Social Dilemmas

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Intention Inference Under Execution Noise: Separating Aleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainty in Social Dilemmas
Aug 3, 2026Kival Mahadew, Jonathan ShockSocial Dilemmas Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes
Dept. of Computer Science, University of Cape Town · Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town · Dept. of Mathematics & Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town +2
Co-evolution of social reward and punishment under institutional interventions
Aug 2, 2026Van An Nguyen, Vuong Khang Huynh, Hoai Thuong Nguyen +14Social Dilemmas Mechanism Design
Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam · Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Vietnam · School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University,2026 United Kingdom +1
Draining the Energy Commons: Self-Defeating Over-Appropriation as a Coordination Failure in Agentic LLM Collectives
Jul 24, 2026Marcantonio Bracale Syrnicov, Federico Pierucci, Matteo Prandi +4Social Dilemmas Multi-Agent LLM Systems
Icaro Lab · VU Amsterdam · M. Bracale Syrnikov1,4 +8
The Energy Society: A Simulation Environment for Studying Agent Cooperation under Survival Pressure
Jul 16, 2026Lucas Bergholdt Hansen, Federico Torrielli, Filippo Tonini +1Social Dilemmas Multi-Agent Coordination
University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark · University of Turin Torino, Italy
Formal Mechanisms for Market Stability in Self-Interested Agent Societies: A Marketplace Simulation Study
Jul 9, 2026Eugene Ng Yi Sheng, Bingquan ShenSocial Dilemmas Multi-Agent LLM Systems
DSO National Laboratories · National University of Singapore
Integrated Altruistic and Fairness Preference Induces Advanced Mutual Cooperation in Sequential Social Dilemmas
Jul 6, 2026Yu Wei, Yukiko Ogura, Yoshiyuki Ohmura +3Social Dilemmas Cooperative MARL
The University of Tokyo
Social welfare optimisation under institutional reward and punishment
May 29, 2026Van An Nguyen, Vuong Khang Huynh, Huu Loi Bui +8Social Dilemmas Mechanism Design
Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam · 2Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Vietnam · School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University,2026 United Kingdom +1
Discovering Cooperative Pipelines: Autoresearch for Sequential Social Dilemmas
May 28, 2026Víctor GallegoSocial Dilemmas AI Coding Agents
Komorebi AI Technologies
You Only Align Once: Propagating Cooperative Behaviors in Multi-Agent Systems through Seed Agents
May 26, 2026Nicole Hsing, Asuka Yuxi Zheng, Yi Zhao +2Social Dilemmas AI Alignment
1Arcarae · University of California, Santa Cruz · 3Northwestern University +1
Naturalistic measure of social norms alignment
May 22, 2026Yevhen Kostiuk, Kenneth Enevoldsen, Peter Bjerregaard Vahlstrup +2Social Dilemmas LLM Evaluation
Aarhus University
The Dynamics of Policy Gradient in Social Dilemmas with Partner Selection
May 18, 2026Benedict Russell, Chin-wing Leung, Paolo TurriniSocial Dilemmas Policy Gradient
Mathematics Institute Warwick University · Department of Computer Science Warwick University
The fitness landscape of social norms in social dilemmas
May 13, 2026Maximilian Puelma TouzelSocial Dilemmas Game Theory
Mila - Quebec AI Institute Montréal, Canada
Modeling Decision-Making with Will for Cooperation in Social Dilemmas
May 9, 2026Yizhe Huang, Bin Ling, Song-Chun Zhu +1Social Dilemmas Evolutionary Game Theory
School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University · State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, BIGAI · Law School, Peking University
The Memory Curse: How Expanded Recall Erodes Cooperative Intent in LLM Agents
May 8, 2026Jiayuan Liu, Tianqin Li, Shiyi Du +7Social Dilemmas LLM Agent Memory
Carnegie Mellon University · Foundations of Cooperative AI Lab (FOCAL) · University of Michigan +1
CoopEval: Benchmarking Cooperation-Sustaining Mechanisms and LLM Agents in Social Dilemmas
Apr 16, 2026Emanuel Tewolde, Xiao Zhang, David Guzman Piedrahita +2Social Dilemmas Cooperative Game Theory
Carnegie Mellon University · Foundations of Cooperative AI Lab (FOCAL) · Jinesis Lab, University of Toronto & Vector Institute +3
Beyond Scalar Rewards: Dense Feedback for LLM Policy Synthesis in Sequential Social Dilemmas
Mar 19, 2026Víctor GallegoSocial Dilemmas Multi-Agent Coordination
Komorebi AI Technologies, Spain
Evaluating Collective Behaviour of Hundreds of LLM Agents
Feb 18, 2026Richard Willis, Jianing Zhao, Yali Du +1Social Dilemmas Multi-Agent LLM Systems
King’s College London London, United Kingdom · King’s College London · Turing Institute +1

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Intention Inference Under Execution Noise: Separating Aleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainty in Social Dilemmas

Kival Mahadew, Jonathan Shock

Dept. of Computer Science, University of Cape Town · Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town · Dept. of Mathematics & Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town+2

Social Dilemmas Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes Epistemic Uncertainty

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In noisy social dilemmas, intended actions are stochastically corrupted before execution, so an observed defection may reflect hostile intent or action error. Standard Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulations treat executed actions as states, structurally precluding this distinction and causing systematic over-retaliation. We introduce a Partially Observable MDP (POMDP) formulation encoding opponent intentions as latent states and executed actions as noisy observations, solved within the active inference (AIF) framework with a cost function that decomposes into epistemic and pragmatic components that jointly address inferring current intent and learning how intent evolves. In the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with symmetric noise, we derive a critical noise threshold governing cooperation collapse, connecting it to a fixed-point condition on learned priors. Experiments reveal that the value of intention inference is context-dependent: the POMDP provides consistent advantages against conditionally cooperative opponents, but mutual intention inference under sufficient noise produces correlated belief-driven collapse. The advantage is specific to games where intent attribution is decision-relevant.

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