Prompt Optimization

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11 papers in the last four weeks, up 175% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. MIRA: A Musical Intent Refinement Agent for Aligning Text-to-Music Generation with User Intent

    Oct 7, 2026Zekai Liu, Zhilin Wang, Xuzheng He +2Text-to-Music GenerationMusic Generation Evaluation

    Shandong University · University of Science and Technology of China · Central Conservatory of Music +2

  2. A Study on Improving Multi-class Audio Source Separation Via Decoupled CLAP Query Optimization and an Automated Data Engine

    Oct 7, 2026Amirhossein Hajavi, Hanhee Lee, Pushya Jain +4Audio Source SeparationPrompt Optimization

    Noah’s Ark Lab, Huawei Technologies Canada co.

  3. How Should a Prompt Optimizer Spend a Tight Budget? BudgetAPO with Noise-Adaptive Evaluation

    Oct 5, 2026Haoyue Liu, Zhichao Wang, Huanyu Yan +1Automatic Prompt OptimizationPrompt Optimization

    School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen) · Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence, CUHK(SZ)

  4. VideoEvolve: Evolving Agent Harnesses for Video Temporal Grounding

    Oct 1, 2026Bingjun Luo, Yuhuan Fan, Jialin Guo +1Temporal Video GroundingEvolutionary Optimization

    Tsinghua University · Columbia University · Harbin Engineering University

  5. Ranking-Aware Prompt Optimization for Multimodal Clinical Diagnosis

    Sep 30, 2026Tian Xia, Minghao Liu, Yiqing Liang +2Medical DiagnosisMultimodal Large Language Models

    Harvard University · University of California, Santa Cruz · Brown University +2

  6. LLM unbranding: Erasing Commercial Identity while Preserving Generic Utility

    Sep 29, 2026Kajetan Ożóg, Alicja Wojciechowska, Dawid Malarz +3Prompt OptimizationLLM Unlearning

    Jagiellonian University · IDEAS Research Institute · Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf

  7. How Much Prompt Is Enough? A Blackbox Minimization of Few-Shots in LLMs

    Sep 28, 2026Ali Alfageeh, Rahul Gopinath, Amin AlipourLLM PromptingFew-Shot Prompting

    University of Houston · The University of Sydney

  8. COEVO: Co-Evolving Context and Parameters for Recursive Self-Improvement

    Sep 27, 2026Siwei Chen, Xinping Bao, Xinyu Cai +3RL for Language ModelsPrompt Optimization

    Peking University · Emotional Machine

  9. Optimizing the Score, Losing Sight of the Task: Reward Hacking Across Weights, Selection, and Prompts

    Sep 22, 2026Vansh WahiReward HackingLLM Evaluation

  10. EvolveTrade: Experience-Driven Policy Refinement for Self-Evolving LLM Trading Agents

    Sep 15, 2026Sehee Kim, Yumin Choi, Minki Kang +1LLM Agent Self-ImprovementPrompt Optimization

    KAIST

  11. RobustSGPO: Search-Space Control for Agent Harness Evolution

    Sep 10, 2026Zibo Zhao, Jijun Shi, Mo Zhou +9Agentic WorkflowsAgent Harness Optimization

    Wuhan University, Wuhan, China · Kuaishou Technology, Beijing, China

  12. Agent-Based ML-LLM Fusion with Self-Optimizing Prompts for Plateau Weather Alerts

    Sep 9, 2026Shuai Yan, Yang Xu, Shan HePrompt OptimizationWeather Forecasting

    Chengdu Jincheng College College of Computer and Software Chengdu, Sichuan, China

  13. SkillAdam: Stable and Efficient Skill Evolution for Agents

    Sep 8, 2026Gaoyuan Li, Meihao Fan, Yizhe Liu +7Large Language Model-Guided OptimizationLLM Agent Self-Improvement

    Renmin University of China · Tencent

  14. AgentGrad: Intervention-guided Prompt Optimization for Multi Agent Systems

    Sep 8, 2026Jaewon Chu, Jinwoo Seo, Jaewon Cho +4Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

    Korea University · KAIST · Meta AI +1

  15. Beyond Prompts: Measuring and Optimizing LLM Tool-Agent Harnesses

    Sep 4, 2026Cen Mia Zhao, Haibo Ruan, Wenjie Chen +3Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Workflow Optimization

