Verification

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Improving LLM Code Reasoning via Semantic Equivalence Self-Play with Formal Verification
Apr 18, 2026Antonio Valerio Miceli Barone, Poon Tsz NokLlm-Driven Code Synthesis Equivalence
Bolzano: Case Studies in LLM-Assisted Mathematical Research
Apr 18, 2026Martin Balko, Jan Grebík, Pavel Hubáček +5Mathematics Theorem
Learning to Reason with Insight for Informal Theorem Proving
Apr 17, 2026Yunhe Li, Hao Shi, Bowen Deng +8Theorem LLM Reasoning Methods
Certified Program Synthesis with a Multi-Modal Verifier
Apr 17, 2026Yueyang Feng, Dipesh Kafle, Vladimir Gladshtein +5Formal Verification Llm-Driven Code Synthesis
AgentV-RL: Scaling Reward Modeling with Agentic Verifier
Apr 17, 2026Jiazheng Zhang, Ziche Fu, Zhiheng Xi +13Agentic Reasoning Verifiable Rewards
Reasoning on the Manifold: Bidirectional Consistency for Self-Verification in Diffusion Language Models
Apr 17, 2026Jiaoyang Ruan, Xin Gao, Yinda Chen +5Diffusion Language Models LLM Reasoning Methods
Discover and Prove: An Open-source Agentic Framework for Hard Mode Automated Theorem Proving in Lean 4
Apr 17, 2026Chengwu Liu, Yichun Yin, Ye Yuan +7Theorem Hard
Just Type It in Isabelle! AI Agents Drafting, Mechanizing, and Generalizing from Human Hints
Apr 17, 2026Kevin Kappelmann, Maximilian Schäffeler, Lukas Stevens +3Autoformalization Theorem
Verification Modulo Tested Library Contracts
Apr 16, 2026Abhishek Uppar, Omar Muhammad, Sumanth Prabhu +3Formal Verification Smart Contracts
Understanding Tool-Augmented Agents for Lean Formalization: A Factorial Analysis
Apr 16, 2026Ke Zhang, Patricio Gallardo, Maziar Raissi +1Formalization Compiler
LLMs Gaming Verifiers: RLVR can Lead to Reward Hacking
Apr 16, 2026Lukas Helff, Quentin Delfosse, David Steinmann +6Verifiable Rewards LLM Reasoning Methods
Vibe-Coding: Feedback-Based Automated Verification with no Human Code Inspection, a Feasibility Study
Apr 16, 2026Michal Töpfer, František Plášil, Tomáš Bureš +1Vibe Coding Formal Verification
Fact4ac at the Financial Misinformation Detection Challenge Task: Reference-Free Financial Misinformation Detection via Fine-Tuning and Few-Shot Prompting of Large Language Models
Apr 16, 2026Cuong Hoang, Le-Minh NguyenMisinformation Detection Misinformation
GDPR Auto-Formalization with AI Agents and Human Verification
Apr 16, 2026Ha Thanh Nguyen, Wachara Fungwacharakorn, Sabine Wehnert +6Responsible Artificial Intelligence Verification
VeriX-Anon: A Multi-Layered Framework for Mathematically Verifiable Outsourced Target-Driven Data Anonymization
Apr 14, 2026Miit Daga, Swarna Priya RamuAnonymization Verification
VERITAS: A Multi-Agent Co-Scientist for Verifiable Image-Derived Hypothesis Testing
Apr 13, 2026Lucas Stoffl, Benedikt Wiestler, Johannes C. PaetzoldMultimodal Clinical Data Artificial Intelligence Scientists
Fine-Tuning Integrity for Modern Neural Networks: Structured Drift Proofs via Norm, Rank, and Sparsity Certificates
Apr 6, 2026Zhenhang Shang, Yingzhe Yu, Kani ChenFinetuning Zero-Knowledge Proofs
DRIVE-Nav: Directional Reasoning, Inspection, and Verification for Efficient Open-Vocabulary Navigation
Mar 30, 2026Maoguo Gao, Zejun Zhu, Zhiming Sun +6Vop-Nav Directionality
Formal Semantics for Agentic Tool Protocols: A Process Calculus Approach
Mar 25, 2026Andreas SchlapbachModel Context Protocol Agentic AI Systems
Not All Invariants Are Equal: Curating Training Data to Accelerate Program Verification with SLMs
Mar 16, 2026Ido Pinto, Yizhak Yisrael Elboher, Haoze Wu +2Small Large Language Models Verification
Coverage-Controlled Preference Mining from Noisy Claim Verification for Evidence-Grounded Generation
Mar 11, 2026Weixin Liu, Congning Ni, Qingyuan Song +4Evidence-Grounded Reasoning Verification
