Multi-Agent Debate
Overview
Multi-agent debate examines whether language models can reason more reliably by proposing answers, sharing evidence, challenging peers, and revising judgments. Common approaches assign roles such as advocate, critic, and judge; use retrieval and structured evidence checks; or adapt who communicates and when debate stops. Researchers apply these methods to mathematics, question answering, fact-checking, and medical or legal decisions, but results vary across tasks and model groups. A central tension is that debate can uncover errors when agents contribute useful independent information, yet consensus can also spread mistakes, suppress dissent, and add substantial cost.
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