State Space Models

Also known as SSM

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Overview

State space models describe how hidden states evolve over time and generate observations, supporting both probabilistic system identification and neural sequence learning. Approaches range from Kalman filtering, smoothing, and particle or variational inference to structured S4/HiPPO models, selective Mamba scans, and hybrids that combine recurrence with attention. They are applied to long-context language and video, time-series forecasting, and signals such as EEG, with evaluation spanning retrieval and sequence benchmarks as well as real-world prediction tasks. Their recurrent structure can offer linear-time processing and bounded memory, but efficient computation does not guarantee reliable long-range retrieval or state tracking, and practical speed, robustness, and accuracy remain important trade-offs.

Latest papers

CardsList

299 papers30 papers in the last four weeks, down 12% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Interpreting and Steering State-Space Models via Activation Subspace Bottlenecks

    Feb 26, 2026Vamshi Sunku Mohan, Kaustubh Gupta, Aneesha Das +1State Space Language ModelsState Space Models

    AppViewX, Bangalore · Independent Researcher · Microsoft Research, Redmond

  2. HyperKKL: Enabling Non-Autonomous State Estimation through Dynamic Weight Conditioning

    Feb 26, 2026Yahia Salaheldin Shaaban, Salem Lahlou, Abdelrahman Sayed SayedState Space Models

    MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, UAE · Univ Gustave Eiffel, COSYS-ESTAS, F-59657 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France

  3. WaveSSM: Multiscale State-Space Models for Non-stationary Signal Attention

    Feb 25, 2026Ruben Solozabal, Velibor Bojkovic, Hilal Alquabeh +3State Space ModelsMultiscale Time-Series Modeling

    MBZUAI · RIKEN AIP

  4. Benchmarking State Space Models, Transformers, and Recurrent Networks for US Grid Forecasting

    Feb 24, 2026Sunki Hong, Jisoo LeeForecasting BenchmarksElectricity Load Forecasting

    Gramm AI

  5. HiPPO Zoo: Explicit Memory Mechanisms for Interpretable State Space Models

    Feb 24, 2026Jack Goffinet, Casey Hanks, David E. CarlsonSequence ModelingState Space Models

    Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham NC, USA · Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics; and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA

  6. CrossLLM-Mamba: Multimodal State Space Fusion of LLMs for RNA Interaction Prediction

    Feb 23, 2026Rabeya Tus Sadia, Qiang Ye, Qiang ChengCross-Modal Representation LearningState Space Models

    Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA · Department of Mathematics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA · Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

  7. M3S-Net: Multimodal Feature Fusion Network Based on Multi-scale Data for Ultra-short-term PV Power Forecasting

    Feb 23, 2026Penghui Niu, Taotao Cai, Suqi Zhang +4Solar Power ForecastingMultimodal Fusion

    School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China · University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 487-535, Australia · School of Information Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China +3

  8. Fore-Mamba3D: Mamba-based Foreground-Enhanced Encoding for 3D Object Detection

    Feb 23, 2026Zhiwei Ning, Xuanang Gao, Jiaxi Cao +53D Object DetectionMamba

    School of Automation and Intelligent Sensing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Normal University +2

  9. DECAF: Dynamic Envelope Context-Aware Fusion for Speech-Envelope Reconstruction from EEG

    Feb 23, 2026Karan Thakkar, Mounya ElhilaliEEG DecodingSpeech Processing

    Laboratory for Computational Audio Perception, Johns Hopkins University, USA

  10. COMBA: Cross Batch Aggregation for Learning Large Graphs with Context Gating State Space Models

    Feb 19, 2026Jiajun Shen, Yufei Jin, Yi He +1Graph Representation LearningGraph Neural Networks

    Florida Atlantic University · William & Mary

  11. 2Mamba2Furious: Linear in Complexity, Competitive in Accuracy

    Feb 19, 2026Gabriel Mongaras, Eric C. LarsonLinear AttentionMemory-Efficient Attention

    Lyle School of Engineering Southern Methodist University Dallas, TX 75205

  12. HealthMamba: An Uncertainty-aware Spatiotemporal Graph State Space Model for Effective and Reliable Healthcare Facility Visit Prediction

    Feb 5, 2026Dahai Yu, Lin Jiang, Rongchao Xu +1Spatiotemporal ForecastingState Space Models

    Department of Computer Science, Florida State University

  13. Learning-to-Defer in Non-Stationary Time Series via Switching State-Space Models

    Jan 30, 2026Yannis Montreuil, Letian Yu, Axel Carlier +2Cost-Sensitive LearningAdaptive Model Routing

