Medical LLMs

LLM: Large Language Model

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26 papers in the last four weeks, up 160% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

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  1. When RAG Chatbots Expose Their Backend: An Anonymized Case Study of Privacy and Security Risks in Patient-Facing Medical AI

    May 1, 2026Alfredo Madrid-García, Miguel RujasHealthcareLLM Auditing

    Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Avenida Complutense, 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain

  2. DIYHealth Suite: Dataset, Model, and Benchmark for Health Management at Home

    May 1, 2026Changshuo Liu, Junran Wu, Zhongle Xie +9HealthcareMultimodal Large Language Models

    School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore

  3. Healthcare AI GYM for Medical Agents

    May 1, 2026Minbyul JeongHealthcareOn-Policy Distillation

    Upstage AI

  4. RadLite: Multi-Task LoRA Fine-Tuning of Small Language Models for CPU-Deployable Radiology AI

    May 1, 2026Pankaj Gupta, Kartik BoseLLM Fine-TuningSmall Language Models

    Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India ∗Corresponding author: Additional Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India · Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

  5. Modeling Clinical Concern Trajectories in Language Model Agents

    Apr 30, 2026Sukesh Subaharan, Venkatesan VS, Murugadasan P +3LLM InterpretabilityAI Agent Monitoring

    Coimbatore Medical College · Coimbatore, TN · India

  6. HealthBench Professional: Evaluating Large Language Models on Real Clinician Chats

    Apr 30, 2026Rebecca Soskin Hicks, Mikhail Trofimov, Dominick Lim +13HealthcareClinical Decision Support

    OpenAI

  7. Domain-Adapted Small Language Models for Reliable Clinical Triage

    Apr 29, 2026Manar Aljohani, Brandon Ho, Kenneth McKinley +2Clinical TriageLLM Fine-Tuning

    Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, US · Children’s National Hospital, Washington DC, USA

  8. Fidelity, Diversity, and Privacy: A Multi-Dimensional LLM Evaluation for Clinical Data Augmentation

    Apr 29, 2026Guillermo Iglesias, Gema Bello-Orgaz, María Navas-Loro +3Synthetic Data AugmentationSynthetic Data Generation

    Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain · Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Spain · Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jimenez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain +5

  9. MEMOR-E: In-Context and Fine-Tuned LLM Personalization for Alzheimer's Assistive Robotics

    Apr 28, 2026Maissa Abir Smaili, Eren Sadikoglu, Ransalu SenanayakeAlzheimer's DiseaseLLM Personalization

    Istanbul Medipol University Istanbul, Türkiye · Arizona State University Tempe, USA

  10. Learning from Medical Entity Trees: An Entity-Centric Medical Data Engineering Framework for MLLMs

    Apr 28, 2026Jianghang Lin, Haihua Yang, Deli Yu +6Training Data CurationMultimodal QA

    Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China, Xiamen University, China · ByteDance · Northeastern University

  11. Learning Evidence of Depression Symptoms via Prompt Induction

    Apr 27, 2026Eliseo Bao, Anxo Perez, David Otero +1Depression DetectionMental Health

    IRLab, CITIC, Universidade da Coruña A Coruña, Spain

  12. MultiDx: A Multi-Source Knowledge Integration Framework towards Diagnostic Reasoning

    Apr 27, 2026Yimin Deng, Zhenxi Lin, Yejing Wang +9Knowledge Augmentation for Language ModelsMedical Diagnosis

    Xi’an Jiaotong University · City University of Hong Kong · Tencent Jarvis Lab +1

  13. AI Safety Training Can be Clinically Harmful

    Apr 25, 2026Suhas BN, Andrew M. Sherrill, Rosa I. Arriaga +2Mental Health CounselingLLM Alignment

    College of Information Sciences and Technology, Penn State University, USA · Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, USA · School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Tech, USA +1

  14. VeriLLMed: Interactive Visual Debugging of Medical Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs

    Apr 25, 2026Yurui Xiang, Xingyi Mao, Rui Sheng +7HealthcareLLM Auditing

  15. Au-M-ol: A Unified Model for Medical Audio and Language Understanding

    Apr 25, 2026Meizhu Liu, Nistha Mitra, Paul Li +3Speech ProcessingAudio Understanding

    Oracle AI Science · Neuramill

  16. DeepImagine: Learning Biomedical Reasoning via Successive Counterfactual Imagining

    Apr 24, 2026Youze Zheng, Jianyou Wang, Yuhan Chen +8LLM Fine-TuningCounterfactual Reasoning in Language Models

