Clinical NLP

NLP: Natural Language Processing

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9 papers in the last four weeks, up 50% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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Automated ICD Classification of Psychiatric Diagnoses: From Classical NLP to Large Language Models
May 20, 2026Fernando Ortega, Raúl Lara-Cabrera, Jorge Dueñas-Lerín +3LLM Fine-Tuning Clinical Information Extraction
Department of Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain · KNODIS Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain · CIBERSAM ISCIII, Spain +8
Systematic Evaluation of the Quality of Synthetic Clinical Notes Rephrased by LLMs at Million-Note Scale
May 18, 2026Jinghui Liu, Sarvesh Soni, Anthony NguyenSynthetic Data Augmentation Automated Medical Coding
Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Australia · National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, USA
Mitigating Data Scarcity in Psychological Defense Classification with Context-Aware Synthetic Augmentation
May 14, 2026Hoang-Thuy-Duong Vu, Quoc-Cuong Pham, Huy-Hieu PhamSynthetic Data Augmentation Text Classification
College of Engineering and Computer Science, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam · VinUni-Illinois Smart Health Center, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam · Center for Innovations in Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam
IndicMedDialog: A Parallel Multi-Turn Medical Dialogue Dataset for Accessible Healthcare in Indic Languages
May 13, 2026Shubham Kumar Nigam, Suparnojit Sarkar, Piyush PatelMultilingual Language Models Healthcare
University of Birmingham, Dubai, United Arab Emirates · Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India · Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, India
An Agentic LLM-Based Framework for Population-Scale Mental Health Screening
May 13, 2026Giuliano Lorenzoni, Paulo Alencar, Donald CowanLLM Agent Orchestration Clinical NLP
University of Waterloo · Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Speech-based Psychological Crisis Assessment using LLMs
May 11, 2026Terumi Chiba, Yang Luo, Ziyun Cui +2Mental Health Speech Language Models
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China · WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention
The Association of Transformer-based Sentiment Analysis with Symptom Distress and Deterioration in Routine Psychotherapy Care
May 11, 2026Douglas K. Faust, Peter Awad, Alexandre Vaz +1Sentiment Analysis Clinical Outcome Prediction
Sentio University, Torrance, CA, USA · Western Washington University, Department of Mathematics, Bellingham, WA, USA
Nürnberg NLP at PsyDefDetect: Multi-Axis Voter Ensembles for Psychological Defence Mechanism Classification
May 8, 2026Philipp Steigerwald, Eric Rudolph, Jens AlbrechtLanguage Model Ensembles Clinical NLP
Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm
Measuring Psychological States Through Semantic Projection: A Theory-Driven Approach to Language-Based Assessment
May 6, 2026Maria Luongo, Davide Marocco, Nicola MilanoPsychometric Validation Clinical NLP
University of Naples Federico II Department of Humanistic Studies Natural and Artificial Cognition Laboratory “Orazio Miglino” via Porta di Massa 1, Naples, 80125, Italy
SHIELD: A Diverse Clinical Note Dataset and Distilled Small Language Models for Enterprise-Scale De-identification
May 5, 2026Jose D. Posada, David Love, Somalee Datta +1Healthcare Clinical Information Extraction
Technology & Digital Solutions Stanford Medicine · Stanford Medicine
ADAPTS: Agentic Decomposition for Automated Protocol-agnostic Tracking of Symptoms
May 4, 2026Alexandria K. Vail, Marcelo Cicconet, Katie Aafjes-van Doorn +2Depression Detection Mental Health
Deliberate Solutions, Inc. New York, New York, USA
Artificial intelligence language technologies in multilingual healthcare: Grand challenges ahead
May 2, 2026Vicent Briva-IglesiasMultilingual Language Model Evaluation Language Model Safety Evaluation
School of Applied Languages and Intercultural Studies (SALIS) · CTTS, ADAPT Centre · Dublin City University
Teaching LLMs Brazilian Healthcare: Injecting Knowledge from Official Clinical Guidelines
May 1, 2026Hugo Abonizio, Filipe Rocha Lopes, Roberto Lotufo +1Knowledge Augmentation for Language Models Healthcare
FEEC, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil · NoHarm.ai, Brazil · Maritaca AI, Brazil
RadLite: Multi-Task LoRA Fine-Tuning of Small Language Models for CPU-Deployable Radiology AI
May 1, 2026Pankaj Gupta, Kartik BoseLLM Fine-Tuning Small Language Models
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India ∗Corresponding author: Additional Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India · Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Budget-Aware Routing for Long Clinical Text
May 1, 2026Khizar Qureshi, Geoffrey Martin, Yifan PengSubmodular Optimization Long-Context Language Model Inference
MIT, Cambridge, MA · Cornell University, Ithaca, NY · Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
Finding Hidden Relationships Between Medical Concepts by Leveraging Metamap and Text Mining Techniques
Apr 30, 2026Weikang Yang, S M Mazharul Hoque Chowdhury, Wei JinRelation Extraction Healthcare
Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, USA
Multi-Level Narrative Evaluation Outperforms Lexical Features for Mental Health
Apr 30, 2026Yuxi Ma, Jieming Cui, Muyang Li +6Document Understanding Depression Detection
Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University · School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University · School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University +3
Language corpora for the Dutch medical domain
Apr 28, 2026B. van EsHealthcare Low-Resource Language Processing
Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. · R&D, B-lab, Castricum, The Netherlands.
Learning Evidence of Depression Symptoms via Prompt Induction
Apr 27, 2026Eliseo Bao, Anxo Perez, David Otero +1Depression Detection Mental Health
IRLab, CITIC, Universidade da Coruña A Coruña, Spain
Implicit Framing in Obstetric Counseling Notes: A Grounded LLM Pipeline on a VBAC-Eligible Cohort
Apr 24, 2026Baris Karacan, Barbara Di Eugenio, Patrick Thornton +2Healthcare Clinical NLP
University of Illinois Chicago · Chicago, IL, USA
Ensembles of Large Language Models for Identifying EQ-5D Studies in PubMed Based on Their Abstracts
Apr 24, 2026Zhyar Rzgar K. Rostam, Márta Péntek, János Tibor Czere +3Evidence Selection Language Model Ensembles
Doctoral School of Applied Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary · John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary · HECON Health Economics Research Center, University Research and Innovation Center, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary +3
Lightweight Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Large Language Model-Based Modeling for Scalable Patient-Trial Matching
Apr 23, 2026Xiaodi Li, Yang Xiao, Munhwan Lee +7Retrieval-Augmented Generation Clinical NLP
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA · Computer Science Department, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA · Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA +4
Differentially Private De-identification of Dutch Clinical Notes: A Comparative Evaluation
Apr 23, 2026Michele Miranda, Xinlan Yan, Nishant Mishra +4Healthcare Differential Privacy
Sapienza University of Rome · Amsterdam UMC · University of Amsterdam +1
Continued Pretraining of FinBERT on Finnish Histopathological Reports: Train-Time Signals and Proxy Downstream Correlations
Apr 16, 2026Rami Luisto, Liisa Petäinen, Tommi Grönholm +5Healthcare Domain-Adaptive Pretraining
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. · Digital Workforce Services, Helsinki, Finland. · Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. +2
Retrieve, Then Classify: Corpus-Grounded Automation of Clinical Value Set Authoring
Apr 16, 2026Sumit Mukherjee, Juan Shu, Nairwita Mazumder +4Healthcare Retrieval-Augmented Classification
Oracle Health Data Intelligence
MedLayBench-V: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Expert-Lay Semantic Alignment in Medical Vision Language Models
Apr 7, 2026Han Jang, Junhyeok Lee, Heeseong Eum +1Healthcare Medical VLMs
Seoul National University · Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital · The Advanced Imaging and Computational Neuroimaging (AICON) Laboratory +2
When Consistency Becomes Bias: Interviewer Effects in Semi-Structured Clinical Interviews
Mar 25, 2026Hasindri Watawana, Sergio Burdisso, Diego A. Moreno-Galván +4Depression Detection Interpretable ML
Idiap Research Institute, Switzerland · EPFL, Switzerland · Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas (CIMAT), Mexico +1
HealthcareNLP: where are we and what is next?
Dec 9, 2025Lifeng Han, Paul Rayson, Andrew Moore +2Clinical NLP Clinical Information Extraction
Leiden University Medical Centre, NL · The Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, NL · Lancaster University, UK +1
MedRECT: A Bilingual Medical Reasoning Benchmark for Error Correction in Clinical Texts
Nov 1, 2025Naoto Iwase, Hiroki Okuyama, Junichiro IwasawaMultilingual Language Model Evaluation Healthcare
Preferred Networks, Inc., Tokyo, Japan · School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
TAMA: A Human-AI Collaborative Thematic Analysis Framework Using Multi-Agent LLMs for Clinical Interviews
Mar 26, 2025Huimin Xu, Seungjun Yi, Terence Lim +9Multi-Agent LLMs Clinical NLP
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, USA · McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin, USA · School of Information, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA and Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

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Automated ICD Classification of Psychiatric Diagnoses: From Classical NLP to Large Language Models

Fernando Ortega, Raúl Lara-Cabrera, Jorge Dueñas-Lerín, Alejandro de la Torre-Luque+2

Department of Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain · KNODIS Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain · CIBERSAM ISCIII, Spain+8

LLM Fine-Tuning Clinical Information Extraction Clinical NLP Medical LLMs

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Mental health has become a global priority, leading to a massive administrative burden in the coding of clinical diagnoses. This study proposes the automation of psychiatric diagnostic analysis by mapping free-text descriptions to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Utilizing a specialized dataset of 145,513 Spanish psychiatric descriptions, various text representation paradigms were evaluated, ranging from classical frequency-based models (BoW, TF-IDF) to state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) such as e5_large, BioLORD, and Llama-3-8B. Results indicate that transformer-based embeddings consistently outperform traditional methods by capturing implicit semantic cues and nuanced medical terminology. The e5_large model, through end-to-end fine-tuning, achieved the highest performance with a

F1_{micro}

score of 0.866. This research demonstrates that adapting LLMs to specific clinical nomenclature is essential for overcoming the challenges of ``long-tail'' label distributions and the inherent ambiguity of psychiatric discourse.

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