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38 papers in the last four weeks, up 41% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

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JMed48k: A Multi-Profession Japanese Medical Licensing Benchmark for Vision-Language Model Evaluation
May 21, 2026Yue Xun, Junyu Liu, Qian Niu +10VLM Evaluation Healthcare
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Kyoto University · The University of Tokyo +3
Active Evidence-Seeking and Diagnostic Reasoning in Large Language Models for Clinical Decision Support
May 21, 2026Chen Zhan, Xihe Qiu, Xiaoyu Tan +8Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China. · Department, Tencent Youtu Lab, Shanghai, 200233, China. · Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China. +4
ChronoMedicalWorld: A Medical World Model for Learning Patient Trajectories from Longitudinal Care Data
May 21, 2026Jiangyuan Wang, Xuyong Chen, Junwei He +3Latent Dynamics Modeling Healthcare
Beijing KidneyTec Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
Claim-Selective Certification for High-Risk Medical Retrieval-Augmented Generation
May 21, 2026Shao KanClaim Verification Healthcare
Jinglue Technology Development (Nanjing) Co., Ltd.
When Cases Get Rare: A Retrieval Benchmark for Off-Guideline Clinical Question Answering
May 20, 2026Doeun Lee, Muge Zhang, Yi Yu +11LLM Grounding Healthcare
The Ohio State University · The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center · University of Chicago Medical Center
Embedding-Based Federated Learning with Runtime Governance for Iron Deficiency Prediction
May 20, 2026Fan Zhang, Simon Deltadahl, Majid Lotfian Delouee +10Federated Learning Aggregation Healthcare
Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK · Translational AI Laboratory, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam, The Netherlands · Precision Health University Research Institute Queen Mary Univ. of London London, UK +3
Automatic Discovery of Disease Subgroups by Contrasting with Healthy Controls
May 20, 2026Robin Louiset, Edouard Duchesnay, Benoit Dufumier +2Contrastive Learning Healthcare
1NeuroSpin, Universit´e Paris-Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France. · 2LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, T´el´ecom Paris, Palaiseau,2026 91120, France.
Reliable Automated Triage in Spanish Clinical Notes: A Hybrid Framework for Risk-Aware HIV Suspicion Identification
May 20, 2026Rodrigo Morales-Sánchez, Soto Montalvo, Raquel MartínezSelective Prediction Healthcare
Dept. Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, ETSI Informática, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) · Dept. Informática y Estadística, ETSI Informática, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC)
A Deployment Audit of Release-Side Risk in Conformal Triage under Prevalence Shift
May 20, 2026Chengze Li, Xiao Liu, Hanrong Zhang +7Distribution Shift Algorithmic Auditing
University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA · Manteia Technologies Co., Ltd, Xiamen, China · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA +1
GraphRAG on Consumer Hardware: Benchmarking Local LLMs for Healthcare EHR Schema Retrieval
May 20, 2026Peter Fernandes, Ria KanjilalLLM Inference Efficiency LLM Grounding
Department of Computer Engineering California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
Causal Machine Learning Is Not a Panacea: A Roadmap for Observational Causal Inference in Health
May 20, 2026Donna Tjandra, Trenton Chang, Sonali Parbhoo +8Healthcare Causal Inference
Division of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States · Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK · Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York, United States +8
VIHD: Visual Intervention-based Hallucination Detection for Medical Visual Question Answering
May 20, 2026Jiayi Chen, Benteng Ma, Zehui Liao +3Hallucination Detection in VLMs Healthcare
Department of Data Science & AI, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia · Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China · Alfred Health Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia +1
CandorMD: An AI-Assisted Audio Simulation and Feedback System for Training Clinicians for Medical Error Disclosure
May 20, 2026Inna Wanyin Lin, Sahand Sabour, Hong Sng +4Healthcare Human-AI Interaction
University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA · Tsinghua University Beijing, China
MedExpMem: Adapting Experience Memory for Differential Diagnosis
May 20, 2026Qianhan Feng, Zhongzhen Huang, Yakun Zhu +4Radiology VLMs Healthcare
The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Shanghai Innovation Institue
Do No Harm? Hallucination and Actor-Level Abuse in Web-Deployed Medical Large Language Models
May 20, 2026Sunday Oyinlola Ogundoyin, Muhammad Ikram, Rahat MasoodLanguage Model Safety Evaluation Healthcare
Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia · The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding
May 19, 2026Mohammad H. Abbasi, Favour Nerrise, Shaurnav Ghosh +12Healthcare 3D Medical Imaging
Stanford University · 1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
HalluCXR: Benchmarking and Mitigating Hallucinations in Medical Vision-Language Models for Chest Radiograph Interpretation
May 19, 2026Haoyu Wang, Zitong LiVision-Language Models Audio-Language Model Hallucination Detection
Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
ClinSeekAgent: Automating Multimodal Evidence Seeking for Agentic Clinical Reasoning
May 19, 2026Juncheng Wu, Letian Zhang, Yuhan Wang +5Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
UC Santa Cruz
PromptRad: Knowledge-Enhanced Multi-Label Prompt-Tuning for Low-Resource Radiology Report Labeling
May 19, 2026Ying-Jia Lin, Tzu-Chin Lo, Ping-Chien Li +3Multi-Label Classification Healthcare
Department of Artificial Intelligence and AI Research Center, Chang Gung University · Department of Radiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital · Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital +2
Set-Valued Policy Learning
May 19, 2026Laura Fuentes-Vicente, Mathieu Even, Gaëlle Dormion +3Healthcare Learning to Defer
Inria PreMeDICaL, Inserm, Montpellier, France · Elixir Health, Paris, France · Université Paris Cité, CNRS, MAP5, F-75006 Paris, France +1
Synthesis and Evaluation of Long-term History-aware Medical Dialogue
May 19, 2026Hebin Hu, Renke Dai, Ah-Hwee Tan +1Healthcare AI Agent Benchmarks
South-Central Minzu University Wuhan, China · Singapore Management University Singapore, Singapore
Learning to Select Source-Traceable Evidence for Language-Model Prediction from Irregular Clinical Time Series
May 19, 2026Kwanhyung Lee, Juhwan Choi, Jongheon Kim +5Irregular Time-Series Modeling Healthcare
Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI, KAIST · AITRICS
ExECG: An Explainable AI Framework for ECG models
May 19, 2026Jong-Hwan Jang, Yong-yeon JoExplainable Artificial Intelligence Healthcare
Medical AI Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
What Does the AI Doctor Value? Auditing Pluralism in the Clinical Ethics of Language Models
May 18, 2026Payal Chandak, Victoria Alkin, David Wu +11Moral Reasoning in Language Models Healthcare
Evaluating the Utility of Personal Health Records in Personalized Health AI
May 18, 2026Rory Sayres, Kejia Chen, Ayush Jain +19LLM Personalization Healthcare
1Google Research · †Work done while at Google Research
Distilling Tabular Foundation Models for Structured Health Data
May 18, 2026Aditya Tanna, Nassim Bouarour, Mohamed Bouadi +2Tabular Foundation Models Efficient Neural Network Inference
Lexsi Labs
Learning Normal Representations for Blood Biomarkers
May 18, 2026Aashna P. Shah, Michelle M. Li, Yash Lal +9Healthcare Longitudinal EHR Modeling
Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA · Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA · The Ivan and Francesca Berkowitz Family Living Laboratory Collaboration at Harvard Medical School and Clalit Research Institute, USA and Israel +5
Wasserstein Equilibrium Decoding for Reliable Medical Visual Question Answering
May 18, 2026Luca Hagen, Johanna P. Müller, Weitong Zhang +2Healthcare Efficient VLM Inference
Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany · Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom · University College London, London, United Kingdom
AURORA: Contextual Orthogonalization for Geometric Representation Learning in Healthcare Foundation Models
May 18, 2026Yuanyun Zhang, Shi LiDisentangled Representation Learning Representation Learning
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences · Columbia University
Memisis: Orchestrating and Evaluating Synthetic Data for Tabular Health Datasets
May 18, 2026Nitish Nagesh, Pengbao Zhou, Atchuth Naveen Chilaparasetti +8Healthcare Synthetic Tabular Data Generation
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA · PathAI, USA

