Medical Image Classification

Latest papers 486

53 papers in the last four weeks, up 8% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

Counterfactual Explainability Framework With CycleGAN And Counterfactual-Classifier Alignnment Score for Retinal Disease Classification
Jul 23, 2026Kritanu Chattopadhyay, Sayanjit Singha Roy, Soumya ChatterjeeCounterfactual Explanations Medical Image Classification
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India · Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India · Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
Spatially Grounded Concept Bottleneck Models for Trustworthy Breast Ultrasound Diagnosis
Jul 22, 2026Moshiur Rahman Tonmoy, Dunren Che, Haitham Y. Adarbah +1Concept Bottleneck Models Medical Image Classification
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Texas A&M University–Kingsville (TAMUK), Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
One Round Is All You Need: Analytic Federated Learning for Task-Heterogeneous Multi-Label Medical Image Classification
Jul 22, 2026Afsaneh Mahanipour, Hana KhamfroushChest X-Ray Classification Federated Learning Aggregation
Department of Computer Science University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
Benchmarking the Domain Gap: Model Selection Instability Under Domain Shift in Video Capsule Endoscopy
Jul 22, 2026Dan Hanson, Debesh JhaEndoscopy Medical Imaging
Department of Computer Science · Biomedical Perception & Intelligence Lab · University of South Dakota +1
Development of an automated, reliable, and clinically meaningful artificial intelligence (AI) tool for diagnosing cardiac disease from conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images
Jul 22, 2026Sina Amirrajab, Volker Vehof, Michael Bietenbeck +6Medical Imaging Foundation Models Medical Diagnosis
The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. · Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiology I, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
CrossSpine: Multi-scale Cross-sequence Attention with Anatomical Priors for Automated Pfirrmann Grading
Jul 22, 2026Hai Son Nguyen, Duong Ngoc Vu, Trong-Nghia Nguyen +5Cross-Attention Medical Image Analysis
Business AI Lab, College of Technology, National Economics University, Vietnam · Medical Imaging & Radiological Technology Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, Phenikaa School of Medicine & Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Vietnam · Radiology & Functional Exploration Center, Phenikaa University Hospital, Vietnam +2
PhenSPINE: A Standardized Benchmark for Spine Pathology Diagnosis
Jul 22, 2026Duong Ngoc Vu, Hai Son Nguyen, Trong-Nghia Nguyen +4Medical Image Classification Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Business AI Lab, College of Technology, National Economics University, Vietnam · Medical Imaging & Radiological Technology Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, Phenikaa School of Medicine & Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Vietnam · Radiology and Functional Exploration Center, Phenikaa University Hospital, Vietnam +1
In-Context Learning for Wound Classification with Small Multimodal Language Models
Jul 21, 2026George Martvel, Oskar Gustafsson, John Pavia +1Multimodal ICL Multimodal Large Language Models
1Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden · 2Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden · 3Mölnlycke Health Care +1
Privileged Lesion-Context Relational Distillation for Mask-Free Skin Lesion Classification
Jul 21, 2026Abu Mukaddim Rahi, Md Mithun Hossain, Md Zulficar Hasan Joy +2Skin Lesion Classification Medical Image Classification
Department of IT in Artificial Intelligence, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia · BUBT Resarch Graduate School, Bangladesh University of Business and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh · Department of Artificial Intelligence, Daffodil Institute of Information Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh +2
Cross-Dataset Generalization in Breast MRI Tumor Classification via Class-Wise Dataset Mixing
Jul 21, 2026Mohammad Ali Dadrast, Hamid UsefiAlgorithmic Bias Medical Image Classification
Data Science Program Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s, Canada · Department of Mathematics and Statistics Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s, Canada
Medical Imaging Fusing Vision Transformer: Laryngeal Cancer Screening with Explanation
Jul 20, 2026Haiyang Wang, Luca MainardiEndoscopy Medical Imaging
Department of Electrical, Information and Bioengineering Polytechnic University of Milan Milan, Italy · Department of of Electrical, Information and Bioengineering Polytechnic University of Milan Milan, Italy
From Pixel to Prognosis: Convolutional and GLCM Feature Fusion for Automated Four-Class Cataract Severity Classification
Jul 20, 2026K. Mithra, Prem Kumar SanthanamMedical Image Classification Automated Grading
Independent Researcher, Information and Communication Engineering, Scottsdale, AZ, USA · Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, New York City, NY, USA
Hierarchy-Aware and Anatomy-Guided Learning for Lung Ultrasound Video Classification
Jul 20, 2026Alya Almsouti, Lotfi Mecharbat, Noha Aboukhater +5Hierarchical Classification Medical Image Classification
Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, UAE · SEHA, UAE · Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, UAE +2
Histopathological Spectrum-Guided Prostate Stratification via Segmentation-Assisted Diagnostic Transformer
Jul 19, 2026Leyang Li, Lihua Chen, Huangang Hu +7Medical Image Classification Magnetic Resonance Imaging
