Behavioral Foundation Models

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6 papers in the last four weeks, up 20% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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Behavioral Foundation Models for Quality Diversity
Sep 28, 2026Nazim Bendib, Nicolas Perrin-Gilbert, Olivier SigaudBehavioral Foundation Models
Sorbonne Université, ISIR Paris, France
BEHAVE: Functional Behavior Modeling Enables Self-Improving Agents for Hardware Design and Verification
Sep 28, 2026Yuheng Wu, Berk Gokmen, Sujeeth Jinesh +5Self-Improving Agents Behavioral Foundation Models
Stanford University · Workato, Inc.
Scalable Attribution and Control of Model Behavior During Training
Sep 27, 2026Sleem AbdelghafarBehavioral Foundation Models Multi-Stage Training
Rice University
Learning Collective Dynamics with Differentiable Gaussian Representations
Sep 23, 2026Jianxiang Ma, Mingfu Zhang, Xiaocui Yang +3Learning Dynamics Collective Behaviors
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China · OranAI, Shenzhen 518057, China · OranAI Ltd., City of Industry, CA 91748, USA
Behavior2Value: Benchmarking and Empowering LLMs for Consumer Value Measurement from E-commerce Behaviors
Sep 16, 2026Peixuan Hou, Bin Chen, Li He +4Consumption Value
State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University · Alibaba Group
Sparks of In Silico Cognitive Science: Theories from Simulated Data Can Generalize to Humans
Sep 7, 2026Akshay K. Jagadish, Younes Strittmatter, Nori Jacoby +4Cognitive Science Behavioral Foundation Models
Princeton University · Cornell University · Helmholtz Munich
Beliefs and Behavior in Language Models
Sep 7, 2026Alex Smolin, Bryan WilderLLM Reasoning Strategies Behavioral Foundation Models
Department of Economics Toulouse School of Economics · Machine Learning Department Carnegie Mellon University
Measuring the Behavioral Fidelity of Long-Horizon Human Activity Simulations
Sep 1, 2026Yi Fei Cheng, Fan Yang, Iremsu Bas +3User Simulation Behavioral Foundation Models
Human-Computer Interaction Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA · Fujitsu Ltd., Kawasaki, Japan · Fujitsu Research of America, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
R $^2$ A: Learning Persona Policies Through Persona Representation Learning and Runtime Alignment
Aug 30, 2026Mohan Zhang, Chengsong You, Xiaoyu Cao +4Behavioral Foundation Models Artificial Intelligence Alignment
College of AI, Tsinghua University · 2Independent Researcher
Modeling Human Behavior with Type Vectors Using AI
Aug 18, 2026Matthew O. Jackson, Benjamin S. Manning, Yutong Xie +2Behavioral Foundation Models Agent Behavior Modeling
Stanford University, Santa Fe Institute, Monash University · Moblab · MIT, MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy +2
Beyond the Black Box: Interpretable Models of Human Randomisation Failures
Aug 7, 2026Ngoc Linh DaoBehavioral Foundation Models Black Box
Alpen-Adria-University of Klagenfurt, Austria
Can AI Agents Simulate A/B Test Outcomes? A Validation Framework for Agentic Experimentation
Aug 3, 2026Stefan Hut, Lorenzo MasoeroControlled Study Behavioral Foundation Models
Amazon
Rewriting or Reweighting? A Geometric Account in Language Models
Aug 3, 2026Juntong Wang, Shengkun Yang, Xiyuan Wang +1Behavioral Foundation Models Model Activations
Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China · School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China · School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
A Persona-based Rate Action Index
Jul 29, 2026Hayden Helm, Andrew DassoriConsumption Data-Driven Forecasting
Helivan · Wavelength Capital
Learning Dynamic User Personas from Implicit Interaction Streams via Iterative Refinement
Jul 29, 2026Haifeng WuArtificial Intelligence Personas Preference Learning
PayPal
Reason-Mediated Behavioral Models for Auditing LLM Social Simulators
Jul 27, 2026Atharva Pandey, Gautam JajooUser Simulation Social Reasoning
Kairosity
Scaling Behavior Foundation Model for Humanoid Robots
Jul 16, 2026Weishuai Zeng, Kangning Yin, Xiaojie Niu +15Full-Body Humanoid Control Behavioral Foundation Models
The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Galbot · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory +4
Reproducing human biases in route choice using large language models: Toward scalable behavioral modeling
Jul 13, 2026Jiangtao Han, Shoufeng Ma, Shuxian Xu +4Behavioral Foundation Models Large Language Model Decisions
College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, China · Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China
Behavior Foundations for Quadruped Robots: ABot-C0 Technical Report
Jul 8, 2026Xufeng Zhao, Fuzhi Yang, Jianhui Chen +17Legged Robots Full-Body Humanoid Control
Amapbot Team, Amap, Alibaba Group
Large Behavior Model: A Promptable Digital Twin of the Retail Customer
Jul 8, 2026Wachiravit Modecrua, Krittin Pachtrachai, Touchapon KraisingkornBehavioral Foundation Models Large Language Model Reinforcement Learning
Amity Research and Application Center (ARAC), Amity AI Holdings Co., Ltd.
PraMem: Practice-derived Experiential Memory for Long-horizon Behavior Prediction
Jul 3, 2026Zhuoqun Li, Boxi Cao, Jiawei Chen +11Long-Horizon Forecasting Long-Term Memory
