Medical Diagnosis

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21 papers in the last four weeks, up 320% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

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Latest papers 168

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SymptomAI: Toward a Conversational AI Agent for Everyday Symptom Assessment
May 5, 2026Joseph Breda, Fadi Yousif, Beszel Hawkins +30Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
Google Research · Work done while at Google Research · Google DeepMind
Donor-Aware scRNA-seq Benchmarks for IBD Classification
May 5, 2026Jonathan MuhireMedical Diagnosis Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Department of Computer Science, Oklahoma Christian University
Scientific Domain Knowledge Improves Vision-Language Fundus Models
May 4, 2026Verena Jasmin Hallitschke, Carsten Eickhoff, Philipp BerensHealthcare Medical Diagnosis
1Hertie Institute for AI in Brain Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany · Institute for Applied Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany · 2Tübingen AI Center, Tübingen, Germany
OphMAE: Bridging Volumetric and Planar Imaging with a Foundation Model for Adaptive Ophthalmological Diagnosis
May 4, 2026Tienyu Chang, Zhen Chen, Renjie Liang +9Medical Imaging Foundation Models Masked Autoencoders
Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN · Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT · Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong +5
Reliability-Oriented Multilingual Orthopedic Diagnosis: A Domain-Adaptive Modeling and a Conceptual Validation Framework
May 4, 2026Danish Ali, Li Xiaojian, Sundas Iqbal +1Multilingual Language Model Evaluation Healthcare
School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, China · School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), China · Department of Orthopedic, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan
MultiSense-Pneumo: A Multimodal Learning Framework for Pneumonia Screening in Resource-Constrained Settings
May 4, 2026Dineth Jayakody, Pasindu Thenahandi, Chameli DommanigeDomain-Adversarial Learning Clinical Triage
Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, VA, USA
From ML Predictions to Informed Diagnostic Assistance Using the Toulmin Model of Argumentation
May 1, 2026Anca Marginean, Adrian GrozaMedical Diagnosis Explainable Medical Image Analysis
Are Multimodal LLMs Ready for Clinical Dermatology? A Real-World Evaluation in Dermatology
May 1, 2026Roy Jiang, Hyunjae Kim, Zhenyue Qin +8Healthcare Clinical Triage
Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA · Department of Bioinformatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA · Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
JI-ADF: Joint-Individual Learning with Adaptive Decision Fusion for Multimodal Skin Lesion Classification
Apr 30, 2026Phan Nguyen, Dat Cao, Hien Kha +4Skin Lesion Classification Medical Diagnosis
1KAIST · 2Taipei Medical University · 3Yale University
Toward Multimodal Conversational AI for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Apr 28, 2026Ran Gu, Benjamin Hou, Mélanie Hébert +5Medical Diagnosis Medical VQA
Division of Intramural Research, NaMonal Library of Medicine, NaMonal InsMtutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA · 2. Division of Epidemiology and Clinical ApplicaMons, NaMonal Eye InsMtute, NaMonal InsMtutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA · 1. Division of Intramural Research, NaMonal Library of Medicine, NaMonal InsMtutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Exploring Remote Photoplethysmography for Neonatal Pain Detection from Facial Videos
Apr 28, 2026Ashutosh Dhamaniya, Anup Kumar Gupta, Trishna Saikia +1Remote Photoplethysmography Medical Diagnosis
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, 452020, India.
Aycromo: An Open-Source Platform for Automatic Chromosome Detection in Metaphase Images Based on Deep Learning
Apr 27, 2026Jorge L. A. Lima, Filipe R. CordeiroMedical Diagnosis Microscopy Image Analysis
Visual Computing Lab, Department of Computing, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Brazil
MultiDx: A Multi-Source Knowledge Integration Framework towards Diagnostic Reasoning
Apr 27, 2026Yimin Deng, Zhenxi Lin, Yejing Wang +9Knowledge Augmentation for Language Models Medical Diagnosis
Xi’an Jiaotong University · City University of Hong Kong · Tencent Jarvis Lab +1
FAIR_XAI: Improving Multimodal Foundation Model Fairness via Explainability for Wellbeing Assessment
Apr 26, 2026Sophie Chiang, Tom Brennan, Fethiye Irmak Dogan +2Depression Detection Medical Diagnosis
Department of Computer Science & Technology, University of Cambridge. · Harvard University.
A multi-stage soft computing framework for complex disease modelling and decision support: A liver cirrhosis case study
Apr 26, 2026Xueyuan Huang, Yuheng Wang, Yuanzhi He +8Medical Diagnosis Clinical Decision Support
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China · State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China · Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China +3
A Benchmark Suite of Reddit-Derived Datasets for Mental Health Detection
Apr 25, 2026Khalid Hasan, Jamil SaquerMedical Diagnosis Mental Health
Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
Divide-then-Diagnose: Weaving Clinician-Inspired Contexts for Ultra-Long Capsule Endoscopy Videos
Apr 23, 2026Bowen Liu, Li Yang, Shanshan Song +6Endoscopy Medical Imaging
1The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · 2Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Improving clinical interpretability of linear neuroimaging models through feature whitening
Apr 22, 2026Sara Petiton, Antoine Grigis, Raphaël Vock +1Medical Diagnosis Interpretable ML
University Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NeuroSpin, Baobab UMR 9027, Saclay, France
X-PCR: A Benchmark for Cross-modality Progressive Clinical Reasoning in Ophthalmic Diagnosis
Apr 22, 2026Gui Wang, Zehao Zhong, YongSong Zhou +6Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University · 2Tsinghua University · 5Wenzhou Medical University +3
Opportunistic Bone-Loss Screening from Routine Knee Radiographs Using a Multi-Task Deep Learning Framework with Sensitivity-Constrained Threshold Optimization
Apr 22, 2026Zhaochen Li, Xinghao Yan, Runni Zhou +8Medical Imaging Medical Diagnosis
ORBIT Lab, College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. · Department of Radiology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. · Rehabilitation Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Imaging Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. +1
Infection-Reasoner: A Compact Vision-Language Model for Wound Infection Classification with Evidence-Grounded Clinical Reasoning
Apr 21, 2026Palawat Busaranuvong, Reza Saadati Fard, Emmanuel Agu +4Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA
Parkinson's Disease Detection via Self-Supervised Dual-Channel Cross-Attention on Bilateral Wrist-Worn IMU Signals
Apr 20, 2026Meheru ZannatCross-Attention Self-Supervised Time Series Representation Learning
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Bangladesh
Toward Zero-Egress Psychiatric AI: On-Device LLM Deployment for Privacy-Preserving Mental Health Decision Support
Apr 20, 2026Eranga Bandara, Asanga Gunaratna, Ross Gore +9On-Device Language Model Inference Privacy-Preserving Language Models
Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA · AI Motion Labs, Melbourne, Australia · Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA +3
Rabies diagnosis in low-data settings: A comparative study on the impact of data augmentation and transfer learning
Apr 20, 2026Khalil Akremi, Mariem Handous, Zied Bouslama +4Data Augmentation Medical Diagnosis
University of Carthage, Engineering School of Statistics and Information Analysis, Tunis, Tunisia. · University of Tunis-El-Manar, Rabies Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia. · World Health Organization, Country Oﬀice Tunisia. +1
Sonata: A Hybrid World Model for Inertial Kinematics under Clinical Data Scarcity
Apr 20, 2026Blaise Delaney, Salil Patel, Yuji Xing +3Medical Diagnosis Predictive Representation Learning
1TimeTrace Labs · 2NVIDIA · University of Oxford
First, Do No Harm (With LLMs): Mitigating Racial Bias via Agentic Workflows
Apr 20, 2026Sihao Xing, Zaur GoulievHealthcare Social Bias in Language Models
School of Enterprise Computing and Digital Transformation Technological University Dublin · School of Information and Communication Studies University College Dublin
Conditional Evidence Reconstruction and Decomposition for Interpretable Multimodal Diagnosis
Apr 18, 2026Shaowen Wan, Yanjun Lv, Lu Zhang +5Missing-Modality Learning Medical Diagnosis
Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA · Department of Computer Science, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA +1
Evaluating Multimodal LLMs for Inpatient Diagnosis: Real-World Performance, Safety, and Cost Across Ten Frontier Models
Apr 18, 2026Bruce A. Bassett, Amy Rouillard, Sitwala Mundia +8Language Model Safety Evaluation Healthcare
School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa · Wits MIND Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa · Grai Labs, Cape Town, South Africa +3
Nationwide EHR-Based Chronic Rhinosinusitis Prediction Using Demographic-Stratified Models
Apr 16, 2026Sicong Chang, Yidan Shen, Justina Varghese +7Medical Diagnosis Clinical Prediction
Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston Houston, USA · Otolaryngology Houston Methodist Hospital Houston, USA · Information Science Technology, University of Houston & Otolaryngology, Houston Methodist Hospital Houston, USA
CORA: Generalizable coronary artery disease assessment and risk stratification from coronary CT angiography using pathology-centric representation learning
Mar 25, 2026Jinkui Hao, Gorkem Durak, Halil Ertugrul Aktas +4Synthetic Data Pretraining Coronary Angiography
Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA · Department of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA +1

