Clinical Triage

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Clinical triage studies how to identify who needs care most urgently, from emergency departments and remote monitoring to specialty referrals and patient-facing advice. Systems combine structured records and clinical text with methods such as machine learning, multimodal models, language models, and rule-based guidelines; some also ask follow-up questions or defer uncertain cases to clinicians. Evaluation tests acuity classification and referral decisions on clinical records, vignettes, conversations, and real workflows, with attention to missed emergencies, unnecessary escalation, fairness, and performance across institutions. A central challenge is that strong results on completed cases or curated benchmarks may not carry over to incomplete, sequential, or changing real-world encounters, where safe decisions depend on uncertainty and information gathering as well as prediction.

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48 papers4 papers in the last four weeks, level with the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

ALLMTS: Automated LLM-based Medical Triage System
Oct 23, 2026Michał Remigiusz Janiszewski, Artur Stopa, Łukasz Lenkiewicz +2Clinical Triage Clinical Decision Support
Vstorm, R&D, Poland · Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland · Faculty of Computer Science, AGH University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland +1
When Health Assistants Agree Too Readily: A Benchmark of Time-Critical Self-Diagnosis
Oct 20, 2026Marilyn Zhang, Tianfeng Chen, Patricia M Pechter +1Clinical Language Model Evaluation LLM Safety Benchmarks
Pareto Inc · NYU Langone
Native Probability Outputs for Clinical Triage: An Evaluation of Calibration and Decision Accuracy
Oct 17, 2026Liang You, Zhiyin Zhou, Dawei Tang +2Clinical Language Model Evaluation Clinical Triage
University of Pittsburgh · Pratt Institute · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai +2
Sense and Sensitivity: Benchmarking LLM Clinical Triage Recommendations with Physician Experts
Sep 29, 2026Abinitha Gourabathina, Haoran Zhang, Yuexing Hao +2Clinical Triage Clinical Decision-Making
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science · Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Computer Science
LLMs Anchor on Chief Complaint and Fail to Integrate Evidence in Sequential Clinical Triage
Sep 19, 2026Dipankar Srirag, Haokai Zhao, Ashutosh Kumar +6Clinical Triage Clinical Reasoning
University of New South Wales, Sydney · Independent Researcher · St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney +2
Certified AI Triage of ICU Alarms
Sep 11, 2026Mohammed Sameer Syed, Rozhin YasaeiFDR Control Clinical Triage
Roshan AI · University of Arizona
Auditable Emergency Triage for Maternal and Newborn Care in India
Sep 8, 2026Shobhit Jagga, Aman Dalmia, Niharika Priyadarshini +7Healthcare LLM Auditing
Noora Health · The Agency Fund
Cross-modal triage network: a multimodal deep learning framework for severity-based triage and visual explainability in chest radiographs
Sep 3, 2026Zinah Ghulam, Richa Mittal, Eranga UkwattaChest X-Ray Classification Radiology VLMs
University of Guelph, College of Engineering, Collaborative Specialization in Artificial Intelligence, Guelph, Ontario, Canada · Guelph General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
StrokeGuard: A Multi-Agent Guided System for Prehospital Stroke Assessment
Aug 25, 2026Wentao Yang, Zhenye Xu, Ruoyi Li +2Clinical Decision Support Medical Diagnosis
Institute of Medical Robotics School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
From Triage to Discharge: A Survey of NLP Tasks, Methods, and Open Challenges in the Emergency Department
Aug 23, 2026Dipankar Srirag, Aditya Joshi, Salil Kanhere +1Clinical NLP Clinical Triage
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
ELICITED: EHR-grounded Longitudinal Interactive Conversations for Information-seeking Triage Evaluation and Decision-making
Aug 10, 2026Haohao Zhu, Xiaolin Shi, Jiayu ZhouClinical Triage Clinical Decision-Making
University of Michigan · Ellipsis Health
Guideline-as-Oracle: Zero-Annotation Training of an Ophthalmic Telephone Triage Agent
Aug 5, 2026Chenyu Wang, Yi Liu, Baoqing Li +2Supervised Fine-Tuning Clinical Triage
Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · ByteDance Inc.
CRS-Triage: Confidence- and Reliability-Aware Selective Triage under Incomplete Clinical Evidence
Aug 4, 2026Guan Qiang, Yushen Chen, Tianlong Liu +3Selective Prediction Clinical Triage
Western University, London, Ontario, Canada · Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
CARE-Bench: Benchmarking Patient-Facing LLM Triage
Aug 4, 2026Yining Hua, Hongbin Na, Cyrus AyubchaLLM Safety Benchmarks Clinical Triage
1Harvard University · University of Technology Sydney
High-Stakes Decisions with Language Models: Insights from Emergency Triage
Aug 2, 2026Khurram Yamin, Christopher Kelly, Bryan Wilder +1Clinical Triage Clinical Decision-Making
Microsoft · Carnegie Mellon University
Reasoning in Real World Clinical Care: Why Large Language Models Are Not Yet Safe for Autonomous Clinical Decision Support
Jul 29, 2026Shayndhan Sivanathan, Shravan Nageswaran, Mehdi Zadem +10Clinical Triage Clinical Decision Support
Atman Labs · Oxford University Hospitals · Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford +11
Multimodal Attention-based Deep Learning for Emergency Triage with Electronic Health Records
Jul 18, 2026Hazqeel Afyq Athaillah Kamarul Aryffin, Kamarul Aryffin Baharuddin, Mohd Halim Mohd NoorClinical Triage Multimodal Classification
School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Universiti, Gelugor, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. · School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab 2, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia. · Artificial Intelligence Research Center, Ajman University, University Street, Al Jurf 1, 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
The complexities of patient-centred conversational artificial intelligence
Jul 9, 2026João Matos, Olivia Buege, Donny Cheung +8Clinical Triage Conversational Agents
Verily Health, Dallas, TX, USA · Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK · Department of Applied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK +2
Cascade Classification of Dermoscopic Images of Skin Neoplasms with Controllable Sensitivity and External Clinical Validation
Jun 11, 2026Elena S. Kozachok, Sergey S. Seregin, Aleksandr V. Kozachok +2Skin Lesion Classification Probability Calibration
Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISP RAS), Moscow, Russia · Orel Oncological Dispensary, Orel, Russia
TRIAGE: Dialectical LLM Reasoning for Explainable Risk Prediction on Irregularly Sampled Medical Time Series
Jun 8, 2026Hyeongwon Jang, Gyouk Chu, Changhun Kim +4Irregular Time-Series Modeling Logical Reasoning
KAIST · AITRICS · University of Wisconsin-Madison
LLM-Guided Evolution for Medical Decision Pipelines
Jun 5, 2026Ivan Sviridov, Artem Oskin, Ivan Panin +4Clinical Triage Large Language Model-Guided Optimization
1Sber AI Lab · 2AIRI
Gender-Dependent Diagnostic Substitution in LLM Medical Triage: Same Symptoms, Unequal Urgency
Jun 2, 2026Qi Han WongGender Bias in Language Models Clinical Triage
Why Do Self-Harm Prediction Models Struggle to Generalise? Lexical and Semantic Variations in Emergency Department Triage Notes
Jun 1, 2026Liuliu Chen, Mike Conway, Jo Robinson +1Distribution Shift Clinical Triage
School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia · Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Australia · Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia +1
Implicit Geographic Inference in LLM Medical Triage: Language-Driven Disparities in Emergency Recommendations
May 31, 2026Qi Han WongMultilingual Language Model Evaluation Clinical Triage
Internal Representation, Not Clinical Knowledge: Where Apparent LLM Triage Failures Originate
May 28, 2026David Fraile Navarro, Berardino Como, Jialei Sheng +2Healthcare Clinical Triage
Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia · Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy · NSW Health, Sydney, Australia +1
Clinical Validation of the Melanoscope AI Mobile Dermoscopy Clinical Decision Support System
May 26, 2026Elena Sergeevna Kozachok, Sergey Sergeevich SereginMedical Image Classification Clinical Triage
1Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISP RAS),2026 25 Alexander Solzhenitsyn str., Moscow, 109004, Russian Federation · 2Orel Regional Oncology Dispensary,May 2 Ippodromny lane, Orel, Russian Federation
PathWISE: Multi-Agent Cancer Pathway Triaging Ontology Learning from Clinical Flowcharts
May 25, 2026Sofiat Abioye, Ufaq Khan, Shazad Ashraf +6Healthcare Clinical Triage
Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE · University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK +2
Structured Visual Evidence Decomposition for Evidence-Grounded Multimodal Screening of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
May 23, 2026Chen Zhan, Yingchen Wei, Xiaoyu Tan +2Healthcare Clinical Triage
School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 200438, China · Tencent Youtu Lab, Shanghai 200233, China · ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China +1
Uncertainty-aware classification and triage of structural heart disease using electrocardiography and echocardiography metrics
May 21, 2026Mitchel J. ColebankBayesian Neural Networks Uncertainty Quantification
Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina,, Columbia, 29208, South Carolina, USA
Reliable Automated Triage in Spanish Clinical Notes: A Hybrid Framework for Risk-Aware HIV Suspicion Identification
May 20, 2026Rodrigo Morales-Sánchez, Soto Montalvo, Raquel MartínezSelective Prediction Healthcare
Dept. Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, ETSI Informática, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) · Dept. Informática y Estadística, ETSI Informática, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC)