Chinese Information Processing Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Fudan University +1
The Model Organism Lottery: Model Organism Interpretability Strongly Depends on Training Methodology
Jul 1, 2026Andrzej Szablewski, Gabriel Konar-Steenberg, Raffaello Fornasiere +2Interpretability Mechanistic Interpretability
1LASR Labs
Uncovering Salience-Driven Dynamics in Consumer Confidence with Generative Social Simulation
Jun 29, 2026Yixu Huang, Yunlu Yin, Jiayu Lin +6Scaling Improve Social Simulation Consumption
Fudan University. · Shanghai Innovation Institute. · The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Exploration and Online Transfer with Behavioral Foundation Models
Jun 29, 2026Louis Bagot, Mathieu Lefort, Laëtitia MatignonModel-Based Reinforcement Learning Behavioral Foundation Models
SyCoSMA · Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon LIRIS - UMR5205, 69622 Villeurbanne, France · LIRIS, SyCoSMA, IRISA, MALT, UR +1
Symbolic Mechanistic Data Attribution: Tracing Training Influence to Learned Behavioral Policies
Jun 28, 2026Reza Habibi, Darian Lee, Magy Seif El-NasrMechanistic Interpretability Behavioral Foundation Models
University of California, Santa Cruz
BFMTrack: Latent Sequence Optimization for Physics-Based Motion Tracking with Behavioral Foundation Models
Jun 23, 2026Thomas Rupf, Agon Serifi, David Müller +4Latent Motion Behavioral Foundation Models
Disney Research, Zurich, Switzerland
BehaviorBench: Benchmarking Foundation Models for Behavioral Science Tasks
Jun 23, 2026Jin Huang, Yutong Xie, Wanli Song +4Behavioral Foundation Models Wireless Foundation Models
University of Michigan · 2MobLab · 3Stanford University +1
Measuring Behavior Portability in Large Language Models
Jun 22, 2026Tianjia Dong, Nadav Kunievsky, James A. EvansBehavioral Foundation Models Agent Behavior Modeling
Knowledge Lab University of Chicago
LLM Consumer Behavior Theory: Foundations of a Novel Research Field
Jun 16, 2026Manon Reusens, Sofie Goethals, David MartensConsumption Large Language Model Decisions
Department of Engineering Management, University of Antwerp
Using Cognitive Models to Improve Language Model Simulation of Human Persuasion Games
Jun 16, 2026Zirui Cheng, Zeyu Shen, Thomas L. Griffiths +1Persuasion Large Language Model Decisions
1Princeton University
Posterior Twins: Distributional Behavioral Simulation for Enterprise Decisions
Jun 15, 2026Ankit DasTwins Behavioral Foundation Models
Twinning Labs · Twinning Labs, Inc.
OdysSim: Building Foundation Models for Human Behavior Simulation
Jun 12, 2026Xuhui Zhou, Weiwei Sun, Weihua Du +6User Simulation Behavioral Foundation Models
Carnegie Mellon University, Language Technologies Institute
ATLAS: Active Theory Learning for Automated Science
Jun 10, 2026Noémi Éltető, Nathaniel D. Daw, Kimberly L. Stachenfeld +1Behavioral Foundation Models Active Learning
Google DeepMind London, UK · Princeton University; Google DeepMind Princeton, NJ, USA · Google DeepMind; Colombia University New York, NY, USA +1
Building Social World Models with Large Language Models
Jun 9, 2026Haofei Yu, Yining Zhao, Guanyu Lin +1Large Language Model Forecasting Behavioral Foundation Models
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · Carnegie Mellon University
Modeling Complex Behaviors: Multi-Personality Composition and Dynamic Switching in Vision-Language Models
Jun 9, 2026Peiqi Jia, Haonan Jia, Ziqi Miao +3Personality Multimodal Large Language Models
Xi’an Jiaotong University · Beihang University
Superficial Beliefs in LLM Decision-Making
Jun 9, 2026Gabriel Freedman, Francesca ToniLarge Language Model Decisions LLM Reasoning Strategies
Department of Computing Imperial College London
Learning Explicit Behavioral Models with Adaptive Questions and World-Model Probes
Jun 5, 2026Hikaru Shindo, Yu Deng, Teng Cao +5Behavioral Foundation Models World Models
1Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Lab, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany · Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany · 2Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence (hessian.AI), Germany +3
Scaling Laws for Behavioral Foundation Models over User Event Sequences
Jun 3, 2026Rickard Brüel GabrielssonBehavioral Foundation Models Model Size
Unbox AI
The Epi-LLM Framework: probing LLM behavioral priors through epidemiological agent-based models
Jun 1, 2026Petra Ferencz, Ava Keeling, Tobias O'Keefe +4Epidemiological Models Agent-Based Model
Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Center for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom · Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom · Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom +3
BehaviorBench: Modeling Real-World User Decisions from Behavioral Traces
Jun 1, 2026Liangwei Yang, Jielin Qiu, Zixiang Chen +9User Modeling Behavioral Foundation Models
Salesforce AI Research
Beyond Isolated Behaviors: Hierarchical User Modeling for LLM Personalization
Jun 1, 2026Liang Wang, Xinyi Mou, Xiaoyou Liu +3Large Language Model Personalization User Modeling
School of Data Science, Fudan University · 3OPPO · 2Shanghai Innovation Institute
Early Prediction of Future Behavioral Strategy from Process Traces
