Image Segmentation

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Overview

Image segmentation assigns each pixel or voxel to a meaningful region, object, or structure, enabling tasks such as measuring anatomy, mapping land, and understanding scenes. Methods range from thresholding and variational contours to U-Net-style networks, transformers, and foundation models such as SAM, often guided by text, points, boxes, or reference images. Current work also explores learning from sparse labels, synthetic data, multiple modalities, and video, with benchmarks spanning medical scans, natural images, remote sensing, and microscopy. A central challenge is balancing accurate boundaries and topology with reliable performance on new domains, limited annotations, uncertainty, and practical limits on speed and memory.

Latest papers

CardsList

401 papers24 papers in the last four weeks, up 9% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Segmenting Low-Contrast XCTs of Concrete: An Unsupervised Approach

    Feb 23, 2026Kaustav Das, Gaston Rauchs, Jan Sykora +1Image SegmentationSuperpixel Segmentation

    Department of Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague 6, Czech Republic · Structural Composites Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

  2. Subtle Motion Blur Detection and Segmentation from Static Image Artworks

    Feb 21, 2026Ganesh Samarth, Sibendu Paul, Solale Tabarestani +1Image SegmentationImage Quality Assessment

    Amazon Prime Video

  3. RamanSeg: Interpretability-driven Deep Learning on Raman Spectra for Cancer Diagnosis

    Feb 20, 2026Chris Tomy, Mo Vali, David Pertzborn +9Image SegmentationMedical Diagnosis

    Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK · Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK · Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany +2

  4. Enabling Training-Free Text-Based Remote Sensing Segmentation

    Feb 19, 2026Jose Sosa, Danila Rukhovich, Anis Kacem +1Text-Guided Image SegmentationRemote Sensing Image Segmentation

    SnT, University of Luxembourg

  5. Conformal Prediction Sets for Instance Segmentation

    Feb 10, 2026Kerri Lu, Dan M. Kluger, Stephen Bates +1Image SegmentationInstance Segmentation

    Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA · Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA · Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA +1

  6. Superpixel-Based Image Segmentation Using Squared 2-Wasserstein Distances

    Jan 22, 2026Jisui Huang, Andreas Alpers, Ke Chen +1Superpixel SegmentationImage Segmentation

    Department of Mathematical Sciences, Centre for Mathematical Imaging Techniques (CMIT), University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool, L697ZL, Merseyside, United Kingdom. · School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, West Third Ring Road North, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China. · Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Richmond St, Glasgow, G11XH, Scotland, United Kingdom. +1

  7. Tracing 3D Anatomy in 2D Strokes: A Multi-Stage Projection Driven Approach to Cervical Spine Fracture Identification

    Jan 21, 2026Fabi Nahian Madhurja, Rusab Sarmun, Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury +3Image SegmentationMedical Image Analysis

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh · Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh · Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar +1

  8. DivAS: Interactive 3D Segmentation by Depth-Weighted Voxel Aggregation

    Jan 8, 2026Ayush Pande, Mayank VatsaImage Segmentation3D Semantic Segmentation

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur · Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur

  9. LSP-DETR: Efficient and Scalable Nuclei Segmentation in Whole-Slide Images

    Jan 6, 2026Matěj Pekár, Vít Musil, Rudolf Nenutil +2Computational PathologyImage Segmentation

    Masaryk University, Faculty of Informatics, Botanická 68a, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic · Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, Brno, 656 53, Czech Republic · BBMRI-ERIC, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 2/B/6, Graz, 8010, Austria

  10. Learning to Segment Liquids in Real-world Images

    Jan 2, 2026Jonas Li, Michelle Li, Luke Liu +2Image SegmentationBoundary-Aware Segmentation

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA

  11. Atlas is Your Perfect Context: One-Shot Customization for Generalizable Foundational Medical Image Segmentation

    Dec 20, 2025Ziyu Zhang, Yi Yu, Simeng Zhu +4Image SegmentationMedical Imaging Foundation Models

    Nanjing University · The Ohio State University · Stanford University

  12. Ophiuchus: Incentivizing Tool-augmented "Think with Images" for Joint Medical Segmentation, Understanding and Reasoning

    Dec 16, 2025Yankai Jiang, Yujie Zhang, Peng Zhang +5Image SegmentationTool Use in VLMs

    Zhejiang University · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · Shanghai Innovation Institute +5

  13. Uncertainty-Aware Domain Adaptation for Vitiligo Segmentation in Clinical Photographs

    Dec 12, 2025Wentao Jiang, Vamsi Varra, Caitlin Perez-Stable +3Image SegmentationDomain Adaptation

    Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States · U.S. Dermatology Partners, Houston, TX, United States · School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States

  14. Ideal Observer for Segmentation of Dead Leaves Images

    Dec 5, 2025Swantje Mahncke, Malte Ott, Lars C. Reining +1Image SegmentationOcclusion Reasoning