    School of Computing National University of Singapore · Université de Toulouse Fédération ENAC ISAE-SUPAERO ONERA · Institute for Infocomm Research A*STAR, Singapore

  14. Parallelizable memory recurrent units

    Jan 14, 2026Florent De Geeter, Gaspard Lambrechts, Damien Ernst +1Recurrent Neural NetworksState Space Models

    Montefiore Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium

  15. Modeling Information Blackouts in Missing Not-At-Random Time Series Data

    Jan 4, 2026Aman Sunesh, Allan Ma, Siddarth NilolTime Series ImputationIncomplete Data Imputation

    New York University

  16. Lag Operator SSMs: A Geometric Framework for Structured State Space Modeling

    Dec 22, 2025Sutashu Tomonaga, Kenji Doya, Noboru MurataSequence ModelingState Space Models

    Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology · Waseda University

  17. Recursive Entropic Variational Inference for Nonlinear State-Space Models

    Nov 19, 2025Hany Abdulsamad, Ángel F. García-Fernández, Simo SärkkäBayesian FilteringVariational Inference

    Amsterdam Machine Learning Lab University of Amsterdam, Netherlands · Information Processing and Telecommunications Center Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain · ELLIS Institute Finland Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Aalto University, Finland

  18. Naga: Vedic Encoding for Deep State Space Models

    Nov 17, 2025Melanie Schaller, Nick Janssen, Bodo RosenhahnSequence ModelingState Space Models

  19. PyDPF: A Python Package for Differentiable Particle Filtering

    Oct 29, 2025John-Joseph Brady, Benjamin Cox, Yunpeng Li +1Particle FilteringBayesian Filtering

    King’s College London · Max-Planck Institut für Physik · University of Edinburgh

  20. Beyond Semantics: How Temporal Biases Shape Retrieval in Transformer and State-Space Models

    Oct 26, 2025Anooshka Bajaj, Deven Mahesh Mistry, Sahaj Singh Maini +2In-Context LearningInduction Heads

    Department of Computer Science Indiana University Bloomington

  21. Data Efficient Any Transformer-to-Mamba Distillation via Attention Bridge

    Oct 22, 2025Penghao Wang, Yuhao Zhou, Mengxuan Wu +3Cross-Architecture Knowledge DistillationKnowledge Distillation

    National University of Singapore · The University of Texas at Austin

  22. Cortical-SSM: A Deep State Space Model for Motor Imagery Decoding from EEG Signals

    Oct 17, 2025Shuntaro Suzuki, Shunya Nagashima, Komei SugiuraMI ClassificationBrain-Computer Interfaces

    Keio University

  23. Contextual Representation Flow Across Depth in State-Space and Transformer Architectures

    Oct 8, 2025Nhat M. Hoang, Do Xuan Long, Cong-Duy Nguyen +3State Space ModelsState Space Language Models

    Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · National University of Singapore

  24. Aligning Inductive Bias for Data-Efficient Generalization in State Space Models

    Sep 25, 2025Qiyu Chen, Guozhang ChenSequence ModelingData-Efficient Learning

    School of Computer Science, National Key Laboratory for Multimedia Information Processing, Peking University, China · School of Physics, Peking University, China

  25. EEGDM: Label-Efficient EEG Representation Learning with Generative Diffusion Model

    Aug 13, 2025Jia Hong Puah, Sim Kuan Goh, Ziwei Zhang +6ElectroencephalographyEEG Seizure Detection

    School of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xiamen University Malaysia · School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Malaya +3

  26. State Space Models Naturally Produce Time Cell and Oscillatory Behaviors and Scale to Abstract Cognitive Functions

    Jul 18, 2025Sen Lu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Mingtao Hu +3State Space ModelsComputational Cognitive Modeling

    Electrical Engineering and Computing Science, University of Michigan

  27. Keyframe-Centric State-Space Modeling for Burst Image Super-Resolution

    Mar 25, 2025Ozan Unal, Steven Marty, Dengxin DaiImage Super-ResolutionState Space Models

    Computer Vision Lab, Huawei Research Center Zurich, Switzerland

  28. Mamba-FSCIL: Dynamic Adaptation with Selective State Space Model for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning

    Jul 8, 2024Xiaojie Li, Yibo Yang, Jianlong Wu +4Class-Incremental LearningIncremental Learning

    School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China · Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China · King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia +1

  29. SSM Meets Video Diffusion Models: Efficient Long-Term Video Generation with Structured State Spaces

    Mar 12, 2024Yuta Oshima, Shohei Taniguchi, Masahiro Suzuki +1Video Diffusion ModelsLong-Horizon Video Generation

    The University of Tokyo