Verify to Amplify: Improving Reasoning via Learned Chain-of-Thought Verification
Mar 3, 2026Maria-Florina Balcan, Avrim Blum, Kiriaki Fragkia +2Chain-Of-Thought Verification
Delegation and Verification Under AI
Mar 3, 2026Lingxiao Huang, Wenyang Xiao, Nisheeth K. VishnoiDelegation Agentic Workflows
Nazrin: An Atomic Neural Proof Automation Tactic in Lean 4
Feb 21, 2026Leni Aniva, Iori Oikawa, David Dill +1Theorem Agentic Reasoning
MobileManiBench: Simplifying Model Verification for Mobile Manipulation
Feb 5, 2026Wenbo Wang, Fangyun Wei, QiXiu Li +5Robotic Manipulation Diffusion-Based Vision-Language-Actions
MAS-ProVe: Understanding the Process Verification of Multi-Agent Systems
Feb 3, 2026Vishal Venkataramani, Haizhou Shi, Zixuan Ke +6Decentralized Multi-Agent System Verification
More Bang for the Buck: Improving the Inference of Large Language Models at a Fixed Budget using Reset and Discard (ReD)
Jan 29, 2026Sagi Meir, Tommer D. Keidar, Noam Levi +2Budgets Verification
LLMs versus the Halting Problem: Characterizing Program Termination Reasoning
Jan 26, 2026Oren Sultan, Jordi Armengol-Estape, Pascal Kesseli +4Formal Verification LLM Reasoning Methods
Inference-Time Diversity in RL-Trained Lean Theorem Provers: A Diagnostic Study
Jan 22, 2026Zachary BurtonTheorem Inference-Time
MINIF2F-DAFNY: LLM-Guided Mathematical Theorem Proving via Auto-Active Verification
Dec 11, 2025Mantas Baksys, Stefan Zetzsche, Olivier Bouissou +1Theorem Mathematical Reasoning
Training Language Models to Use Prolog as a Tool
Dec 8, 2025Niklas Mellgren, Peter Schneider-Kamp, Lukas Galke PoechProtein Language Model Inductive Logic Programming
The 4/ $δ$ Bound: Designing Predictable LLM-Verifier Systems for Formal Method GuaranteeThe 4/δ Bound: Designing Predictable LLM-Verifier Systems for Formal Method Guarantee
Nov 30, 2025Pierre Dantas, Lucas Cordeiro, Youcheng Sun +1Formal Verification Verification
Pessimistic Verification for Open Ended Math Questions
Nov 26, 2025Yanxing Huang, Zihan Tang, Zejin Lin +2Math Problems Verification
A Neurosymbolic Approach to Natural Language Formalization and Verification
Nov 12, 2025Chenyang An, Sam Bayless, Stefano Buliani +27Formal Verification Natural Language
Hybrid Fact-Checking that Integrates Knowledge Graphs, Large Language Models, and Search-Based Retrieval Agents Improves Interpretable Claim Verification
Nov 5, 2025Shaghayegh Kolli, Richard Rosenbaum, Timo Cavelius +3Fact-Checking Verification
One-shot Style Transfer LLM log-probabilities for Authorship Attribution and Verification
Oct 15, 2025Pablo Miralles-González, Javier Huertas-Tato, Alejandro Martín +1Authorship Stylometric
TopoAlign: A Framework for Aligning Code to Math via Topological Decomposition
Oct 13, 2025Yupei Li, Philipp Borchert, Gerasimos LampourasFormalization Math Problems
The Alignment Auditor: A Bayesian Framework for Verifying and Refining LLM Objectives
Oct 7, 2025Matthieu Bou, Nyal Patel, Arjun Jagota +2Algorithm Auditing Verifiable Rewards
Aria: An Agent For Retrieval and Iterative Auto-Formalization via Dependency Graph
Oct 6, 2025Hanyu Wang, Ruohan Xie, Yutong Wang +3Autoformalization Theorem
Parameterized Hardness of Zonotope Containment and Neural Network Verification
Sep 26, 2025Vincent Froese, Moritz Grillo, Christoph Hertrich +1Rectified Linear Unit Networks Neural Network Verification
Discovering New Theorems via LLMs with In-Context Proof Learning in Lean
Sep 16, 2025Kazumi Kasaura, Naoto Onda, Yuta Oriike +3Theorem LLM Reasoning Methods
Hybrid Sequence Modeling and Reinforced Verification for Controllable Target-Conditioned Decision Making
Aug 22, 2025Yue Pei, Hongming Zhang, Chao Gao +7Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning Inference-Time Control
Re:Form -- Reducing Human Annotations in Scalable Formal Software Verification with RL in LLMs: A Preliminary Study on Dafny
