Medical Image Classification

Latest papers 486

53 papers in the last four weeks, up 8% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

Training-Time Optical Priors for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Classification: Hemoglobin-Aware Input Fusion with Cross-Vendor Evaluation
May 14, 2026Chengshuai Yang, Lei Xing, Keyaan Zawad Alam +4Endoscopy Medical Image Classification
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, 75390, TX, USA · Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA · Coppell High School, Coppell, TX, USA +4
JANUS: Anatomy-Conditioned Gating for Robust CT Triage Under Distribution Shift
May 13, 2026Lavsen Dahal, Yubraj Bhandari, Geoffrey Rubin +1Distribution Shift Robustness Healthcare
Center for Virtual Imaging Trials, RAI Labs, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA · Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA · Department of Mathematics, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, Duke University,2026 Durham, NC 27708, USA +1
Robust and Explainable Bicuspid Aortic Valve Diagnosis Using Stacked Ensembles on Echocardiography
May 13, 2026Christos Chrysanthos Nikolaidis, Vasileios Sachpekidis, Nikolas Moustakidis +2Medical Diagnosis Echocardiography
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, 67100, Greece · Department of Cardiology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece · Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece +1
BrainAnytime: Anatomy-Aware Cross-Modal Pretraining for Brain Image Analysis with Arbitrary Modality Availability
May 13, 2026Guangqian Yang, Tong Ding, Wenlong Hou +4Missing-Modality Learning Masked Autoencoders
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China · Department of Technology Management for Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Japan · Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Anatomy-Slot: Unsupervised Anatomical Factorization for Homologous Bilateral Reasoning in Retinal Diagnosis
May 13, 2026Yingzhe Ma, Xiao Yang, Yuguo Yin +1Medical Image Analysis Medical Image Classification
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Peking University
Adaptive Conformal Prediction for Reliable and Explainable Medical Image Classification
May 13, 2026One Octadion, Novanto Yudistira, Lailil MuflikhahConformal Prediction Medical Image Classification
Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Prediction of Rectal Cancer Regrowth from Longitudinal Endoscopy
May 13, 2026Jorge Tapias Gomez, Despoina Kanata, Aneesh Rangnekar +8Endoscopy Medical Image Analysis
School of Computer Science, Cornell University and Cornell Tech, New York, NY · Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY · Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY +3
PRISM: Perinuclear Ring-based Image Segmentation Method for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Classification
May 13, 2026Larissa Ferreira Rodrigues Moreira, Leonardo Gabriel Ferreira Rodrigues, Rodrigo Moreira +1Computational Pathology Medical Image Classification
Institute of Exact and Technological Sciences – Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) Rio Paranaíba – MG – Brazil · School of Computer Science – Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) Uberlândia – MG – Brazil · Departament of Computing – Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) São Carlos – SP – Brazil
M3Net: A Macro-to-Meso-to-Micro Clinical-inspired Hierarchical 3D Network for Pulmonary Nodule Classification
May 12, 2026Jinyue Li, Yuzhou Yu, Jingjing Yang +73D Medical Imaging Hierarchical Representation Learning
Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China · University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China · Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, PR China +4
Uncovering Latent Pathological Signatures in Pulmonary CT via Cross-Window Knowledge Distillation
May 12, 2026Bo Peng, Wujian Xu, Kun Wang +8Medical Image Classification Computed Tomography
*These authors contributed equally to this work.
Brain Tumor Classification in MRI Images: A Computationally Efficient Convolutional Neural Network
May 11, 2026Md Fahimul Kabir Chowdhury, Jannatul FerdousEfficient Neural Network Inference Medical Image Classification
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, USA · Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh
Counterfactual Stress Testing for Image Classification Models
May 11, 2026Moritz Stammel, Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro, Raghav Mehta +2Distribution Shift Robustness OOD Generalization
Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK
Explanation-Aware Learning for Enhanced Interpretability in Biomedical Imaging
May 11, 2026Zubair Faruqui, Rahul DubeyMedical Image Classification Explainable Medical Image Analysis
Department of Computer Science, Missouri State University
Evaluating Federated Learning approaches for mammography under breast density heterogeneity
May 9, 2026Gonzalo Iñaki Quintana, Franco Martin Di Maria, Laurence VancambergFederated Learning Aggregation Medical Image Analysis
GE HealthCare, 283 Rue de la Mini`ere, 78530 Buc, France · ENS Paris-Saclay, 4 Av. des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France · IMT Atlantique, 655 Av. du Technopˆole, 29280 Plouzan´e, France +1
KEPIL: Knowledge-Enhanced Prompt-Image Learning for Prompt-Robust Disease Detection
May 9, 2026Haozhe Luo, Shelley Zixin Shu, Ziyu Zhou +2VLM Robustness Radiology VLMs
ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern · Kaiko.AI, Zurich, Switzerland · Shanghai Jiao Tong University +1