College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China · Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300382, China · School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China +3
Transferable Low-Rank Convolutional Bases for Onboarding Unseen Medical Imaging Modalities
Jul 18, 2026Ranat Das Prangon, Istiaque Ahmed, Shajid Hasan Naim +2Multi-Source Domain Adaptation Medical Imaging
Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh. · Graduate School of Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan. · Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, Bangladesh. +2
Demographically-Conditioned Synthetic Medical Images for Bias Mitigation and Bias Detection in Disease Classifiers
Jul 16, 2026Mahmoud Ibrahim, Bart Elen, Chang Sun +2Synthetic Data Pretraining Algorithmic Fairness
Institute of Data Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands · Department of Advanced Computing Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands · VITO, Belgium
Causal-Adversarial Probing of Clinical Covariates for Prostate MRI Grading
Jul 16, 2026Yipei Wang, Shiqi Huang, Wen Yan +6Causal Representation Learning Medical Image Classification
UCL Hawkes Institute, University College London, London, UK · Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK · Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK +4
Fine-Grained Vision-Language Pretraining with Organ-Conditioned Pattern Tokens for CT Understanding
Jul 15, 2026Guoliang You, Xiaomeng ChuMedical Image Classification Medical VLMs
University of Pennsylvania · Yale University
Multimodal Assessment of Pancreatic Cancer Resectability Using Deep Learning
Jul 15, 2026Vincent Ochs, Christoph Kuemmerli, Florentin Bieder +123D Medical Imaging Multimodal Classification
University of Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland · Clarunis, University Digestive Health Centre, Basel, Switzerland · Department of General Surgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse, 5000, Aarau, Switzerland +3
RegionFM: Interpretable Region-Based Brain MRI Classification Using Foundation Model Embeddings
Jul 15, 2026Wei Zhang, Ming TangMedical Imaging Foundation Models Medical Image Classification
L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany
AnomExpert: Identifying and Selecting Anatomical Planes for Prenatal Ultrasound Anomaly Diagnosis
Jul 15, 2026Jian Wang, Yang Yang, Ziheng Pan +4Medical Image Analysis Medical Image Classification
Medical Ultrasound Image Computing (MUSIC) Lab, School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China · College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China · National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China +2
FM $^2$ : Unified Federated Foundation Models for Heterogeneous Multimodal Medical Imaging
Jul 15, 2026Shengchao Chen, Ting ShuMultimodal Federated Learning Cross-Modal Alignment
School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China · Australian AI Institute, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, Australia
Controllable Generation of Diverse Dermatological Imagery for Fair and Efficient Malignancy Classification
Jul 14, 2026Héctor Carrión, Narges NorouziSkin Lesion Classification Synthetic Data Augmentation
University of California, Santa Cruz, USA · University of California, Berkeley, USA
MAGE: Color-Invariant and Spatial Knowledge Distillation for Gastric Neoplasm Classification
Jul 14, 2026Jiho Jun, Jeongwon Woo, Jaemin Song +6Endoscopy Medical Imaging
Korea University, Korea · MEDAI, Korea · Seoul National University, Korea +3
Calibrated Selective Prediction Using Deep Ensembles for ROI-Based Thyroid Nodule Ultrasound Classification Under Dataset Shift: A Retrospective Evaluation
Jul 13, 2026Md. Sadibul Hasan Sadib, Md. Mohayminul Mukit, Rahmatul Kabir Rasel Sarker +2Probability Calibration Selective Prediction
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. · Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. +1
Learning from Complementary Ultrasound Representations for Liver Disease Classification
Jul 13, 2026Sabahattin Mert Daloglu, Gokce Bekar, Ceren Coskun +5Medical Image Classification Ultrasound Imaging
PONS Incorporated, Newark, NJ, USA · Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA · Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Analyzing Image Encoder Choices and Graph Homophily in GCN Frameworks for Breast Ultrasound Classification
Jul 13, 2026Sabahattin Mert Daloglu, Ceren Coskun, Harvey Castro +2Graph Neural Networks Medical Image Classification
PONS Incorporated, Newark, NJ, USA · Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Anatomy-Privileged Distillation with Token Routing for MRI-Based Prediction of Perineural Invasion
Jul 13, 2026Hyunsu Go, Youngung Han, Kyeonghun Kim +15Medical Image Classification Clinical Prediction
Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea · OUTTA, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea +5
Adaptive Routing for Efficient Diffusion Transformer-Based PNI Prediction
Jul 13, 2026Youngung Han, Dohyun Kweon, Kyeonghun Kim +15Diffusion Transformer Medical Image Classification
Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea · OUTTA, Seoul, Republic of Korea +5
Diffusion MRI preprocessing affects ADC estimation and automatic PI-RADS v2.1 classification in bi-parametric prostate MRI
Jul 13, 2026Christos Kanakis, Mathias Perslev, Tim Schakel +4Medical Image Classification Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands · Cerebriu, Copenhagen, Denmark · Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands +2