    Airbnb, Inc., USA

  16. Control-Data Flow Separation: Stable Prompt Optimization in Multi-Agent LLMs

    Sep 1, 2026Wentao Zhang, Syed Shariyar Murtaza, Junaid Ahmad Bhatti +4LLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Workflow Optimization

    University of Waterloo · Manulife

  17. Beyond Trial-and-Error: Agentic Optimization for Image-to-Video Adherence

    Aug 12, 2026Aman Tyagi, Hemanth Boinpally, Jonathan Chen +2Image-to-Video GenerationAgentic Video Generation

    Google Cloud · Google DeepMind

  18. RLMOpt: Adaptive Prompt Optimization via Recursive Language Models

    Aug 11, 2026Subhash Bangalore Satheesha, Nirvik Pande, Deepthi Duddempudi +1Large Language Model-Guided OptimizationLLM Agents

    Autonomize AI · Carnegie Mellon University

  19. Same Question, Different Answer? Measuring and Mitigating Prompt Privilege for Equitable AI Access

    Aug 9, 2026Lier Jin, Lan Hu, Binqi Shen +2Language Model Bias EvaluationPrompt Optimization

    Fuqua School of Business Duke University Durham, USA · Department of Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, USA · Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences Northwestern University Evanston, USA +1

  20. PRISM: A Predictive Protocol for Permutation Optimization via Landscape Diagnostics

    Aug 8, 2026Blessings MambweAlgorithm SelectionCombinatorial Optimization

    ML Collective

  21. EMAS: Stabilizing Multi-Agent System Evolution through Evidence-Guided Revision

    Aug 7, 2026Chao Fei, Qingyi Si, Kaihua Liang +3Continual Learning for LLM AgentsMulti-Agent System Optimization

    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) · Fudan University

  22. Equitable System-Prompt Selection via Constrained Mixed-Strategy GroupDRO

    Aug 5, 2026Mengyu Xu, Qiaoxin Yang, Zhihan Liu +4LLM PromptingAlgorithmic Fairness

    1The University of Chicago · 2SynAI Technologies, Inc. · 3Northwestern University +2

  23. Minimizing Targeted Activations: Input-Only Suppression of Evaluation-Awareness Latents in Large Language Models

    Jul 28, 2026Deepanshu Mody, Samarth Agarwal, Utkarsh Mittal +1Language Model Safety EvaluationLLM Interpretability

    Center for Data Science, New York University

  24. Prompt as a Data Type: In-Database LLM Prompt Management and Rewriting

    Jul 23, 2026Denis Mayr Lima Martins, Gottfried VossenLLM PromptingPrompt Optimization

    Department of Computing and Mathematics University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil · Department of Information Systems University of Münster Münster, Germany

  25. GRADRAG: Cross-Component Prompt Adaptation for Coordinated Multi-Agent RAG

    Jul 23, 2026Paolo Pedinotti, Enrico SantusMulti-Agent LLM SystemsAgentic RAG

    Bloomberg

  26. From Monolithic to Modular: Segment-level Automatic Prompt Optimization

    Jul 21, 2026Nikita Kulin, Viktor Zhuravlev, Artur Khairullin +4Large Language Model-Guided OptimizationAutomatic Prompt Optimization

    ITMO University · HSE · AXXX

  27. Elicitation without Backpropagation: Steering Model Behavior by Optimizing the Latent Posterior

    Jul 21, 2026Garrett Baker, Vinayak Pathak, Daniel Murfet +1Prompt LearningTransformer

    Timaeus · CORAL · Monash University

  28. Recursive Harness Self-Improvement

    Jul 17, 2026Hyunin Lee, Jinglue Xu, Jeffrey Seely +3Continual Learning for LLM AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

    1Sakana AI, 2UC Berkeley

  29. Advanced Image Generation: Negative Prompt Optimization and Latent Classifier Guidance

    Jul 16, 2026Vaddi Charan Sai Nandan Reddy, Harini B, Chandana M SDiffusion Model GuidancePrompt Optimization

