Medical Image Analysis

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Medical image analysis develops methods to detect disease, segment anatomy, track changes over time, reconstruct images, and estimate clinically useful measurements from modalities such as CT, MRI, X-rays, ultrasound, and retinal imaging. Common approaches include U-Net-style segmentation, transformers, self-supervised and foundation-model learning, multimodal vision-language systems, and methods that incorporate anatomical or physical constraints. Models are tested on tasks and benchmarks such as BraTS for brain tumors, ACDC for cardiac MRI, and EchoNet for echocardiography, with growing attention to external-site testing, calibration, and clinical workflow. A central challenge is that strong benchmark results may not transfer across scanners, hospitals, patient groups, or acquisition protocols, so reliable deployment requires better validation, uncertainty estimates, and safeguards against bias and privacy risks.

Latest papers

292 papers27 papers in the last four weeks, down 13% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

A New Angle on Bones: Robust Pose Estimation in X-Ray and Ultrasound
Jun 3, 2026Ron Keuth, Christoph Großbröhmer, Franziska Halm +5Medical Image Analysis Robust Estimation
Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany. · EchoScout GmbH, Maria-Goeppert-Str. 3, 23562 Lübeck, Germany · Institut of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein +1
Multi-Granularity 3D Kidney Lesion Characterization from CT Volumes
Jun 3, 2026Renjie Liang, Zhengkang Fan, Jinqian Pan +4Medical Image Analysis Detection Transformer
Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, 32611, FL, USA · Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA · Center of Biomedical Informatics, 1101 W 10th St, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA +1
Predicting the risk of colorectal anastomotic leak based on preoperative mapping of the blood supply of the bowel
Jun 1, 2026Zahra Tabatabaei, Jon Sporring, Mark Bremholm Ellebæk +1Medical Image Retrieval Medical Image Analysis
Computer Science Department, Københavns Universitet (KU), Copenhagen, Denmark. · Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. · Research Unit of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. +1
LegSegNet: A Public Deep Learning System for Lower Extremity CT Tissue Segmentation and Quantification
May 29, 2026Yuwen Chen, Yaqian Chen, Roy Colglazier +4Medical Image Analysis Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 · Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 · Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 +2
Fairness Beyond Demographics: Optimizing Performance Across Appearance-Based Hidden Cohorts in Medical Imaging
May 28, 2026Milad Masroor, Cuong Nguyen, Kevin Wells +1Medical Image Analysis Algorithmic Fairness
Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
An Approach for Thyroid Nodule Analysis Using Thermographic Images
May 28, 2026J. R. González, É. O. Rodrigues, C. P. Damião +6Thermal Imaging Medical Image Analysis
Computer Science Department, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Milton Tavares de Souzas, s/n—Boa Viagem, Niterói, RJ 24210-330, Brazil · Radiology Department, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Av. Marquês do Paraná, 303, Niterói, RJ, Brazil · Applied Computation Group NCA-UFMA, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, São Luís, 1966, MA, Brazil +2
Deep Learning Strain Estimation: Is Physics-Based Simulation the Solution?
May 27, 2026Thierry Judge, Nicolas Duchateau, Andreas Østvik +13Medical Image Analysis Echocardiography
Dept. of Computer Science, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada · INSA, Universit´e Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, CREATIS, Villeurbanne, France · Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) +7
Intra-YOLO: A Small Object Detection Model for Caries and Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in Intraoral Photography Based on Transfer Learning with Reinforcement Learning
May 27, 2026Po-Lun Chwang, Po-Yu Chang, Wen-Liang Lin +3Medical Image Analysis Small Object Detection
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan · Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan · Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
OphIn-500K: Curating Web-Scale Visual Instructions for Scaling Ophthalmic Multimodal Large Language Models
May 27, 2026Xuanzhao Dong, Wenhui Zhu, Xiwen Chen +13Medical Image Analysis Medical VQA
1Arizona State University · 2Clemson University · 3Washington University in St. Louis +5
Which Anatomy Matters Under Limited Labels? A Data-Efficient Anatomy-Aware Benchmark for Cardiac Pathology Prediction
May 25, 2026Himanshu SinghHealthcare Medical Image Analysis
Computing & Artificial Intelligence Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
MARVEL: Universal Murray's Law-informed Vessel Tree Segmentation and Topology Estimation
May 25, 2026Yi Zhou, Thiara Sana Ahmed, Jacqueline Chua +7Retinal Vessel Segmentation Medical Image Analysis
Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore · Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore · Centre for Innovation & Precision Eye Health, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore +12
Explainable Multi-Task Retinal Imaging Reveals Microvascular Signals for Systemic Risk Stratification in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
May 24, 2026Mini Han Wang, Liting Huang, Wei Hong +1Medical Image Analysis Medical Image Classification
Faculty of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, P.R.China · Frontier Science Computing Center, Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai, P.R.China · Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong China +2
Radiuma: A Unified Zero-Code Executable Graphical Workflow Generator for Reproducible and Shareable Medical Image Analysis and Machine Learning
May 22, 2026Mohammad Salmanpour, Mehrdad Oveisi, Isaac Shiri +1Medical Image Analysis Radiomics
