Machine Translation

Also known as MT

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Overview

Machine translation studies how to produce useful translations across languages, including low-resource languages, specialized domains, dialects, and long or multimodal content. Common approaches include Transformer-based neural systems and large language models, adapted with parallel or synthetic data, retrieval, preference optimization, and reinforcement learning; speech and image translation also combine language models with audio or visual information. Evaluation uses automatic metrics and human review, with newer benchmarks testing terminology, context, cultural meaning, style, bias, and instruction following. A central tension is that gains on standard scores do not always mean translations are faithful or appropriate, while broad language coverage, low latency, privacy, and limited data remain practical challenges.

Latest papers

CardsList

267 papers37 papers in the last four weeks, level with the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. CoPiT: Cognitive Pivot Translation for Digraphic Low-Resource Mongolian in the Traditional Script

    Jul 7, 2026Burte Bayarsaikhan, Serynn Kim, Buru ChangLow-Resource MTLow-Resource Language Processing

    1Korea University · 2Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

  2. When Simpler Is Better: Evaluating Translation Pipelines for Medieval Latin Manuscripts

    Jul 4, 2026Nguyen Kim Hai Bui, Md. Easin Arafat, Tamás Gábor Orosz +1VLM EvaluationLow-Resource MT

    Eötvös Loránd University · King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

  3. The Role of Prompt Language and Translation-Theory-Driven Prompts in Large Language Models: A Case Study on Spanish-Chinese Journalistic Translation

    Jul 3, 2026Haohong Lai, Weijia LiLLM PromptingMachine Translation

    Faculty of Translation and Interpreting Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain

  4. MetaHOPE: A Metaphor-Oriented Evaluation Framework for Analysing MT and LLM Translation Errors

    Jul 1, 2026Jiahui Liang, Lifeng HanLLM EvaluationMachine Translation

    Centre for Linguistics, Humanities, Leiden University, NL · LIACS, Leiden University, NL · BDS, Leiden University Medical Centre, NL

  5. Bridging Scientific Heritage: An Arabic--Russian Parallel Corpus and LLM Benchmark for Sustainable Knowledge Transfer

    Jun 29, 2026M. K. ArabovMultilingual Language ModelsArabic NLP

    Kazan Federal University, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies, Department of Data Analysis, Kazan, Russia

  6. DeepTrans Studio: Turning Expert Interventions into Shared Team Knowledge in Agentic Translation Workflows

    Jun 29, 2026Ziyang Lian, Qingya Zhang, Hao Wang +5Agentic WorkflowsHuman-AI Collaboration

    School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, China · School of Foreign Languages, East China Normal University, China · School of Foreign Studies, Shanghai University, China +1

  7. Which Tokens Need Context? A Reference-Based Analysis of Translation Responsibility Using Fertility and Entropy

    Jun 28, 2026Ramakrishna Appicharla, Baban Gain, Santanu Pal +1Context-Aware MTMachine Translation

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India · 2Wipro AI Lab45, Bengaluru, India

  8. Conversational Domain Adaptation of IndicTrans2 across 21 Indic Languages via Experience Replay and Model Soups

    Jun 27, 2026Aditya Pratap SinghDomain Adaptation for LLMsMachine Translation

  9. Structure-Preserving Document Translation via Multi-Stage LLM Pipeline: A Case Study in Marathi

    Jun 27, 2026Manasi Waghe, Danish Chandargi, Mohammad Aamir Rayyan +2Document-Level MTMachine Translation

    Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune, India · L3Cube Labs, Pune, India · Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India

  10. Multilingual Reasoning Cascades Need More Context

    Jun 25, 2026Arnav Mazumder, Dengjia Zhang, Shuyue Stella Li +2Cross-Lingual Reasoning in Language ModelsContext-Aware MT

    University of Washington · Johns Hopkins University

  11. AI translation of literary texts is "fine", but readers still prefer human translations

    Jun 24, 2026Yves Ferstler, Adam Podoxin, Ty Brassington +5Machine TranslationMT Evaluation

    Université du Québec à Montréal · Simon Fraser University · Microsoft

  12. Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Tangkhul--English

    Jun 24, 2026Chormi Zimik Vashai, Agniva MaitiLow-Resource MTLow-Resource Language Processing

    Independent Researcher · KIIT University

  13. Measuring User's Mental Models of Speech Translation in Human-AI Collaboration

    Jun 23, 2026HyoJung Han, Nishant Balepur, Jordan Boyd-Graber +1Speech TranslationHuman-AI Collaboration

    University of Maryland, College Park, USA

  14. UniTranslator: A Unified Multi-modal Framework for End-to-end In-Image Machine Translation

    Jun 23, 2026Jiahao Lyu, Pei Fu, Zhenhang Li +6Image Text TranslationUnified Multimodal Models

    Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, China · MiLM Plus, Xiaomi Inc, China · School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Science, China +2