Jul 23, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

Counterfactual Explainability Framework With CycleGAN And Counterfactual-Classifier Alignnment Score for Retinal Disease Classification

Kritanu Chattopadhyay, Sayanjit Singha Roy, Soumya Chatterjee

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India · Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India · Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India

Counterfactual Explanations Medical Image Classification Fundus Imaging Explainable Medical Image Analysis Counterfactual Data Augmentation Explainability Evaluation

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Automated detection of vision impairing retina-based ocular conditions from fundus images is important for early screening, timely referral and reducing dependency on specialist-only assessment, for which neural network-based deep learning (DL) models have been widely utilized. However, explainability of the DL frameworks remains a major bottleneck for clinical adoption, particularly when model decisions are not linked to retinal regions that are clinically meaningful. To address this issue, this study presents CounterFundus, a novel CycleGAN-driven counterfactual explainability framework, integrating EfficientNet-B5-based retinal disease detection with visually interpretable disease-to-normal fundus image translation. For each pathological image, the counterfactual yielded by the CycleGAN generator represents an estimated healthy counterpart and the resultant difference map is utilized to localize disease-associated retinal changes. Unlike conventional post-hoc saliency methods, CounterFundus provides counterfactual explanations through visually plausible disease-to-normal retinal translation. Thereafter, to quantify the spatial agreement between counterfactual difference maps and classifier saliency, the Counterfactual-Classifier Alignment Score (CCAS) is introduced, embedding Spearman correlation, binary IoU and pointing accuracy into a single assessment protocol. To this end, EigenCAM-aligned evaluation demonstrates that the generated counterfactual explanations remain spatially consistent with classifier-relevant retinal evidence across all CCAS dimensions. Along with that, ablation studies further confirm that CCAS-filtered counterfactual augmentation improves the downstream classification performance in fundus images, establishing CounterFundus as a clinically-grounded, explainable artificially intelligence (XAI) framework for retinal disease detection.