May 28, 2026Robert Kasumba, Dennis Barbour, Chien-Ju HoBehavioral Foundation Models Next-State Prediction
Division of Computational and Data Sciences Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 · Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 · Department of Computer Science Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130
Plan, Don't Pose: Long Composite Motion Generation with Text-Aligned BFM
May 28, 2026Nikolay Shvetsov, Maksim Bobrin, Nazar Buzun +2Text-To-Motion Generation Human Motion Generation
AvaCapo, Potsdam, Germany · Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany · Applied AI Institute, Computational Imaging Lab, Moscow, Russia +2
Representation Without Control: Testing the Realization Effect in Language Models
May 24, 2026Ciarán Walsh, Emilio BarkettBehavioral Foundation Models Possibilities
Columbia University
TimeSRL: Generalizable Time-Series Behavioral Modeling via Semantic RL-Tuned LLMs -- A Case Study in Mental Health
May 20, 2026Yuang Fan, Lilin Xu, Millie Wu +8Mental Health Behavioral Foundation Models
Columbia University, USA · University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA · Yale University, USA +3
Beyond Rational Illusion: Behaviorally Realistic Strategic Classification
May 19, 2026Xinpeng Lv, Yunxin Mao, Renzhe Xu +11Strategic Reasoning Behavioral Foundation Models
College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China · Institute for Theoretical Computer Science, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China · State Key Lab of General AI, School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China +3
Behavior-Aware Auxiliary Corrections for Off-Policy Temporal-Difference Prediction
May 17, 2026Xingguo Chen, Zhiang He, Yuchen Shen +4Temporal Difference Off-Policy Learning
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China · Department of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China · College of Electronic Countermeasure, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China
When Dynamics Shift, Robust Task Inference Wins: Offline Imitation Learning with Behavior Foundation Models Revisited
May 16, 2026Rishabh Agrawal, Rahul Jain, Ashutosh NayyarImitation Learning Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
University of Southern California
BEHAVE: Real-Time Modeling of Human Systems as Observable Complex Dynamical Systems and Operational Objects for Physical AI
May 12, 2026Helene MalyutinaCollective Behaviors Behavioral Foundation Models
Independent Researcher, Collective Dynamics Lab
Reason to Play: Behavioral and Brain Alignment Between Frontier LRMs and Human Game Learners
May 8, 2026Botos Csaba, Sreejan Kumar, Austin Tudor David Andrews +6Behavioral Foundation Models Artificial Intelligence Alignment
University of Oxford · Columbia University · New York University +2
Interpretable experiential learning based on state history and global feedback
May 1, 2026Anton KoloninTransition Learning Behavioral Foundation Models
1The Artificial Intelligence Research Center, Novosibirsk State University, Russia · 2Aigents, Russia.
Hierarchical Multi-Persona Induction from User Behavioral Logs: Learning Evidence-Grounded and Truthful Personas
Apr 28, 2026Nayoung Choi, Haeyu Jeong, Changbong Kim +2Persona Consistency User Modeling
Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA · Naver Corporation, South Korea
Modeling Behavioral Intensity and Transitions for Generative Recommendation
Apr 27, 2026Wenxuan Yang, Xiaoyang Xu, Hanyu Zhang +3Multimodal Recommendation Model Behavioral Foundation Models
Ant Group · Fudan University
LLMs Reading the Rhythms of Daily Life: Aligned Understanding for Behavior Prediction and Generation
Apr 26, 2026Fanjin Meng, Jingtao Ding, Nian Li +2Behavioral Foundation Models Large Language Model Alignment
Department of Electronic Engineering, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
MTT-Bench: Predicting Social Dominance in Mice via Multimodal Large Language Models
Apr 24, 2026Yunquan Chen, Haoyu ChenBehavioral Foundation Models Species
Department of Communication Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden · CMVS, University of Oulu, Finland
HORIZON: A Benchmark for In-the-wild User Behaviour Modeling
Apr 19, 2026Arnav Goel, Pranjal A Chitale, Bhawna Paliwal +2User Modeling Multimodal Recommendation Model
Carnegie Mellon University · Microsoft Research India · University of California, Berkeley
Meituan Merchant Business Diagnosis via Policy-Guided Dual-Process User Simulation
Apr 16, 2026Ziyang Chen, Renbing Chen, Daowei Li +4User Simulation Simulation-Based Reinforcement Learning
LongCat Interaction Team, Meituan Inc. Beijing, China · Independent Researcher Changsha, China
Large language models replicate and predict human cooperation across experiments in game theory
Nov 6, 2025Andrea Cera Palatsi, Samuel Martin-Gutierrez, Ana S. Cardenal +1Large Language Model Decisions Behavioral Foundation Models
Department for Computational Social Sciences and Humanities, Barcelona Supercomputing Center · Grupo de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad Polit´ecnica de Madrid · School of Law and Political Science, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya +1