May 21, 2026, cs.CVJ/K move · Enter open · S save

JMed48k: A Multi-Profession Japanese Medical Licensing Benchmark for Vision-Language Model Evaluation

Yue Xun, Junyu Liu, Qian Niu, Xinyi Wang+9

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Kyoto University · The University of Tokyo+3

VLM Evaluation Healthcare Medical VQA Medical VLMs Medical Image Benchmarks

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We introduce JMed48k, a multi-profession Japanese healthcare licensing benchmark for evaluating vision-language models. Built from official PDF materials released by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, JMed48k contains 48,862 exam questions and 20,142 images from 11 national licensing examinations between 2005 and 2025, with visual content annotated under an 8-type taxonomy. From this corpus, we derive JMed48k-Eval, a recent five-year evaluation subset with 12,484 scored questions, including 9,905 text-only questions and 2,579 questions with images. We evaluate 21 proprietary, open-source, and medical-specific models, reporting text-only and with-image performance separately. Because these subsets contain different questions, we further introduce a paired image-removal audit that evaluates questions with images before and after removing visual content to explore four answer-transition states. The audit shows that proprietary and open source models gain substantially from images, whereas medical-specific systems show limited observable use of visual evidence, with many correct answers persisting after image removal. Even among proprietary models, the net image-removal effect varies sevenfold across professions, from +5.7 points on Physician questions to +39.8 points on Public Health Nurse questions. We release JMed48k to support reproducible, profession-stratified evaluation of vision-language models in medical licensing settings.