  15. Machine Translation and Post-Editing: Comparative Evaluation of Different MT Systems and Post-Editor Groups in Specialised Translation

    Jun 22, 2026Joachim Minder, Alexandra Mestivier, Natalie KüblerMachine TranslationMT Evaluation

    ALTAE, CLILLAC-ARP · Université Paris Cité, ALTAE, F-75013 Paris, France · ALTAE

  16. CAT-Translate: Building Compact Open-Source Models for Japanese-English Translation

    Jun 19, 2026Yuu JinnaiLLM Fine-TuningSmall Language Models

    CyberAgent / Tokyo, Japan

  17. CzechDocs: A Multiway Parallel Dataset of Formatted Documents for Minority Languages in Czechia

    Jun 18, 2026Josef Jon, Ondřej BojarDocument-Level MTMachine Translation

    Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics Prague, Czech Republic

  18. G-IdiomAlign: A Gloss-Pivoted Benchmark for Cross-Lingual Idiom Alignment

    Jun 17, 2026Fengying Ye, Yanming Sun, Runzhe Zhan +3Figurative Language UnderstandingMultilingual Language Model Evaluation

    NLP2CT Lab, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau · Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Macau

  19. Translating the Untranslatable: An Operationalizable Ontology for Untranslatability

    Jun 15, 2026Jacob Bremerman, Brihi Joshi, Hirona Arai +2Machine Translation

    University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute

  20. MLLP-VRAIN UPV system for the IWSLT 2026 Simultaneous Speech Translation task

    Jun 15, 2026Jorge Iranzo-Sánchez, Gerard Mas-Mollà, Adrià Giménez +3Speech TranslationSimultaneous Speech Translation

    Machine Learning and Language Processing, VRAIN, Universitat Politècnica de València

  21. Evaluative Judgement in Teaching AI-based Translation: A Class-room Case Study of AI-Mediated Translation and Post-Editing

    Jun 13, 2026Gokhan DogruMachine TranslationMT Evaluation

    Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Spain

  22. System Report for CCL25-Eval Task 5: New Dataset and LoRA-Fine-Tuned Qwen2.5

    Jun 10, 2026Haotao XieLLM Fine-TuningMachine Translation

    The Hangzhou International Innovation Institute · Beihang University

  23. Emotion Profiling in LLM-Based Literary Translation: Systematic Shifts Across MT and Post-Editing

    Jun 8, 2026Antonio Castaldo, Johanna Monti, Sheila CastilhoMachine TranslationMT Evaluation

    University of Naples “L’Orientale” · University of Pisa · Antonio Castaldo1,2 +3

  24. Beyond Accuracy: Community Perspectives on Machine Translation

    Jun 8, 2026Yujun Wang, Ehud Reiter, Shimei Pan +2Trust in AIMachine Translation

    The Aberdeen NLP Research Group University of Aberdeen, UK · University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA · University of Technology Nuremberg, Germany

  25. Rewrite to Translate, Translate to Reward: Reinforcement Learning for Source Rewriting in Machine Translation

    Jun 6, 2026Boxuan Lyu, Haiyue Song, Zhi Qu +3RL for Language ModelsMachine Translation

    Institute of Science Tokyo · Preferred Networks, Inc. · Nara Institute of Science and Technology

  26. Reinforcement Learning Elicits Contextual Learning of Unseen Language Translation

    Jun 4, 2026Hanxu Hu, Zdeněk Šnajdr, Pinzhen Chen +2RL for Language ModelsIn-Context Learning

    University of Zurich · ETH Zurich · Queen’s University Belfast

  27. A Komi-Yazva--Russian Parallel Corpus and Evaluation Protocol for Zero- and Few-Shot LLM Translation

    Jun 4, 2026Petr ParshakovLLM EvaluationLow-Resource MT

    HSE University, Perm, Russia · School of Management SKOLKOVO, Moscow, Russia

  28. Better Literary Translation: A Multi-Aspect Data Generation and LLM Training Approach

    Jun 4, 2026Zhihao Lin, Ziqi Zhu, Hao Huang +2Synthetic Data Generation for Language ModelsLanguage Model Post-Training

    1Amazon Web Services (AWS) · 2Peking University

  29. ComplexityMT: Benchmarking the Interaction Between Text Complexity and Machine Translation

    Jun 3, 2026Joseph Marvin Imperial, Junhong Liang, Belal Shoer +9Machine TranslationMT Evaluation

    University of Bath · National University Philippines · MBZUAI +7

  30. AlignAtt4LLM: Fast AlignAtt for Decoder-Only LLMs at IWSLT 2026 Simultaneous Speech Translation Task

    Jun 2, 2026Quentin Fuxa, Dominik MacháčekSpeech TranslationDecoder-Only Language Models

    Independent Researcher · Charles University, MFF, ÚFAL · & University of Edinburgh