Hallucination in Language Models

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13 papers in the last four weeks, up 160% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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PHRBench: A Behavioral Evaluation of Post-Hallucination Reasoning in LLMs
Oct 7, 2026Linghao Meng, Feng He, Xuan Yang +5Hallucination in Language Models LLM Hallucination Mitigation
National University of Singapore · Independent Researcher · Tsinghua University +2
Rethinking Faithfulness in LLMs: A Pairwise Context-Sensitive Perspective
Oct 6, 2026Zizhuo Zhang, Xiong Peng, Jingwei Sun +3Contextual Faithfulness LLM Evaluation
TMLR Group, Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University · Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab.
Hallucination Across the Reasoning Lifecycle: Interface Visibility, Causal Evidence, and Release Control in Large Reasoning Models
Oct 4, 2026Zhe Yu, Mohan Li, Lei Yu +6LLM Hallucination Mitigation Hallucination in Language Models
Zhejiang University, China · Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, China · Guangzhou University, China +5
Consensus and Factual Dynamics in Large Populations of Interacting Language Models
Sep 30, 2026Emanuele Ricco, Elia Onofri, Vincenzo Sammartino +1Hallucination in Language Models Multi-Agent Consensus
Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia · Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit`a di Pisa Pisa, Italy
Devils in Question Relay: Source-Conditioned Relay Steering to Mitigate Hallucinations in Audio-visual Large Language Models
Sep 29, 2026Yu Zhang, Pingrui Zhang, Xuefeng Bai +3LLM Hallucination Mitigation Hallucination in Language Models
Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China
Faithful Activation Verbalization: Reducing Hallucinations in LLM Representation Interpretation
Sep 27, 2026Haiyan Zhao, Zirui Hei, Wei Shi +3LLM Hallucination Mitigation LLM Interpretability
New Jersey Institute of Technology · Shanghai AI Laboratory · Xi’an JiaoTong University +1
CHI: A Composite Hallucination Index Unifying Entity, Relation, and Quantity Dimensions for Summarization Evaluation
Sep 27, 2026Praveenkumar Katwe, Rakesh Chandra Balabantaray, Kali Prasad VittalaHallucination in Language Models Factual Consistency Evaluation
International Institute of Information Technology Bhubaneswar, India · Salesforce India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, India
The Commit-Abstain Circuit: Why Language Models Hallucinate Instead of Abstaining
Sep 26, 2026Vy Nguyen, Ziqi Xu, Jeffrey Chan +5Hallucination in Language Models Circuits in Language Models
RMIT University · Jilin University · Nanyang Technological University
Hallucination Neurons and Where to Find Them: An Investigation into the existence of Hallucination Neurons
Sep 24, 2026Huseyin Cavus, Sebin Sabu, Joshua Spear +2LLM Interpretability Hallucination in Language Models
Trakya University, Edirne, Türkiye · DRIVE, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
When the Wrong Key Wins: Understanding and Detecting Hallucinations in LLMs
Sep 14, 2026Xuhan Tong, Haoyue Bai, Dawei Zhou +2Language Model Error Detection Hallucination in Language Models
University of Wisconsin–Madison
The Cost of Compression: A Rate-Distortion Limit on Factual Hallucination
Sep 14, 2026Xi Wang, Shijia Xu, Rongfeng GuoMemorization in Language Models Hallucination in Language Models
Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China · University of Science and Technology of China, China · Chongqing University, China +1
Biomedical Reference Generation Remains Unreliable across 26 Large Language Models
Sep 14, 2026Maxim Topaz, Zhihong Zhang, Nir Roguin +3LLM Evaluation Hallucination in Language Models
School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA · Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA · VNS Health, New York, NY, USA +4
Fortunate Recall: Ontology-Driven Memory Lifecycle Management for Persistent Coherence in LLMs
Sep 9, 2026Ansuman Mullick, Eray TüzünConversational Memory Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
Bilkent University
LexAgentHallu: A Hierarchical Benchmark for Profiling Hallucinations in Legal Agents
Sep 9, 2026Yujin Zhou, Mingxuan Zheng, Chuxue Cao +4Hallucination in Language Models LLM Agent Evaluation
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
When Financial Fine-tuning Fails: A Three-Level Detectability Analysis of Numerical Hallucination in Domain-Adapted Language Models
Sep 7, 2026Xiaodong Li, Peiwei LiuNumerical Reasoning in Language Models Hallucination in Language Models
School of Computer Science, Guangzhou College of Applied Science and Technology, Guangzhou, 511370, China · IT Department, COFCO Corporation, Beijing, 100020, China
Better Understanding, Better Fixes? A Study of Hallucination in LLM-based Automated Program Repair
Sep 4, 2026Xuemeng Cai, Jiakun Liu, Linhan Yang +2Automated Program Repair Hallucination in Language Models
School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore · Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
CHARM: Character Hallucination for Multicultural Role Play Benchmark
Sep 1, 2026Sunkyung Han, Nahyeon Park, Gaeun Seo +2LLM Evaluation Large Language Model-Based Role-Play Simulation
Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea · Adobe Research, CA, USA
The Privacy-Hallucination Tradeoff in Differentially Private Language Models
Aug 31, 2026Krithika Ramesh, Krishna Pillutla, Danish Pruthi +1Privacy-Preserving Language Models Hallucination in Language Models
Johns Hopkins University · Indian Institute of Technology, Madras · Indian Institute of Science
Actionable Hallucination Detection: Translating Latent Uncertainty into Agentic Critique
Aug 11, 2026Sanidhya Vijayvargiya, Rahul LokeshLLM Hallucination Mitigation Hallucination in Language Models
Samsung Research America
