Clinical Reasoning

Latest papers 133

24 papers in the last four weeks, up 14% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

Reinforcement Learning Improves LLM Accuracy and Reasoning in Disease Classification from Radiology Reports
Apr 21, 2026Yishu Wei, Yi Lin, Adam Flanders +2Healthcare Clinical Reasoning
Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY · Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA · Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
The Provenance Gap in Clinical AI: Evidence-Traceable Temporal Knowledge Graphs for Rare Disease Reasoning
Apr 18, 2026Md Shamim Ahmed, Maja Dusanic, Moritz Nikolai Kirschner +4Data Provenance Healthcare
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark · Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
Can LLMs Accurately Score Medical Diagnoses and Clinical Reasoning?
Apr 16, 2026Amy Rouillard, Sitwala Mundia, Linda Camara +8LLM-as-a-Judge Healthcare
aWits MIND Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa · fSchool of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa · bGrai Labs, Cape Town, South Africa +3
Beyond Literal Summarization: Redefining Hallucination for Medical SOAP Note Evaluation
Apr 16, 2026Bhavik Vachhani, Kush Shrisvastava, Pranshu Nema +1Medical Report Generation Clinical Reasoning
Augnito Research
Learning Diagnostic Reasoning for Decision Support in Toxicology
Mar 31, 2026Nico Oberländer, David Bani-Harouni, Tobias Zellner +3Clinical Decision Support RL for Language Model Reasoning
Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technical University of Munich, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Germany · Department of Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Center Munich, TUM Klinikum rechts der Isar, Germany
Beyond Idealized Patients: Evaluating LLMs under Challenging Patient Behaviors in Medical Consultations
Mar 31, 2026Yahan Li, Xinyi Jie, Wanjia Ruan +5Healthcare Clinical Reasoning
University of Southern California
MIND: Unified Inquiry and Diagnosis RL with Criteria Grounded Clinical Supports for Psychiatric Consultation
Mar 4, 2026Guoyi Li, Shihao Xu, Jiatong Ma +4Healthcare Evidence-Grounded Reasoning
EverMind AI Inc., California, USA · Venus Team, Ant Group · Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute, Shanghai, China +3
MedGPT-oss: Training a General-Purpose Vision-Language Model for Biomedicine
Mar 1, 2026Kai Zhang, Zhengqing Yuan, Cheng Peng +10Healthcare Multimodal Pretraining
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame · Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida +3
Think Like a Doctor: Conversational Diagnosis through the Exploration of Diagnostic Knowledge Graphs
Feb 2, 2026Jeongmoon Won, Seungwon Kook, Yohan JoHealthcare Medical Diagnosis
Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University
EndoCogniAgent: Closed-Loop Agentic Reasoning with Self-Consistency Validation for Endoscopic Diagnosis
Aug 10, 2025Yi Tang, Kai-Ni Wang, Liang-Peng Pu +3Endoscopy Medical Imaging
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China · Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China · State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China +2
Timely Clinical Diagnosis through Active Test Selection
Date pendingSilas Ruhrberg Estévez, Nicolás Astorga, Mihaela van der SchaarClinical Decision Support Clinical Decision-Making
University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
Towards Reliable Medical LLMs: Benchmarking and Enhancing Confidence Estimation of Large Language Models in Medical Consultation
Date pendingZhiyao Ren, Yibing Zhan, Siyuan Liang +3Healthcare Clinical Reasoning
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. · Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
MedCollab: IBIS-Guided Multi-Agent Collaboration with Hierarchical Disease Relation Chains for Clinical Diagnosis
Date pendingYuqi Zhan, Xinyue Wu, Tianyu Lin +6Multi-Agent LLM Systems Medical Report Generation
Hangzhou Dianzi University · Zhejiang University · Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents’ Health and Diseases

Apr 21, 2026, cs.AIJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Reinforcement Learning Improves LLM Accuracy and Reasoning in Disease Classification from Radiology Reports

Yishu Wei, Yi Lin, Adam Flanders, George Shih+1

Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY · Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA · Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY

Healthcare Clinical Reasoning RL Fine-Tuning Medical LLMs

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Accurate disease classification from radiology reports is essential for many applications. While supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of lightweight LLMs improves accuracy, it can degrade reasoning. We propose a two-stage approach: SFT on disease labels followed by Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) to refine predictions by optimizing accuracy and format without reasoning supervision. Across three radiologist-annotated datasets, SFT outperformed baselines and GRPO further improved classification and enhanced reasoning recall and comprehensiveness.