Quantitative Science and Technology Studies (QSTS), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Department of Software Engineering University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan · Department of Information Technology University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan · Dr. A. H. S. Bukhari Postgraduate Centre of ICT University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan +1
Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE · Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan · Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China +2
College of Engineering and Computer Science, VinUniversity, Vietnam · Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Australia · Center for AI Research, VinUniversity, Vietnam +1
Aug 10, 2026·Ghazal Kalhor, Zahra Jafari, Amirarsalan Shahbazi +1PersianCode-Switching
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran · School of Engineering Science, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran · Tehran Institute for Advanced Studies, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Information Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China · School of Management, Anhui University, 230000, China · School of Information Management, Central China Normal University, 430070, China
School of Information Communication Technologies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia · School of Information Communication Technologies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
University of Koblenz, Germany · 2Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), Bonn, Germany · 3Linnaeus University (LNU), Växjö, Sweden
German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Berlin, Germany. · Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany. · Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany. +4
LuizaLabs – Center of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence S˜ao Paulo, SP – Brazil · Department of Computing and Informatics – Mackenzie Presbyterian University S˜ao Paulo, SP – Brazil · Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences - University of S˜ao Paulo S˜ao Carlos, SP – Brazil
Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK · *Work conducted during an internship at Autotrader UK. · Autotrader Research Group, Autotrader UK
Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, Giza, Egypt · EECE, Faculty of Engineering, Giza, Egypt · Arabic Language and Literatures, Faculty of Arts, Giza, Egypt
School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China · School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan 610054, China · Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China +3
Bavarian Academy of Sciences (BAdW), Munich, Germany · Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), LMU Munich, Germany