Department of Basic and Translational Research, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada · Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada · Technological Virtual Collaboration (TECVICO Corp.), Vancouver, BC, Canada +4
VRXU-net: A Deep Learning Approach for Brain Ischemic Stroke Lesion Detection and Segmentation in T1W MRI
May 20, 2026Sayed Amir Mousavi MobarakehMedical Image Analysis U-Net
Automatic Discovery of Disease Subgroups by Contrasting with Healthy Controls
May 20, 2026Robin Louiset, Edouard Duchesnay, Benoit Dufumier +2Contrastive Learning Healthcare
1NeuroSpin, Universit´e Paris-Saclay, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France. · 2LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, T´el´ecom Paris, Palaiseau,2026 91120, France.
Deep Learning-Based Automated Quantification of TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Frame Count (DL-TMPFC) from Coronary Angiography: A Novel Framework for Rapid Assessment of Microvascular Dysfunction
May 20, 2026Si Li, Yuanqing He, Chenkai Hu +7Medical Imaging Coronary Angiography
School of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Industry, Guangzhou Institute of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China · Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. · Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. +1
HAPS: Rethinking Image Similarity for Virtual Staining
May 19, 2026Fedor Gubanov, Svetlana Illarionova, Vlad Kozlovskiy +6Computational Pathology Medical Image Analysis
1*Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia. · 2BIMAI-Lab, Biomedically Informed Artificial Intelligence Laboratory,2026 University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. · 3National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
WBCAtt+: Fine-Grained Pixel-Level Morphological Annotations for White Blood Cell Images
May 19, 2026Satoshi Tsutsui, Winnie Pang, Shuting He +1Medical Image Analysis Medical Image Segmentation
Rapid-Rich Object Search (ROSE) Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
Rad-VLSM: A Cross-Modal Framework with Semantics-Assisted Prompting for Medical Segmentation and Diagnosis
May 18, 2026Fengyi Zhang, Xujie Zeng, Mohan Liu +2Ultrasound Image Segmentation Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation
Task-Aligned Self-Supervised Learning for Medical Image Analysis: A Task-Oriented Review with Practical Design Guidelines
May 18, 2026Chathura Wimalasiri, Kishor Nandakishor, Marimuthu PalaniswamiContrastive Learning Self-Supervised Learning
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
Evidential Reasoning Advances Interpretable Real-World Disease Screening
May 14, 2026Chenyu Lian, Hong-Yu Zhou, Jing QinCase-Based Reasoning Medical Image Analysis
The Center for Smart Health, School of Nursing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China · Research Institute for Smart Ageing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China · School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
DermAgent: A Self-Reflective Agentic System for Dermatological Image Analysis with Multi-Tool Reasoning and Traceable Decision-Making
May 14, 2026Yize Liu, Siyuan Yan, Ming Hu +5Medical Image Analysis LLM Agent Orchestration
AIM for Health Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia · Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia · University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
Keyed Nonlinear Transform: Lightweight Privacy-Enhancing Feature Sharing for Medical Image Analysis
May 13, 2026Haebom Lee, Gyeongjung KimMedical Image Analysis Split Inference
OOLU Soft Co., Ltd.
Uncertainty-Aware Prediction of Lung Tumor Growth from Sparse Longitudinal CT Data via Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Networks
May 13, 2026Lingfei Kong, Haoran MaMedical Image Analysis Longitudinal Medical Image Analysis
Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA · John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA
A General Bézier Tree Encoding Counterfactual Framework for Retinal-Vessel-Mediated Disease Analysis
May 13, 2026Tan Su, Ethan Elio Meidinger, Lin Gu +1Medical Image Analysis Causal Counterfactual Generation
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology · School of Data Science,University of Virginia, Charlottesville · Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University +1
Anatomy-Slot: Unsupervised Anatomical Factorization for Homologous Bilateral Reasoning in Retinal Diagnosis
May 13, 2026Yingzhe Ma, Xiao Yang, Yuguo Yin +1Explainable Medical Image Analysis Medical Image Analysis
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Peking University
Prediction of Rectal Cancer Regrowth from Longitudinal Endoscopy
May 13, 2026Jorge Tapias Gomez, Despoina Kanata, Aneesh Rangnekar +8Endoscopy Medical Image Analysis
School of Computer Science, Cornell University and Cornell Tech, New York, NY · Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY · Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY +3
CRAFT: Clinical Reward-Aligned Finetuning for Medical Image Synthesis
May 12, 2026Yunsung Chung, Alex El Darzi, Carlo El Khoury +3Diffusion Model Alignment Healthcare
Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 · School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
Contrastive Learning under Noisy Temporal Self-Supervision for Colonoscopy Videos
May 12, 2026Luca Parolari, Pietro Gori, Lamberto Ballan +2Contrastive Learning Endoscopy
Department of Mathematics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy · LTCI, Telecom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France · Cosmo Intelligent Medical Devices, Dublin, Ireland
EchoTracker2: Enhancing Myocardial Point Tracking by Modeling Local Motion
May 12, 2026Md Abulkalam Azad, Vegard Holmstrøm, John Nyberg +4Point Tracking Medical Image Analysis
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway · Clinic of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway · SINTEF Digital, Trondheim, Norway

Jun 3, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

A New Angle on Bones: Robust Pose Estimation in X-Ray and Ultrasound

Ron Keuth, Christoph Großbröhmer, Franziska Halm, Miriam Johann+4

Medical Informatics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany. · EchoScout GmbH, Maria-Goeppert-Str. 3, 23562 Lübeck, Germany · Institut of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein+1

Medical Image Analysis Robust Estimation

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Measuring the angle between bone structures is a routine task in medical image analysis and provides a key quantitative parameter for diagnosis and treatment planning. Automated methods can reduce time and cost while improving reproducibility. In this work, we address automatic bone pose estimation using a learning-based point candidate proposal followed by a line model to extract axis parameters. Since conventional line models such as least squares are sensitive to outliers, we incorporate false-positive reduction strategies and robust fitting techniques, such as RANSAC and Hough transforms, to improve robustness. We evaluate our method on three clinically relevant paediatric angle estimation tasks: fracture fragment assessment in radiographs and ultrasound and developmental dysplasia of the hip evaluation in ultrasound using the Graf method. Our approach achieves mean errors of

4.1^\circ

5.4^\circ

, and

5.51^\circ

, respectively, not only remaining within the expected clinical observer variability, but also significantly outperforming landmark-based methods. Our code and annotations for fracture angle assessment in radiographs are publicly available on GitHub.