May 5, 2026, cs.AIJ/K move · Enter open · S save

SymptomAI: Toward a Conversational AI Agent for Everyday Symptom Assessment

Joseph Breda, Fadi Yousif, Beszel Hawkins, Marinela Cotoi+29

Google Research · Work done while at Google Research · Google DeepMind

Healthcare Medical Diagnosis LLM Agent Evaluation LLM Agents Differential Diagnosis

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Language models excel at diagnostic assessments on curated medical case-studies and vignettes, performing on par with, or better than, clinical professionals. However, existing studies focus on complex scenarios with rich context making it difficult to draw conclusions about how these systems perform for patients reporting symptoms in everyday life. We deployed SymptomAI, a set of conversational AI agents for end-to-end patient interviewing and differential diagnosis (DDx), via the Fitbit app in a study that randomized participants (N=13,917) to interact with five AI agents. This corpus captures diverse communication and a realistic distribution of illnesses from a real world population. A subset of 1,228 participants reported a clinician-provided diagnosis, and 517 of these were further evaluated by a panel of clinicians during over 250 hours of annotation. SymptomAI DDx were significantly more accurate (OR = 2.56, p < 0.001) than those from independent clinicians given the same dialogue in a blinded randomized comparison. Moreover, agentic strategies which conduct a dedicated symptom interview that elicit additional symptom information before providing a diagnosis, perform substantially better than baseline, user-guided conversations (p < 0.001). An auxiliary analysis on 1,509 conversations from a general US population panel validated that these results generalize beyond wearable device users. We used SymptomAI diagnoses as labels for all 13,917 participants to analyze over 500,000 days of wearable metrics across nearly 400 unique conditions. We identified strong associations between acute infections and physiological shifts (e.g., OR > 7 for influenza). While limited by self-reported ground truth, these results demonstrate the benefits of a dedicated and complete symptom interview compared to a user-guided symptom discussion, which is the default of most consumer LLMs.

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