    Department of Computer Science, PES University, Bangalore, India

  30. C-GAP: Class-Aware and Online Prompting Improves Vision-Language Models on Imbalanced Classes

    Jul 10, 2026Francis Fernandez, Arash Jahangiri, Salimeh SekehOpen-Vocabulary Object DetectionObject Detection

    San Diego State University

  31. Prompting Complexity: Shortest Prompts for Texts and Behaviors in LLMs

    Jul 7, 2026Adrian CosmaLLM PromptingPrompt Optimization

    Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA)

  32. Contrastive Reflection for Iterative Prompt Optimization

    Jun 29, 2026Derek Koh, Jinghui Mo, Benjamin H. Le +7LLM Self-RefinementLLM Agent Workflow Optimization

    LinkedIn Sunnyvale, California, USA

  33. Hybrid Retriever Evolution for Multimodal Document Reasoning Agents

    Jun 28, 2026Bohan Yao, Shruthan Radhakrishna, Vikas YadavMultimodal RAGMultimodal QA

    1ServiceNow · University of Washington

  34. Reproducing FACTER: Fairness via Conformal Thresholding and Prompt Repair

    Jun 26, 2026Oscar Miró López-Feliu, Daimy van Loo, Xanthos Kekkos +2Algorithmic FairnessConformal Prediction

    University of Amsterdam

  35. GBC: Gradient-Based Connections for Optimizing Multi-Agent Systems

    Jun 26, 2026Xiaocheng Yang, Abdulrahman Alrabah, Dilek Hakkani-Tür +1Gradient-Based AttributionMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  36. AlgoEvolve: LLM-driven Meta-evolution of Algorithmic Trading Programs

    Jun 24, 2026Dhruv Sharma, Gautam ShroffAutomated Algorithm DiscoveryGenetic Programming

    Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi

  37. Towards Spec Learning: Inference-Time Alignment from Preference Pairs

    Jun 22, 2026Dhriti Krishnan, Tejas Goyal, Jaromir SavelkaLLM AlignmentPrompt Optimization

    Department of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University

  38. MAS-PromptBench: When Does Prompt Optimization Improve Multi-Agent LLM Systems?

    Jun 22, 2026Juyang Bai, Laixi ShiMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

  39. Communication Policy Evolution for Proactive LLM Agents

    Jun 12, 2026Xinbei Ma, Jiyang Qiu, Yao Yao +10LLM Agent EvaluationLLM Agent Self-Improvement

    1Shanghai Jiao Tong University · 2OPPO Research Institute

  40. TAHOE: Text-to-SQL with Automated Hint Optimization from Experience

    Jun 10, 2026Zhiyi Chen, Jie Song, Peng LiLLM PromptingText-to-SQL

    ByteDance Inc. · Georgia Institute of Technology · Work done during an internship at the ByteBrain team, ByteDance

  41. APEX: Automated Prompt Engineering eXpert with Dynamic Data Selection

    Jun 9, 2026Fei Wang, Si Si, Cho-Jui Hsieh +1Evolutionary OptimizationLLM Prompting

    Google · UCLA

  42. CRAFT: Cost-aware Refinement And Front-aware Tuning of Prompts

    Jun 3, 2026Shanu Kumar, Shubhanshu Khandelwal, Akhila Yesantarao Venkata +3LLM PromptingCost-Aware Inference

    MBZUAI · Microsoft

  43. SePO: Self-Evolving Prompt Agent for System Prompt Optimization

    Jun 3, 2026Wangcheng Tao, Han Wu, Weng-Fai WongLLM Agent Self-ImprovementAutomatic Prompt Optimization

    National University of Singapore · City University of Hong Kong

  44. Hierarchical Online Prompt Mutation with Dual-Loop Feedback for Guardrailed Evidence Document Generation: A Production-Evaluation Case Study

    May 31, 2026Nataraj Agaram Sundar, Tejas MorabiaLLM GuardrailsHuman-in-the-Loop Evaluation

    eBay Inc. · San Jose, CA, USA

  45. Structured Prompt Optimization Meets Reinforcement Learning for Global and Local Interpretability over Complex Text

    May 27, 2026Tianyang Zhou, Wenbo Chen, Pierre Jinghong Liang +1LLM InterpretabilityText Classification

