub-Region-Aware Attention Supervision for Interpretable Brain Tumor Segmentation
May 21, 2026Hasaan Maqsood, Saif Ur Rehman Khan, Sebastian Vollmer +2Image Segmentation BraTS
National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. · Department of Computer Science, Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany. · German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, 67663, Germany. +2
D3Seg: Dependency-Aware Diffusion for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalities
May 21, 2026Danish Ali, Ajmal Mian, Naveed Akhtar +1Missing-Modality Learning BraTS
The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia · The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
Virtual Nodes Guided Dynamic Graph Neural Network for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalities
May 16, 2026Sha Tao, Jiao Pan, Yu Guo +1Missing-Modality Learning Heterogeneous GNNs
University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
MHMamba: Multi-Head Mamba for 3D Brain Tumor Segmentation
May 15, 2026Hanjun Tao, Hua Wang, Fan ZhangMamba BraTS
Shandong Technology and Business University, China · Ludong University, China
Degradation-Aware Blur-Segmentation of Brain Tumor
May 15, 2026Yuchun Wang, Xiaosong Li, Gefei Liang +1Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation BraTS
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, China.
MedFL-Stress: A Systematic Robustness Evaluation of Federated Brain Tumor Segmentation under Cross-Hospital MRI Appearance Shift
May 9, 2026Kiran Naseer, Naveed Anwer ButtDistribution Shift Robustness BraTS
University of Gujrat, Pakistan
Bridging visual saliency and large language models for explainable deep learning in medical imaging
May 7, 2026Paul Valery Nguezet, Elie Tagne Fute, Yusuf Brima +2Radiology Report Generation Medical Image Classification
Department of Mathematics and Computer science, University of Dschang, Dschang, 67, Cameroon. · Computer Vision, Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrueck, D-49090, Lower Saxony, Germany. · Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa. +1
DALight-3D: A Lightweight 3D U-Net for Brain Tumor Segmentation from Multi-Modal MRI
May 6, 2026Nand Kumar Mishra, Dhruv Mishra, Dr Manu Pratap SinghInteractive Medical Image Segmentation Image Segmentation
Department of Computer Science, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra, India. · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, India.
Enhanced 3D Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Assorted Precision Training
May 5, 2026Adwaitt Pandya, Ozioma C. Oguine, Harita Bhargava +1Medical Image Segmentation 3D Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Computer Science, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal, India · Department of Computer Science, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
M\textsuperscript{4}Fuse: Lightweight State-Space MoE with a Cross-Scale Gating Bridge for Brain Tumor Segmentation
May 4, 2026Meihua Zhou, Xinyu Tong, Li YangImage Segmentation Multi-Scale Feature Fusion
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · 2Wannan Medical University
Uni-Encoder Meets Multi-Encoders: Representation Before Fusion for Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalities
Apr 24, 2026Peibo Song, Xiaotian Xue, Jinshuo Zhang +5Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Hybrid CNN-Transformer Architectures
School of Mathematics, Shandong University · 2GSFS, The University of Tokyo · 3MedVisAI Lab +2
Agentic Large Language Models for Training-Free Neuro-Radiological Image Analysis
Apr 17, 2026Ayhan Can Erdur, Daniel Scholz, Jiazhen Pan +3Medical Image Analysis Longitudinal Medical Image Analysis
Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany · Chair for AI in Healthcare and Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany · Chair for AI for Image-Guided Diagnosis and Therapy, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany +3
Topology-Driven Fusion of nnU-Net and MedNeXt for Accurate Brain Tumor Segmentation on Sub-Saharan Africa Dataset
Apr 17, 2026Prabin Bohara, Pralhad Kumar Shrestha, Arpan Rai +8Medical Image Segmentation Oncology
Institute of Engineering, Thapathali Campus, Nepal · Gandaki College of Engineering and Science, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal · Nepal Engineering College, Changunarayan-4, Bhaktapur, Nepal +9
CausalDisenSeg: A Causality-Guided Disentanglement Framework with Counterfactual Reasoning for Robust Brain Tumor Segmentation Under Missing Modalities
Apr 15, 2026Bo Liu, Yulong Zou, Jin HongBrain Tumor Segmentation Medical Image Segmentation
School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China · School of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Adaptive Dual Residual U-Net with Attention Gate and Multiscale Spatial Attention Mechanisms (ADRUwAMS)
Apr 10, 2026Mohsen Yaghoubi SurakiBrain Tumor Segmentation U-Net
Improving Generalization of Deep Learning for Brain Metastases Segmentation Across Institutions
Apr 1, 2026Yuchen Yang, Shuangyang Zhong, Haijun Yu +4Medical Image Segmentation Brain Tumor Segmentation
Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China · Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Neuromodulation and Brain Disorder Treatment, Beijing, China · Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Fairboard: a quantitative framework for equity assessment of healthcare models
Mar 30, 2026James K. Ruffle, Samia Mohinta, Chris Foulon +5Algorithmic Fairness Medical Image Segmentation
Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK · Dept. of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK · Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LABRI), Université de Bordeaux, France

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Do Medical Foundation Models Generalize on the African Brain?

Kaouther Mouheb, Gonzalo Esteban Mosquera Rojas, Juancito van Leeuwen, Stefan Klein+1

Dept. of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Medical Imaging Foundation Models Neuroimaging Brain Tumor Segmentation Cross-Dataset Generalization

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Medical foundation models (FMs) are increasingly used for brain MRI analysis. However, their evaluation remains dominated by high-resource datasets, leaving generalization to African cohorts underexplored. We assess whether FMs generalize equally to African and non-African brain MRI data across two tasks: dementia classification using a Nigerian dataset and brain tumor segmentation using BraTS-Africa. We evaluate two generalist FMs (BrainIAC, 3DINO) and two segmentation-specific FMs (MedSAM2, Medical-SAM2) against a from-scratch baseline. For classification, FMs provide limited gains (highest ROC-AUC of 0.86 with BrainIAC), whereas for segmentation they consistently improve performance, reaching up to 0.86 Dice with MedSAM2. Performance differences between African and non-African cohorts are inconsistent and appear more related to dataset size than data origin. These results suggest that FMs do not exhibit an inherent bias against African cohorts, and highlight the limited availability and diversity of African neuroimaging datasets as the main barrier to robust evaluation and deployment.