    Centre for Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, TU Darmstadt, Germany · Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg, Giessen, and Darmstadt, Germany · Department of Mathematics, TU Darmstadt, Germany

  15. MedSAM3: Delving into Segment Anything with Medical Concepts

    Nov 24, 2025Anglin Liu, Xu R. Cao, Yifan Shen +4Image SegmentationMedical Imaging Foundation Models

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · Southeast University +1

  16. UnSAMv2: Self-Supervised Learning Enables Segment Anything at Any Granularity

    Nov 17, 2025Junwei Yu, Trevor Darrell, XuDong WangImage SegmentationPromptable Image Segmentation

    UC Berkeley

  17. Exploring the Underwater World Segmentation without Extra Training

    Nov 11, 2025Bingyu Li, Tao Huo, Da Zhang +3Image SegmentationOpen-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation

    Institute of Artificial Intelligence (TeleAI), China Telecom, China · University of Science and Technology of China, China · Northwestern Polytechnical University, China

  18. Improved Robustness from Biologically Inspired Sparse Contrast Representations

    Sep 29, 2025Lorena Stracke, Lia Nimmermann, Shashank Agnihotri +3Distribution Shift RobustnessImage Segmentation

    Media Systems, University of Siegen, Germany · Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Germany · Analogue Circuits and Image Sensors, University of Siegen, Germany +1

  19. Confidence-Calibrating Regularization for Robust Brain MRI Segmentation Under Domain Shift

    Sep 27, 2025Behraj Khan, Tahir Qasim Syed, Syed Ahmad Chan BukhariImage SegmentationPromptable Image Segmentation

    St. John’s University New York, USA · Institute of Business Administration Karachi Pakistan

  20. RefAM: Attention Magnets for Zero-Shot Referral Segmentation

    Sep 26, 2025Anna Kukleva, Enis Simsar, Alessio Tonioni +4Attention MechanismsImage Segmentation

    Max Planck Institute for Informatics, SIC · ETH Zürich · Google +1

  21. RAU: Reference-based Anatomical Understanding with Vision Language Models

    Sep 26, 2025Yiwei Li, Yikang Liu, Jiaqi Guo +7Image SegmentationMedical VLMs

    United Imaging Intelligence, Boston, MA, USA · School of Computing, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

  22. Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma Guided Network for Efficient 3D Medical Segmentation

    Sep 26, 2025Jinpeng Lu, Linghan Cai, Yinda Chen +4Cross-Modality Medical Image SegmentationImage Segmentation

    University of Science and Technology of China · Dresden University of Technology · Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen

  23. Uncertain but Useful: Leveraging CNN Training Variability into Data Augmentation

    Sep 5, 2025Inés Gonzalez-Pepe, Vinuyan Sivakolunthu, Yohan Chatelain +1Image SegmentationData Augmentation

    Department of Computer Science Concordia University Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada · Department of Computer Science Concordia University2026 Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada · Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada +1

  24. Achieving detailed medial temporal lobe segmentation with upsampled isotropic training from implicit neural representation

    Aug 24, 2025Yue Li, Pulkit Khandelwal, Rohit Jena +8Alzheimer's DiseaseImage Segmentation

    University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States · Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, United States · Lund University, Lund, Sweden

  25. Good Enough? An Investigation on the Impact of Label Quality in Large-Scale Medical Datasets

    May 27, 2025Alexander Jaus, Zdravko Marinov, Constantin Seibold +4Image SegmentationMedical Imaging Foundation Models

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany · HIDSS4Health - Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health, Karlsruhe/Heidelberg, Germany · Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital +1

  26. LlamaSeg: Image Segmentation via Autoregressive Mask Generation

    May 26, 2025Jiru Deng, Tengjin Weng, Tianyu Yang +3Image SegmentationText-Guided Image Segmentation

    Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ) · Tsinghua University · Shenzhen University +2

  27. Bridging the Inter-Domain Gap through Low-Level Features for Cross-Modal Medical Image Segmentation

    May 17, 2025Pengfei Lyu, Pak-Hei Yeung, Jing Xia +5Cross-Modal LearningCross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation

    Northeastern University, Shenyang, China · Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

  28. Synergistic Vision-Language Reinforcement Enables Scalable On-Demand Analysis across Diverse Clinical Tasks

    May 6, 2025Haonan Wang, Jiaji Mao, Lehan Wang +11Image SegmentationMedical Imaging Foundation Models

    Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR · Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR

  29. Semi-Supervised Biomedical Image Segmentation via Diffusion Models and Teacher-Student Co-Training

    Apr 2, 2025Luca Ciampi, Gabriele Lagani, Giuseppe Amato +1Medical Image SegmentationSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    ISTI-CNR, Pisa, Italy

  30. SegKAN: High-Resolution Medical Image Segmentation with Long-Distance Dependencies

    Dec 28, 2024Shengbo Tan, Rundong Xue, Shipeng Luo +7Image SegmentationLong-Range Dependency Modeling

    College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610225, China · Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China · College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China +4