Medical Image Benchmarks

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20 papers in the last four weeks, up 25% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

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VEELA: A Clinically-Constrained Benchmark for Liver Vessel Segmentation in Computed Tomography Angiography
May 21, 2026Ziya Ata Yazıcı, N. Sinem Gezer, İlkay Öksüz +19Medical Image Segmentation Computed Tomography
Huawei Türkiye R&D Center, Istanbul, 34768, Türkiye · Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35100, Türkiye · Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Türkiye +8
JMed48k: A Multi-Profession Japanese Medical Licensing Benchmark for Vision-Language Model Evaluation
May 21, 2026Yue Xun, Junyu Liu, Qian Niu +10VLM Evaluation Healthcare
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Kyoto University · The University of Tokyo +3
NeuroQA: A Large-Scale Image-Grounded Benchmark for 3D Brain MRI Understanding
May 19, 2026Mohammad H. Abbasi, Favour Nerrise, Shaurnav Ghosh +12Healthcare 3D Medical Imaging
Stanford University · 1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
HalluCXR: Benchmarking and Mitigating Hallucinations in Medical Vision-Language Models for Chest Radiograph Interpretation
May 19, 2026Haoyu Wang, Zitong LiVision-Language Models Audio-Language Model Hallucination Detection
Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
Understanding Model Behavior in Monocular Polyp Sizing
May 19, 2026Xinqi Xiong, Andrea Dunn Beltran, Junmyeong Choi +3Endoscopy Medical Image Classification
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · University of California, San Diego
WBCAtt+: Fine-Grained Pixel-Level Morphological Annotations for White Blood Cell Images
May 19, 2026Satoshi Tsutsui, Winnie Pang, Shuting He +1Medical Image Analysis Medical Image Segmentation
Rapid-Rich Object Search (ROSE) Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
Regulating Anatomy-Aware Rewards via Trajectory-Integral Feedback for Volumetric Computed Tomography Analysis
May 19, 2026Tianwei Lin, Zhongwei Qiu, Jie Cao +7Radiology Report Generation Radiology VLMs
Zhejiang University · DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group · Hupan Lab +1
MedFM-Robust: Benchmarking Robustness of Medical Foundation Models
May 18, 2026Xiangxiang Cui, Tianjin Huang, Yifang Wang +2Multimodal Robustness Neural Network Robustness
Beijing Normal University, China · University of Exeter, United Kingdom · University College London, United Kingdom +2
Benchmarking transferability of SSL pretraining to same and different modality segmentation tasks
May 18, 2026Jue Jiang, Harini VeeraraghavanCross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Self-Supervised Pre-Training
Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
RadGenome-Anatomy: A Large-Scale Anatomy-Labeled Chest Radiograph Dataset via Physically Grounded Volumetric Projection
May 17, 2026Shuchang Ye, Mingyuan Meng, Hao Wang +2Medical Imaging Medical Image Segmentation
The University of Sydney · Zhongguancun Academy · Shanghai Jiao Tong University +1
UCSF-PDGM-VQA: Visual Question Answering dataset for brain tumor MRI interpretation
May 16, 2026Shiv Ghosh, Junayd Lateef, Chih-Hua Liu +3VLM Evaluation Medical VQA
Fung Institute for Engineering Leadership University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94709 · Department of Radiology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA 94158 · Department of Radiology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA 94143 +1
SCARED-C: Corrected Camera Poses for Endoscopic Depth Estimation
May 15, 2026John J. Han, Adam Schmidt, Max Allan +2Endoscopy Depth Estimation
Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA · Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Sunnyvale, CA, USA
TriALS: Triphasic-Aided Liver Lesion Segmentation Benchmark in Non-Contrast CT
May 15, 2026Marawan Elbatel, Mohamed Ghonim, Jiaji Mao +62Image Segmentation Medical Image Segmentation
MI-CXR: A Benchmark for Longitudinal Reasoning over Multi-Interval Chest X-rays
May 15, 2026Sunghwan Steve Cho, Yunseok Han, Jaeyoung DoVLM Evaluation Healthcare
AIDAS Laboratory, 1ECE & 2IPAI, Seoul National University
CT-DegradBench: A Physics-Informed Benchmark for CT Degradation Detection and Severity Estimation
May 14, 2026Yousra Nabila Taifour, Marouane Tliba, Zuheng Ming +9Image Quality Assessment Computed Tomography
1Université Sorbonne Paris Nord · University of Dubai · 3Northwestern University +3
Cross Modality Image Translation In Medical Imaging Using Generative Frameworks
May 13, 2026Giulia Romoli, Filippo Ruffini, Francesco Di Feola +20Image-to-Image Translation Medical Image Synthesis
Department of Diagnostics and Intervention, Radiation Physics, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Universitetstorget, 4, Umeå, 90187, Sweden · Unit of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Systems, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, Roma, 00128, Italy · Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Roma, 00168, Italy +12
Generating synthetic computed tomography for radiotherapy: SynthRAD2025 challenge report
May 13, 2026Viktor Rogowski, Maarten L. Terpstra, Niklas Wahl +30Cone-Beam CT Medical Image Synthesis
Radiation Physics, Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden · Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden · Radiotherapy Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands +20
CheXTemporal: A Dataset for Temporally-Grounded Reasoning in Chest Radiography
May 11, 2026Eva Prakash, Yunhe Gao, Chong Wang +10VLM Robustness Chest X-Ray Classification
Stanford University · University of Oxford · University of California, Berkeley +2
RadThinking: A Dataset for Longitudinal Clinical Reasoning in Radiology
May 11, 2026Wenxuan Li, Pedro R. A. S. Bassi, Xinze Zhou +3Healthcare Medical VQA
Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University · Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel · Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Med-StepBench: A Hierarchical Reasoning Framework for Evaluating Hallucinations in Medical Vision-Language Models
May 11, 2026Minh Khoi Nguyen, Dai Lam Le, Amir Reza Jafari +8Healthcare Hallucination Detection
1AI4LIFE, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam · 2SAMOVAR, Télécom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France · Military Central Hospital, Vietnam +1
DeepTumorVQA: A Hierarchical 3D CT Benchmark for Stage-Wise Evaluation of Medical VLMs and Tool-Augmented Agents
May 10, 2026Yixiong Chen, Wenjie Xiao, Pedro R. A. S. Bassi +7VLM Evaluation Tool Use in VLMs
Johns Hopkins University · University of Bologna · Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia +3
MedFL-Stress: A Systematic Robustness Evaluation of Federated Brain Tumor Segmentation under Cross-Hospital MRI Appearance Shift
May 9, 2026Kiran Naseer, Naveed Anwer ButtDistribution Shift Robustness BraTS
University of Gujrat, Pakistan
Lost in Volume: The CT-SpatialVQA Benchmark for Evaluating Semantic-Spatial Understanding of 3D Medical Vision-Language Models
May 9, 2026Mashrafi Monon, Umaima Rahman, Asif Hanif +2VLM Evaluation 3D Spatial Reasoning
Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE · New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
MedVIGIL: Evaluating Trustworthy Medical VLMs Under Broken Visual Evidence
May 8, 2026Hanqi Jiang, Junhao Chen, Mingyu Kang +12VLM Evaluation VLM Robustness
University of Georgia · Chungbuk National University · Chungnam National University Hospital +5
Benchmarking Foundation Models for Renal Lesion Stratification in CT
May 8, 2026Hartmut Häntze, Sarah de Boer, Myrthe Buser +7Medical Imaging Foundation Models Medical Image Classification
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Radiology, Berlin, Germany · Radboudumc, Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Nijmegen, The Netherlands · Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany +2
A Paired Point-of-Care Ultrasound Dataset for Image Quality Enhancement and Benchmarking via a cGAN Baseline
May 8, 2026Lennard M. van Karnenbeek, Hilde G. A. van der Pol, Mark Wijkhuizen +5Image-to-Image Translation Ultrasound Imaging
Department of Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands · Image-Guided Surgery, Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands · Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands +1
Beyond Forgetting in Continual Medical Image Segmentation: A Comprehensive Benchmark Study
May 7, 2026Bomin Wang, Hangqi Zhou, Yibo Gao +1Interactive Medical Image Segmentation Stability-Plasticity Dilemma
School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
CXR-ContraBench: Benchmarking Negated-Option Attraction in Medical VLMs
May 7, 2026Zhengru Fang, Yanan Ma, Yu Guo +5VLM Evaluation Chest X-Ray Classification
City University of Hong Kong · Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School
The autoPET3 Challenge: Automated Lesion Segmentation in Whole-Body PET/CT $\unicode{x2013}$ Multitracer Multicenter Generalization
May 7, 2026Jakob Dexl, Katharina Jeblick, Andreas Mittermeier +27Domain Generalization PET/CT Imaging
Department of Radiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany · Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany +13
iTRIALSPACE: Programmable Virtual Lesion Trials for Controlled Evaluation of Lung CT Models
May 7, 2026Fakrul Islam Tushar, Umme Hafsa Momy, Joseph Y. Lo +1VLM Evaluation Radiology VLMs
Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Arizona · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University · Center for Virtual Imaging Trials, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center

May 21, 2026, cs.CVJ/K move · Enter open · S save

VEELA: A Clinically-Constrained Benchmark for Liver Vessel Segmentation in Computed Tomography Angiography

Ziya Ata Yazıcı, N. Sinem Gezer, İlkay Öksüz, İlker Özgür Koska+18

Huawei Türkiye R&D Center, Istanbul, 34768, Türkiye · Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, 35100, Türkiye · Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469, Türkiye+8

Medical Image Segmentation Computed Tomography Medical Image Benchmarks

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Accurate segmentation of hepatic and portal vessels in contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA) remains challenging due to complex vascular topology, peripheral visibility limitations, and acquisition-induced ambiguities. While existing public datasets offer valuable benchmarks, few include clinically realistic annotation constraints. We introduce VEELA (Vessel Extraction and Extrication for Liver Analysis), a rigorously curated liver vessel dataset derived from 40 CTA scans inherited from the CHAOS grand-challenge cohort. All vessels were manually delineated slice-by-slice under multi-expert consensus, using a strict visibility-driven annotation policy and avoiding anatomically inferred interpolation. This design explicitly captures anatomical variability and imaging-related uncertainty. As a continuation of the CHAOS challenge, VEELA enables reproducible cross-benchmark evaluation while extending the scope to fine-grained hepatic and portal vessel segmentation. We further establish a standardized benchmarking framework and analyze complementary evaluation metrics, including topology-aware (clDice), overlap-based (IoU), boundary-sensitive (NSD), and geometry-aware (area, length) measures. Our results demonstrate that different metrics capture distinct aspects of vascular integrity, underscoring the necessity of multi-perspective evaluation for clinically meaningful vessel segmentation. VEELA is publicly released to facilitate reproducible research and support the development of robust vascular segmentation methods. Researchers can access the evaluation metrics, dataset, and submission platform at https://www.synapse.org/Synapse:syn65471967.

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