LLM Agent Planning

LLM: Large Language Model

Overview

LLM agent planning studies how language models can turn instructions into sequences of actions that achieve goals in tools, software, websites, and physical or simulated environments. Common approaches include ReAct-style plan-and-act loops, hierarchical subgoals and skill graphs, symbolic planners such as PDDL, search methods such as tree search, and world models that predict action outcomes; reinforcement learning and trajectory feedback are also used to improve these systems. Evaluations span web and GUI navigation, coding, household tasks, games, and tool-use benchmarks, increasingly testing long horizons, changing conditions, tool failures, and resource costs. A central challenge is that a plausible plan does not guarantee faithful or safe execution: agents must track state, ground tool arguments, verify results, and recover when assumptions or plans fail.

Latest papers

CardsList

226 papers38 papers in the last four weeks, up 100% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. HTAA: Enhancing LLM Planning via Hybrid Toolset Agentization & Adaptation

    Apr 13, 2026Chengrui Huang, Junshuo Zhang, Zhiyuan Ma +7Tool-Use PlanningLLM Tool Use

  2. Credit-Budgeted ICPC-Style Coding: When Agents Must Pay for Every Decision

    Apr 11, 2026Lingfeng Zhou, Junhao Shi, Jin Gao +1Software Engineering AgentsAI Agent Benchmarks

  3. AgentCE-Bench: Agent Configurable Evaluation with Scalable Horizons and Controllable Difficulty under Lightweight Environments

    Apr 7, 2026Wang Yang, Chaoda Song, Xinpeng Li +7AI Agent BenchmarksAgent Benchmarks

  4. ClinicalAgents: Multi-Agent Orchestration for Clinical Decision Making with Dual-Memory

    Mar 27, 2026Zhuohan Ge, Haoyang Li, Yubo Wang +3Clinical Decision-MakingMulti-Agent LLM Systems

  5. Language-Grounded Multi-Agent Planning for Personalized and Fair Participatory Urban Sensing

    Mar 25, 2026Xusen Guo, Mingxing Peng, Hongliang Lu +3Multi-Agent PlanningLLM Agent Planning

  6. DUPLEX: Agentic Dual-System Planning via LLM-Driven Information Extraction

    Mar 25, 2026Keru Hua, Ding Wang, Yaoying Gu +1Robot Task PlanningLLM Agent Planning

  7. The Evolution of Tool Use in LLM Agents: From Single-Tool Call to Multi-Tool Orchestration

    Mar 24, 2026Haoyuan Xu, Chang Li, Xinyan Ma +12LLM Tool UseLong-Horizon LLM Agents

  8. OpenEarth-Agent: From Tool Calling to Tool Creation for Open-Environment Earth Observation

    Mar 23, 2026Sijie Zhao, Feng Liu, Xueliang Zhang +11LLM Agent Tool GenerationLLM Agent Planning

  9. PlanTwin: Privacy-Preserving Planning Abstractions for Cloud-Assisted LLM Agents

    Mar 19, 2026Guangsheng Yu, Qin Wang, Rui Lang +2AI Agent SecurityLLM Agent Planning

  10. Why Do LLM-based Web Agents Fail? A Hierarchical Planning Perspective

    Mar 15, 2026Mohamed Aghzal, Gregory J. Stein, Ziyu YaoWeb AgentsLLM Agent Reliability

  11. EnterpriseOps-Gym: Environments and Evaluations for Stateful Agentic Planning and Tool Use in Enterprise Settings

    Mar 13, 2026Shiva Krishna Reddy Malay, Shravan Nayak, Jishnu Sethumadhavan Nair +6AI Agent BenchmarksLLM Agent Planning

  12. AI Planning Framework for LLM-Based Web Agents

    Mar 13, 2026Orit Shahnovsky, Rotem DrorLLM Agent PlanningWeb Agents

  13. SCALAR: Learning and Composing Skills through LLM Guided Symbolic Planning and Deep RL Grounding

    Mar 10, 2026Renos Zabounidis, Yue Wu, Simon Stepputtis +4LLM-Guided RLLLM Agent Skill Learning

  14. Enhancing Web Agents with a Hierarchical Memory Tree

    Mar 7, 2026Yunteng Tan, Zhi Gao, Xinxiao WuWeb AgentsLLM Agent Memory

  15. Agentic LLM Planning via Step-Wise PDDL Simulation: An Empirical Characterisation

    Mar 6, 2026Kai Göbel, Pierrick Lorang, Patrik Zips +1LLM PlanningLLM Agent Planning

  16. STRUCTUREDAGENT: Planning with AND/OR Trees for Long-Horizon Web Tasks

    Mar 5, 2026ELita Lobo, Xu Chen, Jingjing Meng +5LLM Agent PlanningLong-Horizon LLM Agents

  17. PseudoAct: Leveraging Pseudocode Synthesis for Flexible Planning and Action Control in Large Language Model Agents

    Feb 27, 2026Yihan, Wen, Xin ChenLLM Agent PlanningLong-Horizon LLM Agents

  18. Learning from Trials and Errors: Reflective Test-Time Planning for Embodied LLMs

    Feb 24, 2026Yining Hong, Huang Huang, Manling Li +4Large Language Model-Based Robot PlanningLLM Agent Planning