Fault Detection

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Overview

Fault detection studies how to recognize departures from normal operation and, increasingly, identify their source, severity, or likely consequences. Common approaches include statistical residuals and change-point tests, supervised classifiers, reconstruction-based anomaly detection, and temporal models trained on sensor, audio, image, or system-log data; physics-based models and domain knowledge can make their decisions easier to verify. Methods are tested on settings ranging from rotating machinery and power grids to industrial inspection, spacecraft telemetry, and software agents, with growing attention to online monitoring and edge deployment. A central challenge is detecting rare or unfamiliar faults while keeping false alarms low under changing operating conditions, and strong detection scores do not always translate into reliable fault localization or recovery.

Latest papers

CardsList

105 papers13 papers in the last four weeks, down 7% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. ActProbe: Action-Space Probe for Early Failure Detection of Generative Robot Policies

    Jun 7, 2026Bingjia Huang, Xiangyu Li, Xiang Wang +7Robot Policy LearningRobot Failure Detection

    Institute for AI Industry Research (AIR), Tsinghua University · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Work done during internship at AIR, Tsinghua University. +1

  2. TPA-AD: A Two-Stage Pseudo Anomaly-Guided Method for Bearing Time-Series Anomaly Detection

    Jun 2, 2026Xiancheng Wang, Zhibo Zhang, Ran Li +4Fault DetectionUnsupervised Anomaly Detection

    School of Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Wenhua Road, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, China · Technical Center, Bogie Development Department, CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co., Ltd, Jinhong East Road, Qingdao, 266111, Shandong, China · Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China

  3. Monitoring Agentic Systems Before They're Reliable

    Jun 1, 2026Marisa Ferrara Boston, Glen Hanson, Effi Georgala +2Agent Failure AnalysisAgent Reliability

    Reins AI USA · Veraitech USA

  4. Hide-and-Seek in Trajectories: Discovering Failure Signals for VLA Runtime Monitoring

    May 29, 2026Seongheon Park, Wendi Li, Changdae Oh +4Robot Failure DetectionFault Detection

    University of Wisconsin–Madison · Georgia Institute of Technology

  5. How VLAs Fail Differently: Black-Box Action Monitoring Reveals Architecture-Specific Failure Signatures

    May 27, 2026Krishnam GuptaAgent Failure AnalysisRobot Failure Detection

    Independent Research San Francisco, CA

  6. Diffuse to Detect: Generative Diffusion Models for Unsupervised IC Anomaly Detection

    May 26, 2026Yuxuan Yin, Chen He, Todd Jacobs +4Semiconductor ManufacturingIndustrial Anomaly Detection

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA · Automotive Processing, NXP Semiconductors, TX, USA

  7. A Universal Cliff and a Design Fingerprint: Cross-Section Defect Detection Under LLM Orchestration

    May 25, 2026Hiroki FukuiMulti-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Evaluation

    Research Institute of Criminal Psychiatry · Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University

  8. FAME: Failure-Aware Mixture-of-Experts for Message-Level Log Anomaly Detection

    May 21, 2026Huanchi Wang, Zihang Huang, Yifang Tian +3Fault DetectionMixture-of-Experts Models

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario

  9. PrefixGuard: Online Failure Warning and Trace-Grounded Diagnosis for LLM Agents

    May 7, 2026Xinmiao Huang, Jinwei Hu, Qisong He +4Fault DetectionAI Agent Monitoring

    University of Liverpool · Université Grenoble Alpes

  10. A Self-Healing Framework for Reliable LLM-Based Autonomous Agents

    May 7, 2026Cheonsu Jeong, Younggun ShinSoftware Engineering AgentsFault Detection

    AX Center, SAMSUNG SDS, Seoul, South Korea · Dept. of Artificial Intelligence, Graduate School of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

  11. Distributed Observer-based Fault Detection over Intelligent Networked Multi-Vehicle Systems

    May 4, 2026Mohammadreza Doostmohammadian, Hamid R. RabieeIntelligent Transportation SystemsFault Detection

  12. Hierarchical Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Transformer Architectures

    Apr 30, 2026Sigma Jahan, Saurabh Singh Rajput, Tushar Sharma +1Software EngineeringAutomated Software Testing

    Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada

  13. Avionic Main Fuel Pump Simulation and Fault-Diagnosis Benchmark

    Apr 23, 2026Felix Leonhard Janzen, Lukas Moddemann, Alexander Diedrich +1Fault DetectionUnsupervised Anomaly Detection

    Institute of Artificial Intelligence

  14. Neuromorphic Parameter Estimation for Power Converter Health Monitoring Using Spiking Neural Networks

    Apr 17, 2026Hyeongmeen Baik, Hamed Poursiami, Maryam Parsa +1Parameter EstimationPredictive Maintenance

    University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison, Wisconsin, USA · George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia, USA

  15. Adaptive Unknown Fault Detection and Few-Shot Continual Learning for Condition Monitoring in Ultrasonic Metal Welding

    Apr 15, 2026Ahmadreza Eslaminia, Kuan-Chieh Lu, Klara Nahrstedt +1Fault DetectionClass-Incremental Learning

    Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA · Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA · Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

  16. Transformer Based Machine Fault Detection From Audio Input

    Apr 14, 2026Kiran Voderhobli HollaFault DetectionTransformer

  17. On-board Telemetry Monitoring in Autonomous Satellites: Challenges and Opportunities

    Apr 9, 2026Lorenzo Capelli, Leandro de Souza Rosa, Maurizio De Tommasi +8Interpretable Anomaly DetectionFault Detection

    University of Bologna, Italy · Thales Alenia Space Italia, Rome, Italy · European Space Agency (ESA-ESTEC), Netherlands

  18. A Weak-Signal-Aware Framework for Subsurface Defect Detection: Mechanisms for Enhancing Low-SCR Hyperbolic Signatures

    Apr 7, 2026Wenbo Zhang, Zekun Long, Zican Liu +2Fault DetectionAnomaly Detection

    Road and Traffic Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Vhina · School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia · School of Cyber Science and Engineering, southeast university, Nanjing, China +1

  19. Extended Hybrid Timed Petri Nets with Semi-Supervised Anomaly Detection for Switched Systems, Modelling and Fault Detection

    Apr 5, 2026Fatiha Hamdi, Abdelhafid Zeroual, Fouzi HarrouSemi-Supervised Anomaly DetectionFault Detection

    Department of Electronics, Faculty of technology, LAAAS Laboratory, Batna 2 University, Batna, Algeria. · Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Applied Sciences, Larbi Ben M’hidi University, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria. · Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.

  20. Shower-Aware Dual-Stream Voxel Networks for Structural Defect Detection in Cosmic-Ray Muon Tomography

    Apr 4, 2026Parthiv Dasgupta, Sambhav Agarwal, Palash Dutta +2Fault DetectionComputed Tomography

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India

  21. UniSpector: Towards Universal Open-set Defect Recognition via Spectral-Contrastive Visual Prompting

    Apr 3, 2026Geonuk Kim, Minhoi Kim, Kangil Lee +5Industrial Anomaly DetectionIndustrial Inspection

    LG Energy Solution

  22. Exploring Silent Data Corruption as a Reliability Challenge in LLM Training

    Apr 1, 2026Anton Altenbernd, Philipp Wiesner, Odej KaoLLM ReliabilityLLM Training

    Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

  23. The impact of sensor placement on graph-neural-network-based leakage detection

    Mar 25, 2026J. J. H. van Gemert, V. Breschi, D. R. Yntema +2Fault DetectionGraph Neural Networks

    Control Systems Group, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands · Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, 8900MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. · Mathematical and Statistical Methods – Biometris, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands

  24. From Prediction to Diagnosis: Reasoning-Aware AI for Photovoltaic Defect Inspection

    Mar 24, 2026Dev Mistry, Feng Qiu, Bo Chen +4Fault DetectionIndustrial Inspection

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA · Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA · Smart Grid Emerging Technology Department, Commonwealth Edison, Chicago, IL 60618, USA +2

  25. Can Large Multimodal Models Inspect Buildings? A Hierarchical Benchmark for Structural Pathology Reasoning

    Mar 20, 2026Hui Zhong, Yichun Gao, Luyan Liu +4Zero-Shot Referring Image SegmentationMultimodal Model Evaluation

    Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hongkong, China · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China +1

  26. HEP Statistical Inference for UAV Fault Detection: CLs, LRT, and SBI Applied to Blade Damage

    Mar 19, 2026KhushiyantLikelihood Ratio TestingFault Detection

    Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg

  27. MAED: Mathematical Activation Error Detection for Mitigating Physical Fault Attacks in DNN Inference

    Mar 18, 2026Kasra Ahmadi, Saeed Aghapour, Mehran Mozaffari Kermani +1Fault DetectionEdge Inference

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. · Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.

  28. When GPUs Fail Quietly: Observability-Aware Early Warning Beyond Numeric Telemetry

    Mar 17, 2026Michael Bidollahkhani, Freja Nordsiek, Julian M. KunkelFault DetectionPredictive Maintenance

    Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung mbH Göttingen (GWDG) Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen, Germany

  29. A Self-Evolving Defect Detection Framework for Industrial Photovoltaic Systems

    Mar 16, 2026Haoyu He, Yu Duan, Wenzhen Liu +5Fault DetectionIndustrial Inspection

    EcoFlow Inc, Shenzhen, China · School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China

  30. A Lightweight, Transferable, and Self-Adaptive Framework for Intelligent DC Arc-Fault Detection in Photovoltaic Systems

    Mar 16, 2026Xiaoke Yang, Long Gao, Haoyu He +5Fault DetectionPower Systems

    EcoFlow Inc, Shenzhen, China. · AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Denmark