CT-IDP: Segmentation-Derived Quantitative Phenotypes for Interpretable Abdominal CT Disease Classification
May 9, 2026Lavsen Dahal, Joseph Y. LoMedical Image Classification Explainable Medical Image Analysis
1. Center for Virtual Imaging Trials, Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories · 3. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University · 4. Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University +1
Benchmarking Foundation Models for Renal Lesion Stratification in CT
May 8, 2026Hartmut Häntze, Sarah de Boer, Myrthe Buser +7Medical Imaging Foundation Models Medical Image Classification
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany · Radboudumc, Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Nijmegen, The Netherlands · Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany +2
A Unified Framework for the Detection and Classification of Fatty Pancreas in Ultrasound Images
May 8, 2026Ioan-Tudor-Alexandru Anghel, Ciprian-Mihai Ceausescu, Elena Dana Nedelcu +5Medical Image Classification
Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania · Ponderas Academic Hospital, Radiology, Bucharest, Romania · Ponderas Academic Hospital, Internal Medicine, Bucharest, Romania +2
AGA3DNet: Anatomy-Guided Gaussian Priors with Multi-view xLSTM for 3D Brain MRI Subtype Classification
May 8, 2026Peiyu Duan, Xueqi Guo, Sepehr Farhand +5Medical Image Analysis Medical Image Classification
1Yale University · 2Siemens Healthineers · 3Purdue University
Bridging visual saliency and large language models for explainable deep learning in medical imaging
May 7, 2026Paul Valery Nguezet, Elie Tagne Fute, Yusuf Brima +2Radiology Report Generation Medical Image Classification
Department of Mathematics and Computer science, University of Dschang, Dschang, 67, Cameroon. · Computer Vision, Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrueck, D-49090, Lower Saxony, Germany. · Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa. +1
Medical Imaging Classification with Cold-Atom Reservoir Computing using Auto-Encoders and Surrogate-Driven Training
May 7, 2026Nuno Batista, Ana Morgado, Oscar Ferraz +3Medical Image Analysis Hybrid Quantum-Classical ML
Instituto de Telecomunicações, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Coimbra, Portugal · CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Portugal · ISR - Institute of Systems and Robotics, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Coimbra, Portugal
External Validation of Deep Learning Models for BI-RADS Breast Density Prediction from Ultrasound Images
May 6, 2026Yuxuan Chen, Arianna Bunnell, Yanqi Xu +4Medical Image Classification Ultrasound Imaging
aPerlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA · cUniversity of Hawai’i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA · dUniversity of Hawai’i at M¯anoa, Honolulu, HI, USA +3
Few-Shot Learning Pipeline for Monkeypox Skin Disease Classification Using CNN Feature Extractors
May 6, 2026Md. Safirur Rashid, Sabbir Ahmed, Muhammad Usama Islam +2Skin Lesion Classification Prototype-Based Classification
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh · Management Information Systems, Metropolitan State University, Minnesota, USA · School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, LA, USA
Attention-Based Chaotic Self-Supervision for Medical Image Classification
May 6, 2026Joao Batista Florindo, Amanda Pontes de Oliveira OrnelasDenoising Autoencoders Self-Supervised Pre-Training
Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing - University of Campinas, Rua S´ergio Buarque de Holanda, 651, Campinas, Brasil
A Robust Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Framework for Medical Image Classification Using RKHS-MMD
May 5, 2026Sapna Sachan, Rakesh Kumar Sanodiya, Amulya Kumar MahtoChest X-Ray Classification Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Mehta Family School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India · Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing,2026 Jabalpur, India
Orientation-Aware Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Brain Tumor Classification Across Multi-Modal MRI
May 5, 2026Sapna Sachan, Amulya Kumar Mahto, Prashant Wagambar PatilUnsupervised Domain Adaptation Medical Image Classification
Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
Synthetic Data Generation for Long-Tail Medical Image Classification: A Case Study in Skin Lesions
May 4, 2026Jiaxiang Jiang, Mahesh Subedar, Omesh TickooSkin Lesion Classification Synthetic Data Augmentation
Intel · Google
Coherent Hierarchical Multi-Label Learning to Defer for Medical Imaging
May 4, 2026Joshua Strong, Pramit Saha, Emma Sun +2Hierarchical Classification Multi-Label Classification
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK · Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
OphMAE: Bridging Volumetric and Planar Imaging with a Foundation Model for Adaptive Ophthalmological Diagnosis
May 4, 2026Tienyu Chang, Zhen Chen, Renjie Liang +9Medical Imaging Foundation Models Masked Autoencoders
Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN · Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT · Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong +5
TumorXAI: Self-Supervised Deep Learning Framework for Explainable Brain MRI Tumor Classification
May 3, 2026Abrar Hossain Zahin, Amit Kumar Saha, Tanvir Mridha +5Self-Supervised Learning Medical Image Classification
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.