    1Carnegie Mellon University · 2Amazon

  46. TCP-MCP: Landscape-Guided Co-Evolution of Prompts and Communication Topologies for Multi-Agent Systems

    May 27, 2026Yi Ding, Zijie Xuan, Haowei Zhou +6Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

    National Institute of Metrology, China · University of California, Berkeley · Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences +5

  47. SPEAR: Code-Augmented Agentic Prompt Optimization

    May 25, 2026Mengyin Lu, Cong Feng, Huimin Han +6Tool-Augmented Language Model AgentsAutomatic Prompt Optimization

    LinkedIn Corporation

  48. When Gradients Collide: Failure Modes of Multi-Objective Prompt Optimization for LLM Judges

    May 25, 2026Parth Darshan, Abhishek DivekarLLM-as-a-JudgeLarge Language Model-Guided Optimization

    ♢IIT Jodhpur · ♠Amazon

  49. TextReg: Mitigating Prompt Distributional Overfitting via Regularized Text-Space Optimization

    May 20, 2026Lucheng Fu, Ye Yu, Yiyang Wang +4Neural Network GeneralizationLarge Language Model-Guided Optimization

    Georgia Institute of Technology · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  50. Embedding by Elicitation: Dynamic Representations for Bayesian Optimization of System Prompts

    May 18, 2026Zhiyuan Jerry Lin, Benjamin Letham, Samuel Dooley +2Bayesian OptimizationLarge Language Model-Guided Optimization

    Meta

  51. iPOE: Interpretable Prompt Optimization via Explanations

    May 18, 2026Jiahui Li, Yarik Menchaca Resendiz, Sean Papay +1LLM InterpretabilityLLM-Assisted Annotation

    Fundamentals of Natural Language Processing, University of Bamberg, Germany · Leibniz-Institut für Psychologie (ZPID), Trier, Germany

  52. PROTEA: Offline Evaluation and Iterative Refinement for Multi-Agent LLM Workflows

    May 18, 2026Kazuki Kawamura, Satoshi Waki, Kei TatenoMulti-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Evaluation

    Sony Group Corporation

  53. MO-CAPO: Multi-Objective Cost-Aware Prompt Optimization

    May 15, 2026Jan Büssing, Moritz Schlager, Timo Heiß +2Cost-Aware InferenceAutomatic Prompt Optimization

    LMU Munich, Germany · Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Germany · LMU Munich, Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Germany +2

  54. PRISM: Prompt Reliability via Iterative Simulation and Monitoring for Enterprise Conversational AI

    May 15, 2026Keshava Chaitanya, Jahnavi GundakaramLLM PromptingLLM Agent Evaluation

  55. Prompt Segmentation and Annotation Optimisation: Controlling LLM Behaviour via Optimised Segment-Level Annotations

    May 14, 2026Devika Prasad, Luke Gerschwitz, Tong Li +5LLM PromptingAutomatic Prompt Optimization

    Commonwealth Bank of Australia

  56. Efficient Multi-objective Prompt Optimization via Pure-exploration Bandits

    May 14, 2026Donghao Li, Chengshuai Shi, Weijuan Ou +2Multi-Armed BanditsLLM Prompting

    University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA · Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA · Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China

  57. Prompting Policies for Multi-step Reasoning and Tool-Use in Black-box LLMs with Iterative Distillation of Experience

    May 14, 2026Krishna Sayana, Ketan Todi, Ambarish JashRL for Language ModelsLLM Prompting

    Google Research, Mountain View, CA

  58. CANTANTE: Optimizing Agentic Systems via Contrastive Credit Attribution

    May 13, 2026Tom ZehleMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

    University of Freiburg · ELLIS Institute Tübingen

  59. VIP: Visual-guided Prompt Evolution for Efficient Dense Vision-Language Inference

    May 12, 2026Hao Zhu, Shuo Jin, Wenbin Liao +4Image SegmentationVision-Language Models

    Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · XJTLU +1

  60. CPEMH: An Agentic Framework for Prompt-Driven Behavior Evaluation and Assurance in Foundation-Model Systems for Mental Health Screening

    May 11, 2026Giuliano Lorenzoni, Ivens Portugal, Paulo Alencar +1LLM AuditingPrompt Optimization

    University of Waterloo · University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada