Medical Imaging

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Overview

Medical imaging research develops methods to extract useful information from X-rays, CT, MRI, ultrasound, PET, endoscopy, and other clinical images. Common approaches include segmentation and detection networks, self-supervised and foundation-model pretraining, multimodal vision-language systems, and physics-based methods for image reconstruction and registration. These tools aim to support tasks such as finding lesions, measuring anatomy, generating reports, and guiding procedures, often with limited labels or privacy constraints. A central challenge is ensuring that performance generalizes across hospitals, scanners, and patient groups while providing reliable evidence for clinical decisions.

Latest papers 240

22 papers in the last four weeks, down 21% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. Weighted Knowledge Distillation for Semi-Supervised Segmentation of Maxillary Sinus in Panoramic X-ray Images

    Apr 22, 2026Juha Park, Jiho Choi, Jong Pil Yun +4Medical ImagingMedical Image Segmentation

    Division of Electronics and Information Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, 54896, Jeonju, Republic of Korea · Manufacturing AI Research Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea · KITECH School, University of Science and Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea +2

  2. Attend what matters: Leveraging vision foundational models for breast cancer classification using mammograms

    Apr 21, 2026Samyak Sanghvi, Piyush Miglani, Sarvesh Shashikumar +3Medical ImagingVision Foundation Model Adaptation

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India · Yardi School of AI, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India · Department of Radiodiagnosis, PGIMER Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

  3. Deep Image Prior for photoacoustic tomography can mitigate limited-view artifacts

    Apr 21, 2026Hanna Pulkkinen, Jenni Poimala, Leonid Kunyansky +2Medical ImagingImage Reconstruction

    1Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Finland · Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland · Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, USA +2

  4. REVEAL: Multimodal Vision-Language Alignment of Retinal Morphometry and Clinical Risks for Incident AD and Dementia Prediction

    Apr 20, 2026Seowung Leem, Lin Gu, Chenyu You +2Alzheimer's DiseaseMedical Imaging

    J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, United2026 States · Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Japan · Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Stony Brook University, United StatesApr +1

  5. VIDS: A Verified Imaging Dataset Standard for Medical AI

    Apr 19, 2026Joan S. Muthu, John ShalenMedical ImagingTraining Data Curation

    Princeton Medical Systems

  6. DREAM: Dynamic Retinal Enhancement with Adaptive Multi-modal Fusion for Expert Precision Medical Report Generation

    Apr 19, 2026Nagur Shareef Shaik, Teja Krishna Cherukuri, Dong Hye YeMedical ImagingMedical Report Generation

    Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA

  7. CDSA-Net:Collaborative Decoupling of Vascular Structure and Background for High-Fidelity Coronary Digital Subtraction Angiography

    Apr 19, 2026Si Li, Chen-Kai Hu, Zhenhuan Lyu +1Medical ImagingCoronary Angiography

    School of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Industry, Guangzhou Institute of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China. · Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. · School of Artificial Intelligence, Guangzhou Institute of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China.

  8. Hybrid Multi-Dimensional MRI Prostate Cancer Detection via Hadamard Network-Based Bias Correction and Residual Networks

    Apr 18, 2026Emadeldeen Hamdan, Gorkem Durak, Muhammed Enes Tasci +7Medical ImagingMedical Image Classification

    Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Illinois Chicago, USA · Machine and Hybrid Intelligence Lab, Northwestern University, USA · Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, USA

  9. Training-inference input alignment outweighs framework choice in longitudinal retinal image prediction

    Apr 18, 2026Liyin Chen, Nazlee Zebardast, Mengyu Wang +2Medical ImagingImage-to-Image Translation

    Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA · Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA · Harvard Ophthalmology AI Lab, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA +1

  10. Dental Panoramic Radiograph Analysis Using YOLO26 From Tooth Detection to Disease Diagnosis

    Apr 17, 2026Khawaja Azfar Asif, Rafaqat Alam KhanMedical ImagingMedical Image Segmentation

    Department of Software Engineering, Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase 6, Lahore, Pakistan

  11. Diffusion Autoencoder for Unsupervised Artifact Restoration in Handheld Fundus Images

    Apr 17, 2026Mathumetha Palani, Kavya Puthumana, Ayantika Das +1Diffusion Models for Image RestorationMedical Imaging

    Nuvo AI, Chennai, India · Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India

  12. Self-Supervised Angular Deblurring in Photoacoustic Reconstruction via Noisier2Inverse

    Apr 17, 2026Markus Haltmeier, Nadja Gruber, Gyeongha HwangMedical ImagingImage Deblurring

    Department of Mathematics, University of Innsbruck Technikerstrasse 13, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria · Department of Computer Science, University of Innsbruck Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria · Department of Mathematics, Yeungnam University 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea

  13. CWCD: Category-Wise Contrastive Decoding for Structured Medical Report Generation

    Apr 12, 2026Shantam Srivastava, Mahesh Bhosale, David Doermann +1Radiology Report GenerationRadiology VLMs

    The Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, NY, USA

  14. Fundus-R1: Training a Fundus-Reading MLLM with Knowledge-Aware Reasoning on Public Data

    Apr 9, 2026Yuchuan Deng, Qijie Wei, Kaiheng Qian +6Medical VLMsMedical Imaging

    Renmin University of China China · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR, China · Zhejiang Gongshang University China

  15. Shift- and stretch-invariant non-negative matrix factorization with an application to brain tissue delineation in emission tomography data

    Apr 9, 2026Anders S. Olsen, Miriam L. Navarro, Claus Svarer +3Non-Negative Matrix FactorizationMedical Imaging

    Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark · Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark · Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark +1

  16. Bridging MRI and PET physiology: Untangling complementarity through orthogonal representations

    Apr 8, 2026Sonja Adomeit, Kartikay Tehlan, Lukas Förner +7Medical ImagingMultimodal Fusion

    Dept. of diagnostic and interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Germany · Digital Medicine, University Hospital Augsburg, Germany · Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Technical University of Munich, Germany +4

  17. VAMAE: Vessel-Aware Masked Autoencoders for OCT Angiography

    Apr 8, 2026Ilerioluwakiiye Abolade, Prince Mireku, Kelechi Chibundu +4Masked AutoencodersSelf-Supervised Pre-Training

    Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria · ML Collective · Ashesi University, Ghana +1

  18. Probing Intrinsic Medical Task Relationships: A Contrastive Learning Perspective

    Apr 7, 2026Jonas Muth, Zdravko Marinov, Simon ReißRepresentation LearningMedical Imaging

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

  19. MedROI: Codec-Agnostic Region of Interest-Centric Compression for Medical Images

    Apr 6, 2026Jiwon Kim, Ikbeom JangMedical Imaging

    Division of Computer Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Republic of Korea

  20. Curia-2: Scaling Self-Supervised Learning for Radiology Foundation Models

    Apr 2, 2026Antoine Saporta, Baptiste Callard, Corentin Dancette +5Medical Imaging Foundation ModelsMedical Imaging

    Raidium, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. · Department of Vascular and Oncological Interventional Radiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France · Faculté de Santé, Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.

  21. HICT: High-precision 3D CBCT reconstruction from a single X-ray

    Apr 1, 2026Wen Ma, Jiaxiang Liu, Zikai Xiao +3Medical ImagingSingle-View 3D Reconstruction

    Zhejiang University · Angelalign Technology Inc.

  22. MATHENA: Mamba-based Architectural Tooth Hierarchical Estimator and Holistic Evaluation Network for Anatomy

    Apr 1, 2026Kyeonghun Kim, Jaehyung Park, Youngung Han +17Medical ImagingMedical Image Segmentation

    OUTTA, Seoul, South Korea · Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea · Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea +4

  23. Project Imaging-X: A Survey of 1000+ Open-Access Medical Imaging Datasets for Foundation Model Development

    Mar 29, 2026Zhongying Deng, Cheng Tang, Ziyan Huang +124Medical ImagingMedical Imaging Foundation Models

  24. Seeing Through Smoke: Surgical Desmoking for Improved Visual Perception

    Mar 26, 2026Jingpei Lu, Fengyi Jiang, Xiaorui Zhang +2Medical ImagingPhysics-Guided Image Restoration

    Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA

  25. PhyDCM: A Reproducible Open-Source Framework for AI-Assisted Brain Tumor Classification from Multi-Sequence MRI

    Mar 25, 2026Hayder Saad Abdulbaqi, Mohammed Hadi Rahim, Mohammed Hassan Hadi +2Brain Tumor ClassificationMedical Image Classification

    Department of medical physics, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Address : Diwaniyah, Iraq

  26. A convergent Plug-and-Play Majorization-Minimization algorithm for Poisson inverse problems

    Mar 25, 2026Thibaut Modrzyk, Ane Etxebeste, Élie Bretin +1Inverse ProblemsMedical Imaging

    CREATIS · INSA-Lyon, CREATIS UMR 5220 U1294, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France · ICJ, MMCS +1

  27. OmniFM: Toward Modality-Robust and Task-Agnostic Federated Learning for Heterogeneous Medical Imaging

    Mar 23, 2026Meilin Liu, Jiaying Wang, Jing ShanFederated LearningHeterogeneous Federated Learning

    School of Software, Shenyang University of Technology

  28. TrustFed: Enabling Trustworthy Medical AI under Data Privacy Constraints

    Mar 23, 2026Vagish Kumar, Syed Bahauddin Alam, Souvik ChakrabortyFederated LearningUncertainty Quantification

    Department of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology Delhi · Grainger College of Engineering Nuclear, Plasma & Radiological Engineering Department National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Urbana, IL, USA · Department of Applied Mechanics Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence (ScAI) Grainger College of Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

  29. A Unified Platform and Quality Assurance Framework for 3D Ultrasound Reconstruction with Robotic, Optical, and Electromagnetic Tracking

    Mar 20, 2026Lewis Howell, Manisha Waterston, Tze Min Wah +23D ReconstructionMedical Imaging

    School of Computer Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT · School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT · St James’s University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS9 7TF +1

  30. TSegAgent: Zero-Shot Tooth Segmentation via Geometry-Aware Vision-Language Agents

    Mar 20, 2026Shaojie Zhuang, Lu Yin, Guangshun Wei +3Medical ImagingMedical Image Segmentation

    Shandong University, Jinan 250010, China · University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom · King’s College London, London, United Kingdom