Language Acquisition

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5 papers in the last four weeks, with none the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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StreamDecisionBench: Evaluating Decisions in Force on Evolving Language Streams
Sep 29, 2026Jhen-Ke Lin, Chung Chun WangLarge Language Model Decisions Large Language Model Judges
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
Cross-Linguistic Effects in Bilingual Phoneme BabyLMs
Sep 29, 2026Nikitas Theodoropoulos, Maria Lymperaiou, Giorgos FilandrianosLanguage Acquisition Cross-Lingual Consistency
Independent Researcher · National Technical University of Athens · Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal
The Dynamics of Quasiregular Neural Learning
Sep 22, 2026Matthia SabatelliText Dominance Language Acquisition
Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen Groningen, The Netherlands
Modeling the Developmental Shift in Telicity Acquisition
Sep 16, 2026Ellie Xia, Parisa Kordjamshidi, Alan Hezao KeLanguage Acquisition Developmental Trajectories
Michigan State University · University of South Carolina
Enemray: Toward Capable Language Models for Hassaniya
Sep 13, 2026Cheikh AhmedLanguage Acquisition Pretraining
GlossoGen: Emergent Language in Complex Multi-Agent LLM Interactions
Sep 1, 2026Elias Stengel-Eskin, Newton Sander, Carlos Bonetti +4Multilingual Agents Multi-Agent Evolution
University of Texas at Austin · AE Studio · Schmidt Sciences +1
Linguistic Distance Segregates Latent Representations in Automatic Speech Recognition Systems
Aug 31, 2026Ting-Hui Cheng, Line Katrine Harder Clemmensen, Sneha DasAutomatic Speech Recognition Language Acquisition
Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark
Evolving language compositionality in a frequency-structured meaning space
Jul 31, 2026Fabio De Ponte, Eloise Gaines-White, Conor Houghton +1Language Acquisition Compositionality
Université de Namur and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium · University of Bristol, UK
Towards Reducing Foreign Language Anxiety Using Level-Appropriate Embodied Conversational Agents
Jul 24, 2026Krishan Rajaratnam, Wenbin Gan, Yuan SunMultilingual Agents Language Acquisition
University of Oxford (UNITED KINGDOM) · National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (JAPAN) · National Institute of Informatics (JAPAN)
Early Language Learning via Spreading Activation and Category Exploration in Complex Networks
Jul 7, 2026Salvatore CitraroLanguage Acquisition Unsupervised Dictionary Learning
Institute of Information Science and Technologies “A. Faedo” (ISTI) National Research Council (CNR) Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy · National Research Council (CNR) Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
EmCom-Diffusion: Probing Visual Reflection in Emergent Languages via Image Generation
Jul 4, 2026Haruumi Omoto, Tadahiro TaniguchiLanguage Acquisition Image Generation
Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan · Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
Deriving Benchmarking Datasets from Long-Form Recordings: Challenges and Opportunities
Jul 3, 2026Kaveri K. Sheth, Lawrence Borst, Tarek Kunze +6Language Acquisition Seed-Tts-Eval Benchmark
LAAC, LSCP, DEC, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France · Laboratoire d’Informatique et Syst`emes, Universit´e Aix-Marseille, CNRS, France · Signal Processing Research Centre, Tampere University, Finland
Dango: A Strictly L1-Only Large Language Model for Studying Second Language Acquisition
Jun 17, 2026Shiho Matta, Yin Jou Huang, Fei Cheng +3Language Acquisition
Kyoto University · NII-LLMC
Emergent Language as an Approach to Conscious AI
Jun 4, 2026Zengqing Wu, Chuan XiaoMultilingual Agents Artificial Intelligence Systems
University of Osaka
TalkTag: Fine-Grained Morphosyntactic Error Annotation for Transcribed Speech
Jun 1, 2026Shamira Venturini, Oliver Hennhöfer, Steffen Kinkel +1Transcript Tagging
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences · Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany +1
Child-directed speech facilitates production, not comprehension, in BabyLMs
May 31, 2026Bastian Bunzeck, Sina ZarrießLanguage Acquisition Speech Language Models
Computational Linguistics, Department of Linguistics Bielefeld University, Germany
Emergent Languages in Populations of Language Model Agents: From Token Efficiency to Oversight Evasion
May 29, 2026Stine Lyngsø Beltoft, William Brach, Federico Torrielli +5Multilingual Agents Language Acquisition
University of Southern Denmark · 2Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava · University of Turin +1
Measuring Form and Function in Language Models
May 27, 2026Héctor Javier Vázquez Martínez, Charles YangLanguage Acquisition Discourse