May 14, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

Training-Time Optical Priors for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Classification: Hemoglobin-Aware Input Fusion with Cross-Vendor Evaluation

Chengshuai Yang, Lei Xing, Keyaan Zawad Alam, Gregory Entin+3

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, 75390, TX, USA · Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA · Coppell High School, Coppell, TX, USA+4

Endoscopy Medical Image Classification Physics-Informed ML

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Gastrointestinal cancers cause approximately 3.4 million deaths annually, and early small-bowel lesions are easily missed at wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE). RGB-trained WCE classifiers conflate hemoglobin contrast with bile staining and illumination falloff, limiting sensitivity to small-vessel vascular findings such as Lymphangiectasia. We introduce a physics-informed framework that injects an analytic, Monte-Carlo-inspired hemoglobin prior into a standard classifier purely at training time -- to our knowledge the first use of an explicit optical light-transport prior in WCE classification. On Kvasir-Capsule (47,238 frames, 43 patients, 11 evaluable classes; patient-disjoint split) we evaluate, across six seeds against an RGB-only EfficientNet-B0 baseline, a five-channel input-fusion variant feeding the prior alongside RGB, a distillation variant that runs on plain three-channel RGB at inference, and a three-stream extension adding a temporal Transformer and an autoencoder-residual stream; we replicate across ResNet-18 and ConvNeXt-Tiny and assess cross-vendor zero-shot transfer on the public Galar cohort. Input fusion lifts cross-seed macro-AUC from 0.760 to 0.783 (5/6 seeds positive); distillation reaches 0.773; the three-stream model reaches 0.804 (+0.044 over baseline, paired DeLong p < 0.0001). Lymphangiectasia AUC rises from 0.238 to 0.337, sign-consistent across all six seeds. A four-variant ablation reveals a parameterization-mechanism boundary: only the spatial-channel form lifts. Cross-vendor zero-shot on Galar retains about 60% of the lift. The distillation variant deploys on plain RGB with a free interpretability heatmap, and we release GalKva-2026, a paired cross-vendor benchmark.