Autonomous Driving Simulation

Overview

The field builds virtual driving environments for training autonomous vehicles, testing safety, and studying interactions among cars, pedestrians, and other road users. Approaches range from physics-based simulators and CARLA–SUMO co-simulation to learned 3D scene reconstructions, occupancy models, and action-conditioned video or sensor world models; scenario generation often uses search, diffusion models, reinforcement learning, or language models. Evaluation spans closed-loop benchmarks such as CARLA, Bench2Drive, nuPlan, and Waymo, as well as hardware-in-the-loop and mixed-reality tests. A central tension is making simulations realistic and physically consistent while keeping them controllable and efficient, and ensuring that success in simulation predicts safe performance under new conditions and in the real world.

Latest papers

CardsList

230 papers15 papers in the last four weeks, down 50% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. WorkIng: A Real-World and Synthetic Highway Work-Zone Benchmark Dataset for Autonomous Navigation

    Oct 30, 2026Xujun Xie, Dominik Rößle, Adithya Mohan +2Autonomous Driving BenchmarksAutonomous Driving Datasets

  2. The Reality Gap in Automated Driving Systems Testing: Landscape, Challenges, and Research Directions

    Oct 28, 2026Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi, Oliver Weissl, Johannes Betz +1Autonomous Driving SimulationAutonomous Driving

  3. AuRaSim: A Ray-Tracing Based Automotive FMCW Radar Simulator for Dynamic Scenarios

    Oct 27, 2026Zhaoze Wang, Changxu Zhang, Tai Fei +4Physics-Based SimulationAutonomous Driving Simulation

  4. C-DFF: Concept-Level Diagnostics for Mechanism Parity in Simulation-Based Validation of Autonomous Driving Perception

    Oct 24, 2026Danial Safaei, Siddartha Khastgir, Matthew Higgins +4Autonomous Driving SimulationAutonomous Driving Perception

  5. Empirically Calibrated Differential Games for Simulating Driver Interactions

    Oct 23, 2026Amirmohammad Khakpour, Nachuan Li, Pedram Beigi +2Human Behavior SimulationHuman Behavior Modeling

  6. PCLA-Bridge: A Framework for Cross-Domain Deployment of CARLA Agents

    Oct 20, 2026Masoud Jamshidiyan Tehrani, Jinhan Kim, Paolo TonellaAutonomous DrivingAutonomous Driving Simulation

  7. GeoV2V: Geometry-Grounded Video Diffusion Model for Driving Scene Generation

    Oct 18, 2026Yuchen Xi, Yuhan Guo, Chenwei Hou +4Novel View SynthesisTrajectory-Guided Video Generation

  8. BodyBridge: Grounded Body Layers for Sim-to-Real Translation of Vulnerable Road Users

    Oct 17, 2026Mark Azer, Fabian B. FlohrSim-to-Real TransferVideo Diffusion Models

  9. Comfortably Stuck: Evaluation Pitfalls in Bench2Drive's Closed-Loop Protocol

    Oct 15, 2026Emad Aghajanzadeh, Thomas Schwarzfischer, Moritz Thoma +5Autonomous Driving BenchmarksBenchmark Design

  10. SHRED: Self-Play for Heterogeneous Road-Users without Expert Demonstrations

    Oct 14, 2026Wei-Jer Chang, Zhouchonghao Wu, Akshay Rangesh +3Self-Play RLAutonomous Driving Simulation

  11. Investigating Behavior Cloning from Few Demonstrations for Autonomous Driving based on Bird's-Eye View in Simulated Cities

    Oct 14, 2026Eric Aislan Antonelo, Gustavo Claudio Karl Couto, Christian Möller +1Instance ReweightingAutonomous Driving

  12. Into the LidarVerse: A Real-Time Unified LiDAR World Model Across Tasks and Sensors

    Oct 13, 2026Henry Che, Xuanchi Ren, Sanja Fidler +3World ModelsWorld Model Learning