Oct 23, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

ALLMTS: Automated LLM-based Medical Triage System

Michał Remigiusz Janiszewski, Artur Stopa, Łukasz Lenkiewicz, Wojciech Achtelik+1

Vstorm, R&D, Poland · Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland · Faculty of Computer Science, AGH University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland+1

Clinical Triage Clinical Decision Support Medical LLMs

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Telephone triage is a safety critical task: from a brief intake note, a nurse must decide whether a caller needs an ambulance, an emergency department, an appointment, or self care at home. Queried directly, large language models (LLMs) are unreliable: they over-escalate routine cases and cannot justify their recommendations against an auditable clinical standard. We present the Automated LLM-based Medical Triage System (ALLMTS), which grounds every disposition in the same commercially maintained telehealth guidelines nurses use. Rather than asking an LLM to triage, ALLMTS makes it execute the guideline: it selects the appropriate guideline and evaluates its triage assessment questions. The disposition follows deterministically from the first positive answer, using the same traversal rule a nurse follows. We evaluate ALLMTS on 566 synthetic, expert-validated scenarios spanning 14 dispositions and designed to test specific guideline questions. ALLMTS achieves 0.95 accuracy, compared with 0.47 for a raw-LLM baseline. On a curated 50-scenario subset released as an open benchmark, ALLMTS reaches 0.98 accuracy, on par with the 0.944 correct disposition rate that a five nurse expert panel recorded on those same scenarios. Critically, on that subset the baselines have over-triage rates of up to 0.50 (0.44 on the full dataset), whereas ALLMTS reduces the over-triage rate to at most 0.02 while maintaining low under-triage. These results support coupling LLM language understanding with executable clinical guidelines for triage from intake notes.