Medical Image Analysis

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Overview

Medical image analysis develops methods to detect disease, segment anatomy, track changes over time, reconstruct images, and estimate clinically useful measurements from modalities such as CT, MRI, X-rays, ultrasound, and retinal imaging. Common approaches include U-Net-style segmentation, transformers, self-supervised and foundation-model learning, multimodal vision-language systems, and methods that incorporate anatomical or physical constraints. Models are tested on tasks and benchmarks such as BraTS for brain tumors, ACDC for cardiac MRI, and EchoNet for echocardiography, with growing attention to external-site testing, calibration, and clinical workflow. A central challenge is that strong benchmark results may not transfer across scanners, hospitals, patient groups, or acquisition protocols, so reliable deployment requires better validation, uncertainty estimates, and safeguards against bias and privacy risks.

Latest papers

CardsList

292 papers27 papers in the last four weeks, down 13% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. CPR: Chained Perceptual Refinement for Coarse-to-Fine Medical Image Classification

    Jul 1, 2026Si-Yuan Lu, Hanruo Zhu, Ziquan Zhu +6Visual AttentionMedical Image Analysis

    Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China · University of Leicester, Leicester, UK · University of Exeter, Exeter, UK +1

  2. Self-Supervised Temporal Regularization for Landmark-Based Cardiac Segmentation with Automatic AHA Regional Mapping

    Jun 30, 2026David Montalvo-García, Nicolás Gaggion, María J. Ledesma-Carbayo +1Ultrasound Image SegmentationSelf-Supervised Learning

    Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain · Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain · APOLO Biotech, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina +2

  3. Joint Medical Image Enhancement and Segmentation with Diffusion-based Symbiotic Information Interaction

    Jun 30, 2026Ying Chen, Jinyue Li, Qiankun LiDiffusion Models for Image RestorationImage Enhancement

    Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong · University of Science and Technology of China · Imperial Global Singapore, Imperial College London

  4. A multi-architecture study of specificity refinement and false-positive mechanism analysis in prostate MRI

    Jun 29, 2026Yongbo Shu, Kewen Chen, Yifeng Yuan +5Medical Image AnalysisMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China · School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China · Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research (Central South University), Changsha, Hunan 410011, China +1

  5. TopoAgent: An Agentic Framework for Automated Topology Learning in Medical Imaging

    Jun 29, 2026Guangyu Meng, Pengfei Gu, Xueyang Li +3Medical Image AnalysisPersistent Homology

    Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA · Dept. of Computer Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA

  6. BTI-Net: Bidirectional Decoder-Level Task Interaction via Uncertainty-Aware Gating for Multi-Task Medical Image Analysis

    Jun 27, 2026Abdullah Al Shafi, Md Kawsar Mahmud Khan Zunayed, Safin Ahmmed +2Medical Image AnalysisMulti-Task Learning

    Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Bangladesh · University Clermont Auvergne, France

  7. Parameter-Efficient Continuous-Variable Photonic Quantum Neural Networks for Edge Quantum AI: Demonstration in Oral Cancer Detection

    Jun 26, 2026Akshay Bhagwan Sonawane, Sophie Choe, Lakshman TamilMedical Image AnalysisHybrid Quantum-Classical ML

    Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, TX 75080

  8. A Latent ODE Approach to Spatiotemporal Modeling of Cine Cardiac MRI

    Jun 25, 2026David Brüggemann, Ekaterina Krymova, Firat Özdemir +6Latent Dynamics ModelingMedical Image Analysis

    Swiss Data Science Center, EPFL and ETH Zürich, Switzerland · Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland · Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Switzerland +2

  9. Revealing Mammographic Phenotypes in Deep Learning Breast Cancer Risk Models

    Jun 24, 2026Ruiyu Jia, Yanqi Xu, Yuxuan Chen +2Breast CancerMedical Image Analysis

    Department of Mathematics, New York University Shanghai, China · Center for Data Science, New York University, USA · Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA +1

  10. BenchX: Benchmarking AI Models for Cancer Detection and Localization with Demographic and Protocol Biases

    Jun 23, 2026Qi Chen, Wenxuan Li, Pedro R. A. S. Bassi +14Distribution ShiftMedical Image Analysis

    Johns Hopkins University · German Cancer Research Center · University Hospital Basel +10

  11. From Point Estimates to Distributions: GMM Pooling for MIL in Preterm Birth Prediction

    Jun 22, 2026Hussain Alasmawi, Numan Saeed, Soha Said +1Medical Image AnalysisGaussian Mixture Models

    Division of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates · Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi, UAE

  12. Surgical Anatomy Recognition with Context Learning using Foundation Representations

    Jun 20, 2026Ronald L. P. D. de Jong, Tim J. M. Jaspers, Raf A. H. Vervoort +9Medical Image AnalysisSurgical Video Understanding

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands · Department of Electrical Engineering, Architectures for Reliable Image Analysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands · Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands +3

  13. Graph-of-Differences: Anatomy-Structured Difference Alignment for Medical Image Re-Identification

    Jun 19, 2026Nichula Wasalathilaka, Abhijit Das, Imran Razzak +1Graph MatchingImage Matching

    Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE. · MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, UAE. · MedOS, Abu Dhabi, UAE. +1

  14. GIM-ENDO: A Multimodal Endoscopic Image and Video Dataset for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Morphology and Pathology

    Jun 18, 2026Mojgan Forootan, Mahziar Setayeshfar, Ali Darvishi +2EndoscopyMedical Imaging

    Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran · Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran · Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran +2

  15. Predicting gestational age at birth in the context of preterm birth from multi-modal fetal MRI

    Jun 18, 2026Diego Fajardo-Rojas, Megan Hall, Daniel Cromb +4Fetal MRIMedical Image Analysis

    Early Life Imaging department, King’s College London, London, UK · Biomedical Computing department, King’s College London, London, UK · Women’s Health department, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK +1

  16. REVEAL++: Differentiable Phenotypic Grouping for Vision-Language Retinal Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease Risk

    Jun 17, 2026Ethan Elio Meidinger, Seowung Leem, Zeyun Zhao +1Contrastive LearningMedical Image Analysis

    University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA · J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

  17. Beyond Algorithms: Conceptual Innovation in Medical Imaging AI

    Jun 17, 2026Mark A. AnastasioMedical Image Analysis

    Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA

  18. Deep Image Prototype Learning with Geometric Heat-Kernel Priors

    Jun 17, 2026Jiarui Xing, Tal Zeevi, Nian Wu +1Medical Image AnalysisPrototype Learning

    Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06510, USA · University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA · Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02115, USA

  19. Phenotyping TPF via Self-Supervised Learning: A Label-Agnostic Framework with Expert Validation

    Jun 15, 2026Miral Elnakib, Muhammad Saad, Ahmad Al-KabbanySelf-Supervised LearningMedical Image Analysis

    Faculty of Sciences Alexandria University · Multimedia Interaction and Communication Lab Wearables, Biosensing, and Biosignal Processing Research Lab Arab Academy for Science and Technology

  20. Unified Multimodal Model for Brain MRI Imputation and Understanding

    Jun 15, 2026Zhiyun Song, Che Liu, Tian Xia +2Missing-Modality LearningUnified Multimodal Models

    Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK · Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK

  21. Ellipse Meets Bit-Planes: A Novel Approach to RNFL based Glaucoma Detection Using Advanced Image Processing and Deep Learning

    Jun 14, 2026Snigdha Paul, Sambit Mallick, Anindya SenMedical Image AnalysisFundus Imaging

    Electronics and Communication Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, 700107, West Bengal, India

  22. CEVAR: Centerline Embedding Extraction for Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

    Jun 14, 2026Roman Naeem, Timo Niiniskorpi, Charlotte Sandström +6Medical Image Analysis3D Medical Imaging

    Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden · The University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden · Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden

  23. Landmark-free Assessment of Lower-limb Alignment with Implicit Neural Shape Functions from Knee Radiographs

    Jun 13, 2026Zhisen Hu, Antti Kemppainen, David Johnson +5Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Representation Learning

    Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom · Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Finland · Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland +4

  24. Gaussian Spatial Priors for Anatomy-Aware Object Detection in Surgical Videos

    Jun 13, 2026Yunfan Li, Artem Shmelev, Himanshu GuptaMedical Image AnalysisDetection Transformer

    Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY 11794, USA · Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook NY 11794, USA

  25. Acquisition state behaves as a structured, measurable variable governing lung-nodule AI: kernel-driven measurement instability and noise-driven detection fragility, invisible to DICOM metadata

    Jun 11, 2026Daniel SolimanMedical ImagingMedical Image Analysis

  26. vesselFM-CT: Segmenting All Blood Vessels in CT Images for System-Level Cardiovascular Analysis

    Jun 8, 2026Bastian Wittmann, Chinmay Prabhakar, Suprosanna Shit +1Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Segmentation

    Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

  27. Compute-Optimal Network Design for Echocardiography Myocardial Segmentation and Perfusion Quantification using Neural Scaling Laws

    Jun 4, 2026Clara Rodrigo González, Matthieu Toulemonde, Lasha Gvinianidze +5Ultrasound Image SegmentationMedical Image Analysis

    Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London London, UK · National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust

  28. MMBU: A Massive Multi-modal Biomedical Understanding Benchmark to Probe the Perception Capabilities of Vision-Language Models

    Jun 4, 2026Ryan D'Cunha, Alejandro Lozano, Xiaoxiao Sun +17Medical Image AnalysisMedical VLMs

    Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico · Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia +4

  29. SC-MFJ: A Simple Haptic Quality Metric for Medical Image Segmentation

    Jun 4, 2026Souraj Adhikary, Negar Chabi, Andre MastmeyerMedical Image AnalysisHaptic Feedback

    Jade University of Applied Sciences Friedrich-Paffrath-Str. 101 26389 Wilhelmshaven, Germany

  30. StrokeTimer: Robust Representation Learning for Ischemic Stroke Onset-Time Estimation from Non-contrast CT

    Jun 3, 2026Weiru Wang, Susanne G. H. Olthuis, Elizaveta Lavrova +4Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Representation Learning

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands · Graduate School of Life Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands · Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands +3