LLM Agents

LLM: Large Language Model

LLM agents combine language models with tools, memory, and execution environments to pursue goals through sequences of decisions rather than producing a single response. Common approaches include ReAct-style planning and tool use, retrieval and reusable skill libraries, reflection and verification, multi-agent coordination, and training with supervised trajectories or reinforcement learning; runtime harnesses also manage state, permissions, and model routing. They are tested on interactive web and coding tasks, tool-use and long-horizon benchmarks, domain workflows, and simulations of social or physical settings. A central challenge is making agents reliable and safe when tasks, instructions, and environments change while controlling cost and evaluating performance beyond narrow benchmark success.

Latest papers

711 papers129 papers in the last four weeks, up 59% on the four weeks before. 0.7% of all new papers.

AgentV-RL: Scaling Reward Modeling with Agentic Verifier
Apr 17, 2026Jiazheng Zhang, Ziche Fu, Zhiheng Xi +13Reward Modeling RL for Language Model Reasoning
College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · The University of Hong Kong +3
"Excuse me, may I say something..." CoLabScience, A Proactive AI Assistant for Biomedical Discovery and LLM-Expert Collaborations
Apr 16, 2026Yang Wu, Jinhong Yu, Jingwei Xiong +2AI-Assisted Scientific Research LLM Agents
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA · University of California, Davis, CA, USA · Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
Autogenesis: A Self-Evolving Agent Protocol
Apr 16, 2026Wentao Zhang, Zhe Zhao, Haibin Wen +4Multi-Agent LLM Systems LLM Agent Self-Improvement
Nanyang Technological University · Stanford University · City University of Hong Kong +1
El Agente Forjador: Task-Driven Agent Generation for Quantum Simulation
Apr 16, 2026Zijian Zhang, Aiwei Yin, Amaan Baweja +4Multi-Agent LLM Systems AI for Science
Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 40 St George St., Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada · Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, W1140-108 College St., Schwartz Reisman Innovation2026 Campus, Toronto, ON M5G 0C6, Canada · NVIDIA, 431 King St W #6th, Toronto, ON M5V 1K4, Canada +5
AgileLog: A Forkable Shared Log for Agents on Data Streams
Apr 16, 2026Shreesha G. Bhat, Tony Hong, Michael Noguera +2LLM Agents
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Credo: Declarative Control of LLM Pipelines via Beliefs and Policies
Apr 15, 2026Duo Lu, Andrew Crotty, Uğur ÇetintemelLLM Agent Orchestration LLM Agents
Brown University · Northwestern University
Enhancing LLM-based Search Agents via Contribution Weighted Group Relative Policy Optimization
Apr 15, 2026Junzhe Wang, Zhiheng Xi, Yajie Yang +4LLM Agents RL for LLM Agents
Fudan University · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing
On the Creativity of AI Agents
Apr 14, 2026Giorgio Franceschelli, Mirco MusolesiComputational Creativity LLM Agents
University of Bologna · University College London and University of Bologna
Transferable Expertise for Autonomous Agents via Real-World Case-Based Learning
Apr 14, 2026Zhenyu Ma, Yuyang Song, Chunyi Yang +3Case-Based Reasoning LLM Agents
National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. · State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
$λ_A$ : A Typed Lambda Calculus for LLM Agent Composition
Apr 13, 2026Qin LiuLLM Agents LLM Agent Orchestration
State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China · Software Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
From Agent Loops to Structured Graphs:A Scheduler-Theoretic Framework for LLM Agent Execution
Apr 13, 2026Hu WeiLLM Agent Orchestration LLM Agents
ClinQueryAgent: A Conversational Agent for Population Health Management
Apr 13, 2026Joseph S. Boyle, Anthony Dranfield, Mike O'Neil +2Healthcare LLM Agents
Canon Medical Research Europe · Queen Mary University of London · Nottingham and Nottinghamshire ICB, NHS England +1
CheeseBench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Rodent Behavioral Neuroscience Paradigms
Apr 12, 2026Zacharie BugaudLLM Evaluation LLM Agents
Astera Institute
The Amazing Agent Race: Strong Tool Users, Weak Navigators
Apr 11, 2026Zae Myung Kim, Dongseok Lee, Jaehyung Kim +2LLM Agent Evaluation AI Agent Benchmarks
University of Minnesota Twin Cities · Yonsei University · Grammarly
Many-Tier Instruction Hierarchy in LLM Agents
Apr 10, 2026Jingyu Zhang, Tianjian Li, William Jurayj +3LLM Agents AI Agent Safety Benchmarks
Johns Hopkins University
HiL-Bench (Human-in-Loop Benchmark): Do Agents Know When to Ask for Help?
Apr 10, 2026Tu Trinh, Mohamed Elfeki, Guangze Luo +9LLM Agents AI Agent Benchmarks
Enhancing LLM Problem Solving via Tutor-Student Multi-Agent Interaction
Apr 10, 2026Nurullah Eymen Özdemir, Erhan OztopMulti-Agent LLM Systems LLM Agents
Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkiye · Symbiotic Intelligent Systems Research Center, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, The University of Osaka, Japan.
Graph Query Generation with Constraint-guided Large Language Agents
Apr 9, 2026Mengying Wang, Nicolaas Jedema, Rahul Pandey +3Knowledge Graph Question Answering LLM Agents
Case Western Reserve University · Amazon · Meta +1
Externalization in LLM Agents: A Unified Review of Memory, Skills, Protocols and Harness Engineering
Apr 9, 2026Chenyu Zhou, Huacan Chai, Wenteng Chen +18LLM Agents LLM Agent Harnesses
Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Sun Yat-Sen University · Shanghai Innovation Institute +2
More Capable, Less Cooperative? When LLMs Fail At Zero-Cost Collaboration
Apr 9, 2026Advait Yadav, Sid Black, Oliver SourbutMulti-Agent Coordination Multi-Agent Collaboration
MATS · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · UK AI Security Institute +1
The Cartesian Cut in Agentic AI
Apr 9, 2026Tim Sainburg, Caleb WeinrebLLM Agents Language Model-Based Control
Harvard University · Harvard Medical School
CLEAR: Context Augmentation from Contrastive Learning of Experience via Agentic Reflection
Apr 8, 2026Linbo Liu, Guande Wu, Han Ding +7LLM Context Management LLM Agents
AWS AI
ReDAct: Uncertainty-Aware Deferral for LLM Agents
Apr 8, 2026Dzianis Piatrashyn, Nikita Kotelevskii, Kirill Grishchenkov +7LLM Agents LLM Agent Reliability
Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Ocapital · National University of Science and Technology (NUST) MISIS +3
From Perception to Autonomous Computational Modeling: A Multi-Agent Approach
Apr 8, 2026Daniel N. WilkeLLM Agents Multi-Agent LLM Systems
School of Mechanical, Industrial and Aeronautical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Select-then-Solve: Paradigm Routing as Inference-Time Optimization for LLM Agents
Apr 8, 2026Heng Zhou, Zelin Tan, Zhemeng Zhang +15LLM Agent Workflow Optimization LLM Agents
AgentOpt v0.1 Technical Report: Client-Side Optimization for LLM-Based Agent
Apr 7, 2026Wenyue Hua, Sripad Karne, Qian Xie +4LLM Agent Workflow Optimization LLM Agent Efficiency
Microsoft Research, AI Frontiers · Columbia University · Cornell University
Context-Value-Action Architecture for Value-Driven Large Language Model Agents
Apr 7, 2026TianZe Zhang, Sirui Sun, Yuhang Xie +3Human Behavior Modeling LLM Agents
State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University · Yuanpei College, Peking University · School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University +2
RAGEN-2: Reasoning Collapse in Agentic RL
Apr 7, 2026Zihan Wang, Chi Gui, Xing Jin +13LLM Agents RL for LLM Agents
Northwestern University · UIUC · Independent +5
Graph-of-Skills: Dependency-Aware Structural Retrieval for Massive Agent Skills
Apr 7, 2026Dawei Liu, Zongxia Li, Hongyang Du +4Tool-Augmented Language Model Agents Graph-Based Retrieval
University of Pennsylvania · University of Maryland · Brown University +2
ClawsBench: Evaluating Capability and Safety of LLM Productivity Agents in Simulated Workspaces
Apr 6, 2026Xiangyi Li, Kyoung Whan Choe, Yimin Liu +12LLM Agent Evaluation LLM Agents
BenchFlow · RLWRLD · Ohio State University +9

Apr 17, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

AgentV-RL: Scaling Reward Modeling with Agentic Verifier

Jiazheng Zhang, Ziche Fu, Zhiheng Xi, Wenqing Jing+12

College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · The University of Hong Kong+3

Reward Modeling RL for Language Model Reasoning LLM Agents LLM Agent Training

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Verifiers have been demonstrated to enhance LLM reasoning via test-time scaling (TTS). Yet, they face significant challenges in complex domains. Error propagation from incorrect intermediate reasoning can lead to false positives for seemingly plausible solutions, while lacking external grounding makes verifiers unreliable on computation or knowledge-intensive tasks. To address these challenges, we propose Agentic Verifier, a framework that transforms reward modeling into a multi-turn, tool-augmented deliberative process. We introduce complementary forward and backward agents: one traces solutions from premises to conclusions, while the other re-checks conclusions against their underlying premises. This bidirectional process enables a comprehensive, reliable, and interpretable assessment of solutions. To facilitate practical deployment, we propose AgentV-RL. Through proactive exploration and reinforcement learning, the verifier autonomously interleaves tool-use with internal reasoning. Extensive experiments show that Agentic Verifier yields consistent performance gains under both parallel and sequential TTS. Notably, our 4B variant surpasses state-of-the-art ORMs by 25.2%, positioning it as a promising paradigm for agentic reward modeling.