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Behavioral Foundation Models for Quality Diversity

Nazim Bendib, Nicolas Perrin-Gilbert, Olivier Sigaud

Sorbonne Université, ISIR Paris, France

Behavioral Foundation Models

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Behavioral Foundation Models (BFMs) are an emerging paradigm in reinforcement learning, playing a role analogous to large language models in natural language processing: they have shown remarkable versatility, enabling zero-shot performance, fast imitation, and online adaptation, all by exploiting the structure of a latent space. In this work, we investigate whether the latent behavioral space induced by BFMs can serve as an effective search space to discover large repertoires of behaviorally diverse and high-performing policies through Quality-Diversity (QD) methods. While QD methods generally search directly in high-dimensional policy parameter space, in this paper, we present BFM-QD, a framework that performs QD search in the compact latent space of a BFM. We further show that the BFM-QD framework provides a closed-form, gradient-free policy improvement operator that approximates a policy gradient update, but requires no critic training and no backpropagation. Across continuous-control benchmarks spanning dense locomotion, sparse navigation, and contact-rich manipulation, BFM-QD consistently outperforms parameter-space baselines, with particularly stark gains in sparse and deceptive settings, where all tested parameter-space QD methods collapse to near-zero performance. These results show the effectiveness of the BFM-QD framework, benefiting from the synergy between dimensionality reduction of the search space and offline pretraining from diverse behavioral data. This positions BFMs as a general-purpose backbone for QD optimization, extending their utility beyond zero-shot task solving to the discovery of diverse behavioral repertoires.

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