When Confidence Fails: Overconfidence in LLMs under Uncertainty and Missing Clinical Information
Aug 10, 2026Maryam Tahermazandarani, Adnan Mahmood, Fahmida Islam +1Hallucination in Language Models LLM Uncertainty Estimation
School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
A Grounded and Decomposed Framework for Relation-Level Hallucination Evaluation in Abstractive Summarization
Aug 8, 2026Praveen Kumar Katwe, Rakesh Chandra Balabantaray, Kali Prasad Vittala +1Hallucination in Language Models Factual Consistency Evaluation
Dept. of CSE IIIT Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India · Informatica Bengaluru, Karnataka, India · TEKsystems Global Services Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Eliciting Intrinsic Hallucinations in LLMs via Semantically Equivalent Adversarial Attacks
Aug 4, 2026Atri Vivek Sharma, Brian Formento, Alessio LomuscioRetrieval-Augmented Generation Adversarial Attacks
Imperial College London · Safe Intelligence
Hallucinations on the Board: Tool-Augmented Evaluation of LLM Chess Commentary
Aug 4, 2026S. Ashwin Hebbar, Peiyao Sheng, Sewoong Oh +1LLM Evaluation Tool-Use Evaluation
Princeton University · Sentient Labs · University of Washington
HalluTruthQA-4K: A Fine-Grained Corpus and Annotation Process for Arabic Hallucination Detection and Truth Verification
Aug 4, 2026Salah Eddine Bekhouche, Abdessalam Bouchekif, Hichem Telli +2Hallucination Detection Hallucination in Language Models
University of the Basque Country, Spain · Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar · University of Biskra, Algeria +1
Tracing the Cascade: A Topology-Aware Evaluation Framework for Scientific Agent Hallucinations
Aug 1, 2026Xinshun Feng, Ziqi Miao, Lijun Li +1AI Agents for Scientific Discovery Hallucination in Language Models
Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai, China
D-Score: A Spectral Hidden-State Signal for Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models
Jul 27, 2026Bianca Raimondi, Davide Evangelista, Maurizio Gabbrielli +1Language Model Error Detection Hallucination in Language Models
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Reality Monitoring in Large Language Models: Self-Knowledge That Transforms with Conversation Memory
Jul 27, 2026Saurabh Ranjan, Konstantina Sokratous, Brian OdegaardHallucination in Language Models Language Model Self-Assessment
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. · University of Missouri, Missouri, USA.
Hallucination Rates in Language Generation
Jul 25, 2026Debmalya Panigrahi, Fan Wei, Ian ZhangHallucination in Language Models Text Generation
Department of Computer Science, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA. · Department of Mathematics, Duke University, 120 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA. · Duke University.
Geo3R: Mitigating Spatial Reasoning Hallucination in Multimodal Large Language Models
Jul 23, 2026Mingyu Wang, Weilin Jin, Wenbo Li +33D Spatial Reasoning Hallucination in Language Models
Peking University Beijing, China · Joy Future Academy Beijing, China
Chemical Chain-of-Thought Functions as a Hallucination-Prone Molecular Scratchpad
Jul 23, 2026Jiatong Li, Yuxuan Ren, Weida Wang +2CoT Faithfulness Scientific Reasoning
Blue Whale Lab, National University of Singapore · Fudan University · Hong Kong Polytechnic University
HalluTruthQA: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Hallucination Detection, Localization, and Explanation in Arabic Question Answering
Jul 22, 2026Abdessalam Bouchekif, Mohammed-En-Nadhir Zighem, Salah Eddine Bekhouche +9Arabic NLP LLM Answer Verification
Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar · University of the Basque Country, Spain · University of Biskra, Algeria +2
Prompt Design at Scale: How Format, Instruction Count, and Context Length Shape Instruction Adherence and Hallucination in Large Language Models
Jul 21, 2026Netanel EliavLLM Evaluation Language Model Generation Evaluation
Machine Human Intelligence Lab (MHIL)
Reasoning Error from Known Fact: Step-Level Self-Consistency Group Relative Policy Optimization for LLM
Jul 21, 2026Xiaomeng Hu, Jiaqi Hu, Hao Chen +4RL for Language Model Reasoning Hallucination in Language Models
Zhejiang University
Protective Capacity Hallucination: When Large Language Models Claim Nonexistent Capabilities
Jul 15, 2026Eunna Lee, Jungpyo Nam, Sunjun HwangLanguage Model Safety Evaluation Hallucination in Language Models
Independent Researcher · Korea Cyber University · Yonsei University
Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models Using Diversion Decoding
Jul 11, 2026Basel Abdeen, S M Tahmid Siddiqui, Meah Tahmeed Ahmed +4Hallucination in Language Models LLM Hallucination Detection
The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA · National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA · Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA
Faithful by Design: Evaluating and Improving LLM-Generated Clinical Trial Summaries for Multi-Stakeholder Audiences
Jul 10, 2026Robert WilliamsHallucination in Language Models Text Summarization
University of Texas at Austin Computer & Data Science Online Austin, Texas, USA
Does Bielik Know What It Doesn't Know? Activation Dispersion Separates Entity Familiarity from Factual Reliability Across Model Scale
Jul 8, 2026Grzegorz BrzezinkaHallucination in Language Models Knowledge Representation
Prosit AS
Mitigating Factual Hallucination in Large Reasoning Models via Mixed-Mode Advantage Regularization
Jul 7, 2026Kaishen Wang, Tong Zheng, Xuehao Cui +3LLM Hallucination Mitigation RL for Language Model Reasoning
Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park
Knowledge Knows, Verbalization Tells: Disentangling Latent Directions for Mathematical Solvability in LLMs
Jul 6, 2026Nikolaos Xiros, Maria-Eleni Zoumpoulidi, Georgios ParaskevopoulosHallucination in Language Models Representation Geometry in Language Models
Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Athena Research Center, Greece
Phantom References: Hallucinated Citations That Survive Peer Review at Top-Tier Conferences
Jul 1, 2026Mark Russinovich, Ram Shankar Siva Kumar, Ahmed SalemHallucination in Language Models Citation Verification
*Microsoft Azure · §Microsoft
Understanding Why Language Models Hallucinate: Testing Reasoning Against Priors
Jul 1, 2026Yangfan Hu, Xuhan Tong, Haoyue Bai +5Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models LLM Prompting
University of Wisconsin–Madison
AURORA: Asymmetry and Update-Induced Rotation for Robust Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models
Jun 28, 2026Zishuai Zhang, Hainan Zhang, Zhiming ZhengHallucination in Language Models LLM Hallucination Detection
School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University, China · 2Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University, China
Agent vs. Parametric World Models: Hybrid Planning for Reliable Language Agents
Jun 26, 2026Xinyuan Song, Zekun CaiWorld Models World Model-Based Planning
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA · The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan · LocationMind, Tokyo, Japan
From Signals to Transfer: A Factorised Study of Probe-Based Uncertainty Estimation in Large Language Models
Jun 26, 2026Ponhvoan Srey, Xiaobao Wu, Cong-Duy Nguyen +3Uncertainty Quantification Hallucination in Language Models
Nanyang Technological University · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · VinUniversity +1
Not All Claims Are Equally Risky: FACTOR for Adaptive Verification in Factual Long-Form Generation
Jun 21, 2026Areeba Hassan, Arooj Kausar, Syeda Kisaa Fatima +2LLM Answer Verification Long-Form Document Generation
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
Per-Entity Bias Mapping for AI Visibility: Why Brand Mentions Require Entity-Specific Calibration
Jun 19, 2026Zoltan VargaHallucination in Language Models Language Model Bias Evaluation
Neural Awareness Budapest, Hungary
Finetuning with Scientific Data Increases Hallucinations: A Multi-domain Factuality Evaluation of LLMs
Jun 19, 2026Raia Abu Ahmad, Nikolas Rauscher, Ekaterina Borisova +3LLM Evaluation LLM Fine-Tuning
Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH (DFKI) · Technische Universität Berlin · Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
When AI Says "I have been in similar situations": Synthetic Lived Experience in Peer-Like Caregiver Support
Jun 16, 2026Drishti Goel, Agam Goyal, Veda Duddu +6Emotional Support Conversation Healthcare
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA · OSF HealthCare, USA · University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA +1
Failure Modes of Large Language Models on Research-Level Mathematics: A Taxonomy and an Empirical Characterisation
Jun 12, 2026Arnesh Banerjee, Ayushi BhattacharjeeMathematical Reasoning Benchmarks LLM Auditing
Dept. of CSE (Data Science) Heritage Institute of Technology Kolkata, India
Authority, Truth, and Citation Bias: A Large-Scale Multi-Domain Benchmark for Studying Epistemic Susceptibility in Large Language Models
Jun 11, 2026Aryan Khurana, Aravind Ramana RN, Dhruv KumarLLM Evaluation Hallucination in Language Models
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
PhantomBench: Benchmarking the Non-existential Threat of Language Models
Jun 9, 2026Haeji Jung, Hila GonenLLM Evaluation Hallucination in Language Models
University of British Columbia · Canada CIFAR AI Chair, Amii
Generating in the Limit with Infinitely Many Hallucinations
Jun 8, 2026Irene Strauss, Alexandra Butoi, Ryan CotterellHallucination in Language Models Text Generation
ETH Zürich
Analyzing the Correlation Between Hallucinations and Knowledge Conflicts in Large Language Models
Jun 7, 2026Lucrezia Laraspata, Giovanna Castellano, Gennaro VessioKnowledge Conflicts in Language Models LLM Interpretability
Department of Computer Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
Calibration of Structured Ignorance Certificates for Diagnosing Unknown Unknowns in Reasoning Models
Jun 7, 2026Subramanyam SahooHallucination in Language Models Language Model Calibration
Independent Researcher.
Evidence Graph Consistency in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Model-Dependent Analysis of Hallucination Detection
Jun 4, 2026Jianru ShenRetrieval-Augmented Generation Hallucination in Language Models
University of Montana Missoula, MT, USA
What's in a Name? Morphological Shortcuts by LLMs in Pharmacology
Jun 4, 2026Kaijie Mo, Thomas Yang, Chantal Shaib +6Hallucination in Language Models Language Modeling
The University of Texas at Austin · Northeastern University · MD Anderson Cancer Center
Cascading Hallucination in Agentic RAG: The CHARM Framework for Detection and Mitigation
Jun 3, 2026Saroj MishraLLM Hallucination Mitigation Hallucination in Language Models
University of North Dakota
Conformal Language Modeling via Posterior Sampling
Jun 2, 2026Nicolas Emmenegger, Theo X. Olausson, Armando Solar-Lezama +1Hallucination in Language Models Conformal Prediction
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Hallucinations as Orthogonal Noise: Inference-Time Manifold Alignment via Dynamic Contextual Orthogonalization
Jun 2, 2026Mingkuan Zhao, Wentao Hu, Tianchen Huang +6LLM Hallucination Mitigation Hallucination in Language Models
Xi’an Jiaotong University · Xingchen AGI Lab, China Telecom AI Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. · University of Science and Technology of China +2
The Ghost Couple: Correlated LLM Name Priors and Their Haunting of the Web and Academic Publishing
Jun 1, 2026Michał Brzozowski, Neo Christopher ChungLLM Auditing Hallucination in Language Models
Samsung AI Center, Warsaw, Poland · University of Warsaw, Poland