Jul 22, 2025Chuanhao Yan, Fengdi Che, Xuhan Huang +12Formal Verification Probabilistic Verification
ChatModel: Automating Reference Model Design and Verification with LLMs
Jun 18, 2025Jianmin Ye, Tianyang Liu, Qi Tian +3Computer-Aided Design And Mixed-Signal Circuits
CertDW: Towards Certified Dataset Ownership Verification via Conformal Calibration
Jun 16, 2025Ting Qiao, Yiming Li, Jianbin Li +5Verification
Training-free LLM Verification via Recycling Few-shot Examples
Jun 8, 2025Dongseok Lee, Jimyung Hong, Dongyoung Kim +1Verification Overfitting
Formally Solving Answer-Construction Problems in Lean
May 24, 2025Jialiang Sun, Yuzhi Tang, Ao Li +2Theorem Construction
Reliable Proof Generation with LLMs via Analogical Retrieval and Symbolic Verification: A Case Study in Euclidean Geometry
May 20, 2025Oren Sultan, Eitan Stern, Dafna ShahafTheorem Analogy
Training Verifiably Robust Agents Using Set-Based Reinforcement Learning
Aug 17, 2024Manuel Wendl, Lukas Koller, Tobias Ladner +1Verification
Few shot chain-of-thought driven reasoning to prompt LLMs for open ended medical question answering
Mar 7, 2024Saeel Sandeep Nachane, Ojas Gramopadhye, Prateek Chanda +5Medical Question Answering Clinical
TREAT: Evaluating Access to Formal Knowledge across Equivalent Mathematical Representations
Date pendingFateme Mazdarani, Carlos ToxtliTheorem New Era
Beyond Solver Verdicts: Generative Reward Models for Autoformalization
Date pendingVikash Singh, Debargha Ganguly, Aman Goel +5Formal Verification Equivalence
Monadic Second-Order Logic in HOL: Deep and Shallow with Automated Faithfulness (Extended Preprint)
Date pendingChristoph Benzmueller, Daniel KirchnerFirst-Order Logic Theorem
Verification of Adaptive Agentic Controllers through Finite Rule Revision
Date pendingRoberto GarroneAgentic Control Agentic AI Systems
Measuring Progress in Reasoning Toward Mathematical Discovery with Automatic Verification
Date pendingErik Y. Wang, Sumeet R. Motwani, James V. Roggeveen +9Mathematical Reasoning Theorem
Spec-Harness: Measuring and Improving Behavioral Adequacy of LLM-Synthesized Formal Specifications
Date pendingMd Rakib Hossain Misu, Iris Ma, Cristina V. LopesSpecification Llm-Driven Code Synthesis
SGA: Plug&Play Geometric Verification for Educational Video Synthesis
Date pendingJhon Lopez, Carlos Hinojosa, Bernard GhanemAgentic Video Generation Animation

Apr 18, 2026 · cs.CLJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Improving LLM Code Reasoning via Semantic Equivalence Self-Play with Formal Verification

Antonio Valerio Miceli Barone, Poon Tsz Nok

School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh

We introduce a self-play framework for semantic equivalence in Haskell, utilizing formal verification to guide adversarial training between a generator and an evaluator. The framework leverages Liquid Haskell proofs for validating equivalence and execution-based counterexamples for inequivalence, organized via a difficulty-aware curriculum. To facilitate this, we release \textbf{OpInstruct-HSx}, a synthetic dataset of

\approx

28k validated Haskell programs. Empirical experiments show that our evaluator transfers effectively to downstream tasks, achieving up to 13.3pp accuracy gain on EquiBench and consistent gains on PySecDB. Ablation studies on the SEQ-SINQ regimes indicate that while inequivalence supervision provides data volume, equivalence proofs are uniquely responsible for the model's reasoning capabilities. The entire training pipeline and dataset are publicly released on GitHub and Hugging Face respectively.

Llm-Driven Code Synthesis Equivalence Formal Verification Adversarial Evaluation Semantic Consistency Self-Play Counterexample

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