University of Pennsylvania Department of Linguistics and Computer and Information Science
Temporal Concept Drift in Legal Judgment Prediction: Neural Baselines Across Three Epochs of Ukrainian Court Decisions
May 23, 2026Volodymyr OvcharovLegal Natural Language Processing Benchmarks Pretraining
Collocational bootstrapping: A hypothesis about the learning of subject-verb agreement in humans and neural networks
May 19, 2026Claire Hobbs, R. Thomas McCoyLanguage Acquisition Syntactic Structure
Cognitive Science Program Yale University · Dept. of Linguistics & Wu Tsai Institute Yale University
CAIT: A Syntactic Parsing Toolkit for Child-Adult InTeractions
May 19, 2026Francesca Padovani, Xiulin Yang, Bastian Bunzeck +4Syntactic Structure Language Acquisition
Center for Language and Cognition (CLCG), University of Groningen · Georgetown University · Computational Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, Bielefeld University
A Data-Efficient Path to Multilingual LLMs: Language Expansion via Post-training PARAM $Δ$ Integration into Upcycled MoE
May 18, 2026Hao Zhou, Tianhao Li, Zhijun Wang +6Multilingual Language Models Language Acquisition
National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University · Tongyi Lab, Alibaba Group · Zhejiang University
A Scalable Tool for Measuring Manner and Result Verbs in Developmental Language Research
May 15, 2026Divyesh Pratap Singh, Dakshesh Gusain, Federica Bulgarelli +4Language Acquisition Natural Language Datasets
University at Buffalo · Nanyang Technological University · The University of Texas at Austin
What makes a word hard to learn? Modeling L1 influence on English vocabulary difficulty
May 12, 2026Jonas Mayer Martins, Zhuojing Huang, Aaricia Herygers +1Language Acquisition Cross-Lingual Transfer
University of Göttingen, Germany
Is Child-Directed Language Optimized for Word Learning? A Computational Study of Verb Meaning Acquisition
May 12, 2026Francesca Padovani, Jaap Jumelet, Yevgen Matusevych +1Language Acquisition Syntactic Structure
Center for Language and Cognition (CLCG), University of Groningen
A Computational Operationalisation of Competing Maturational Theories of Syntactic Development via Statistical Grammar Induction
May 8, 2026Mila Marcheva, Suchir Salhan, Weiwei SunLanguage Acquisition Syntactic Structure
Department of Computer Science & Technology, University of Cambridge
What Kind of Language is Easy to Language-Model Under Curriculum Learning?
Apr 29, 2026Nadine El-Naggar, Tatsuki Kuribayashi, Ted BriscoeLanguage Acquisition Typology
Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence
Listen and Chant Before You Read: The Ladder of Beauty in LM Pre-Training
Apr 23, 2026Yoshinori NomuraLarge Language Model Pretraining Pretraining
Mirage Mountain Technologies Inc.
CHRONOBERG: Capturing Language Evolution and Temporal Awareness in Foundation Models
Sep 26, 2025Niharika Hegde, Subarnaduti Paul, Lars Joel-Frey +4Language Acquisition Dense Temporal Annotation
DFKI · TU Darmstadt · University of Bremen +2

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StreamDecisionBench: Evaluating Decisions in Force on Evolving Language Streams

Jhen-Ke Lin, Chung Chun Wang

National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University

Large Language Model Decisions Large Language Model Judges Dialogue Benchmarks Decisions Language Model Computes Real-Time Systems+2

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Language models increasingly make real-time decisions in applications that apply the latest answer until a newer one arrives. A late answer can prolong an outdated decision, such as a call recorder still running while a customer reads out card details, an error offline accuracy misses. We make three contributions. First, we release StreamDecisionBench (SDB), a dataset of eight streaming scenarios in four application families, with executable reference decisions derived from public rules. Second, we propose an evaluation protocol and a metric, in-force accuracy: the share of time the applied decision is correct across update intervals of 0.5-8 s. It reflects accuracy and latency jointly, attributing each error to judgment, latency or both. Third, we evaluate thirteen single-model settings, and this attribution separates speed-limited from judgment-limited models: slower, more accurate models lose 42-51% of the time to outdated answers, a fast model 34% to wrong ones. We therefore test hybrids in which a slow model corrects a fast one; with the right pairing and configuration, a hybrid outperforms every single model. However, even the best evaluated system keeps a correct decision in force only about two-thirds of the time, leaving a substantial gap for real-time use.

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