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PHRBench: A Behavioral Evaluation of Post-Hallucination Reasoning in LLMs

Linghao Meng, Feng He, Xuan Yang, Junyuan Mao+4

National University of Singapore · Independent Researcher · Tsinghua University+2

Hallucination in Language Models LLM Hallucination Mitigation Belief Updating in LLMs

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Hallucinated information can propagate through multi-stage LLM systems and become part of the context for subsequent reasoning. Existing studies of post-hallucination reasoning (PHR) mainly characterize changes in final outcomes and aggregate reasoning dynamics, leaving how models resolve hallucinated premises at the response level insufficiently understood. In this work, we introduce PHRBench, a controlled benchmark for behaviorally structured PHR across four domains and 18 large language models. PHRBench characterizes each reasoning trajectory independently of final-answer correctness through Hallucination Compliance, Hallucination Avoidance, and Heuristic Correction, and defines an insightful trajectory as successful correction that ultimately reaches the correct answer. Across 4820 controlled instances, we find that successful recovery remains relatively rare and is associated with more frequent belief updates along the reasoning trajectory. We further find that properties of the hallucinated prompt contain substantial predictive signal for successful recovery, with a lightweight predictor achieving an AUROC of 0.847. These findings provide a behavioral view of post-hallucination reasoning, characterizing how LLMs resolve erroneous context and when successful recovery is likely to occur.

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