  13. FlowSim: Rendering-Free Closed-Loop Simulation for Evaluating End-to-End Driving Systems

    Oct 13, 2026Hanfeng Wu, Alvaro Marcos-Ramiro, Michael Schmidt +1Autonomous Driving SimulationEnd-to-End Autonomous Driving

  14. Human Behavior-Informed Crash Scenario Generation with Real-World Crash Priors for Autonomous Vehicle Safety Evaluation

    Oct 3, 2026Mingxing Peng, Xusen Guo, Long Chen +3Autonomous Driving Scenario GenerationAutonomous Driving Safety Evaluation

  15. Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model Decision-Making for Autonomous Driving Guided by Chinese Philosophical Wisdom

    Oct 2, 2026Xiaojun Bi, Xiaoyuan Ma, Yiwen Sun +5Autonomous DrivingLLM Decision-Making

  16. SceneFactory-3D: Lifting 2D Traffic Scenes into 3D Physical Counterfactuals for Scalable Physically Grounded Safety Evaluation

    Oct 2, 2026Yicheng Zhu, Linfeng Tian, Tianmu Zhao +4Autonomous Driving SimulationAutonomous Driving Safety Evaluation

  17. TerrainForge: Physics-Grounded Road Geometry Editing for Counterfactual Autonomous Driving

    Oct 2, 2026Yang Chen, Yicheng Zhu, zhenning Li +2Autonomous Driving Scenario GenerationAutonomous Driving Simulation

  18. DyRAD: Radar Novel View Synthesis for Dynamic Driving Scenes

    Sep 30, 2026Merav Keidar, Tomer Borreda, Rajalakshmi Nandakumar +1Millimeter-Wave RadarmmWave Radar Sensing

  19. TrafficSignBench: Rule-Centric Closed-Loop Evaluation of Traffic-Sign Compliance in Autonomous Driving

    Sep 29, 2026Victoria Smirnova, Viktoriia Zinkovich, Gregorii Bukhtuev +4Autonomous Driving BenchmarksAutonomous Driving Safety Evaluation

  20. Agent-Based Evolutionary Dynamics for Mixed Autonomy Weaving Ramps

    Sep 29, 2026Sheryl Paul, Kexin Wang, Ruolin Li +1Intelligent Transportation SystemsAgent-Based Modeling

  21. VehicleArena: A Realistic Urban Environment for Multi-Agent Driving

    Sep 28, 2026Jie Yang, Jiajun Chen, Jiazheng Zhou +4Autonomous Driving BenchmarksAutonomous Driving

  22. SV2V-RSim: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Self-Selective V2V Cooperative Perception with Near-Realistic Data

    Sep 26, 2026Yulu Wu, Chao Wei, Jujun Cheng +6Cooperative PerceptionAutonomous Driving Datasets

  23. Guiding End-to-End Driving Models with Endpoint-Constrained Trajectory Optimization

    Sep 25, 2026Brayden Zhang, Mahsa Golchoubian, Igor Gilitschenski +2End-to-End Autonomous DrivingTrajectory Optimization

  24. RECAST: From Log Replay to Closed-Loop Driving Simulation with View-Complete Actors

    Sep 25, 2026Zijun Zhao, Liewen Liao, Kang Shen +2Autonomous Driving Simulation3D Asset Generation

  25. DriveHierarchy: A Benchmark for Diagnosing VLM Driving Capabilities from Open-Loop Understanding to Closed-Loop Execution

    Sep 25, 2026Chengkai Xu, Jiaqi Liu, Yicheng Guo +2Autonomous Driving BenchmarksVLMs for Autonomous Driving

  26. Combining Evasive and Braking Reactions for Safety Reference Models in Automated Vehicles

    Sep 24, 2026Riccardo Donà, Konstantinos Mattas, Biagio CiuffoCollision AvoidanceAutonomous Driving Safety Evaluation