    Laboratory for Emerging Intelligence, University of California, San Diego · University of Chicago · Elsevier +1

  17. Lightweight Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Large Language Model-Based Modeling for Scalable Patient-Trial Matching

    Apr 23, 2026Xiaodi Li, Yang Xiao, Munhwan Lee +7Retrieval-Augmented GenerationClinical NLP

    Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA · Computer Science Department, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA · Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA +4

  18. Evaluating Patient Safety Risks in Generative AI: Development and Validation of a FMECA Framework for Generated Clinical Content

    Apr 23, 2026Lydie Bednarczyk, Jamil Zaghir, Julien Ehrsam +11Clinical Language Model EvaluationMedical LLMs

    Division of Medical Information Sciences, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland. · Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. · Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. +3

  19. When Correct Beliefs Collapse: Epistemic Resilience of LLMs under Clinical Pressure

    Apr 23, 2026Boyu Xiao, Xiuqi Tian, Xuwen Song +4LLM SycophancyHealthcare

    Research Center for Social Computing and Interactive Robotics, Harbin Institute of Technology, China

  20. Serialisation Strategy Matters: How FHIR Data Format Affects LLM Medication Reconciliation

    Apr 22, 2026Sanjoy PatorHealthcareLLM Information Extraction

    Independent Researcher

  21. Can "AI" Be a Doctor? A Study of Empathy, Readability, and Alignment in Clinical LLMs

    Apr 22, 2026Mariano Barone, Francesco Di Serio, Roberto Moio +4HealthcareLLM Prompting

    Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, Naples, 80125, Italy. · Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania ”Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Leonardo Bianchi, Naples, 80131, Italy. · Department of Computer Science, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, 2309 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, 60201, IL, United States.

  22. LLM StructCore: Schema-Guided Reasoning Condensation and Deterministic Compilation

    Apr 22, 2026Serhii ZabolotniiHealthcareClinical Information Extraction

    Cherkasy State Business College2026 Cherkasy, Ukraine

  23. Surrogate modeling for interpreting black-box LLMs in medical predictions

    Apr 22, 2026Changho Han, Songsoo Kim, Dong Won Kim +4Surrogate ModelingLLM Interpretability

    Medical Big Data Research Center, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. · Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 +5

  24. MoBayes: A Modular Bayesian Framework for Separating Reasoning from Language in Conversational Clinical Decision Support

    Apr 21, 2026Yusuf Kesmen, Fay Elhassan, Jiayi Ma +7Selective PredictionClinical Decision Support

    LiGHT, EPFL · University of Bern · CLAN, Aarhus University

  25. Cross-Model Consistency of AI-Generated Exercise Prescriptions: A Repeated Generation Study Across Three Large Language Models

    Apr 21, 2026Kihyuk LeeLLM EvaluationClinical Language Model Evaluation

    Data Convergence Team, Office of Hospital Information, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea

  26. Can Continual Pre-training Bridge the Performance Gap between General-purpose and Specialized Language Models in the Medical Domain?

    Apr 21, 2026Niclas Doll, Jasper Schulze Buschhoff, Shalaka Satheesh +3Domain-Adaptive PretrainingDomain Adaptation for LLMs

    Fraunhofer IAIS · Lamarr Institute

  27. Beyond Semantic Similarity: A Component-Wise Evaluation Framework for Medical Question Answering Systems with Health Equity Implications

    Apr 21, 2026Abu Noman Md Sakib, Md. Main Oddin Chisty, Zijie ZhangLLM Answer VerificationHealthcare

    University of Texas at San Antonio, USA · Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh

  28. Reinforcement Learning Improves LLM Accuracy and Reasoning in Disease Classification from Radiology Reports

    Apr 21, 2026Yishu Wei, Yi Lin, Adam Flanders +2HealthcareClinical Reasoning

    Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY · Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA · Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY

  29. LLMs for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction from Structured Clinical Data

    Apr 21, 2026Jeba Maliha, Md Rafiul KabirMedical LLMsClinical Risk Prediction

    Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA

  30. First, Do No Harm (With LLMs): Mitigating Racial Bias via Agentic Workflows

    Apr 20, 2026Sihao Xing, Zaur GoulievHealthcareSocial Bias in Language Models

    School of Enterprise Computing and Digital Transformation Technological University Dublin · School of Information and Communication Studies University College Dublin