Medical Image Analysis

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Overview

Medical image analysis develops methods to detect disease, segment anatomy, track changes over time, reconstruct images, and estimate clinically useful measurements from modalities such as CT, MRI, X-rays, ultrasound, and retinal imaging. Common approaches include U-Net-style segmentation, transformers, self-supervised and foundation-model learning, multimodal vision-language systems, and methods that incorporate anatomical or physical constraints. Models are tested on tasks and benchmarks such as BraTS for brain tumors, ACDC for cardiac MRI, and EchoNet for echocardiography, with growing attention to external-site testing, calibration, and clinical workflow. A central challenge is that strong benchmark results may not transfer across scanners, hospitals, patient groups, or acquisition protocols, so reliable deployment requires better validation, uncertainty estimates, and safeguards against bias and privacy risks.

Latest papers

CardsList

291 papers27 papers in the last four weeks, down 13% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. ReVision3D: Attribution-Guided Recursive Self-Improvement for 3D Medical Perception

    Sep 26, 2026Ho Hin Lee, Yuyin Zhou, Yannan Yu +2Medical Image Analysis3D Medical Imaging

    Vanderbilt University · University of California, Santa Cruz · University of California, San Francisco +2

  2. Learning When to Recur: Token-Adaptive Recursion for Imbalanced Ophthalmic Domain Incremental Learning

    Sep 26, 2026Nanxi Yu, Kang Li, Ye Du +3Ophthalmic Image AnalysisDomain-Incremental Learning

    School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, China · Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sports Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China · School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangdong, China +1

  3. CG-HAF: An Interpretable Global-Local Lesion-Burden Fusion Framework for Ordinal Acne Severity Grading in Agentic Skincare Support

    Sep 25, 2026Muhammad Muhtasim Shahriar, Md. Naimur Asif Borno, Saad Aloteibi +1Medical Image AnalysisExplainable Medical Image Analysis

    Department of Computer Science, International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Chittagong, Bangladesh · Department of Mechatronics, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology (RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Applied Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11437, Saudi Arabia +3

  4. NV-Reason-CT: 3D Visual Language Model for CT Analysis

    Sep 23, 2026Andriy Myronenko, Dong Yang, Yucheng Tang +15Radiology Report GenerationRadiology VLMs

    NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA · NIH, Bethesda, MD · University of Oxford, Oxford, UK +4

  5. Radiomics--Foundation Fusion for Interpretable RCC Classification: Internal Benchmarking and Exploratory External Transfer

    Sep 22, 2026Yuan Liang, Fangyijie Wang, Kathleen M. Curran +3Medical Image AnalysisRadiomics

    Research Ireland Centre for Research Training in Machine Learning · School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland · School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland +1

  6. Gaze responses to false-positive computer-aided detection prompts during colonoscopy: a paired-video and real-time eye-tracking study

    Sep 22, 2026Te Luo, Yan Zhu, Peiyao Fu +5EndoscopyMedical Image Analysis

    Digital Medical Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Key Laboratory of MICCAI, Shanghai, China · Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China +4

  7. Combinatorial Network-Based Manifold Topological Deep Learning for Image Analysis

    Sep 21, 2026Alice Wachira, Xiang Liu, Zhe Su +3Medical Image Analysis

    Department of Mathematics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. · Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Auburn University, AL, 36849, USA. · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA. +2

  8. Applications of Neural Cellular Automata: State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities

    Sep 21, 2026Nick Lemke, Niklas Ihm, John Kalkhof +11Neural Cellular AutomataMedical Image Analysis

    Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany · ImFusion GmbH, Munich, Germany · Inria Center at University Cˆote d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France +9

  9. Representation-guided in-context learning for medical image interpretation with multimodal large language models

    Sep 21, 2026Minda Zhao, Fangyu Hu, Yan Luo +8Medical Image AnalysisMultimodal Large Language Models

    Harvard AI and Robotics Lab, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA · Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA · Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan +6

  10. WebMRIQC: A Web-Based Implementation of MRIQC for Accessible MRI Image Quality Assessment in Resource-Constrained Settings

    Sep 21, 2026Philip Nkwam, Ifeoluwa Oladeji, Sekinat Zurakat-Aderibigbe +9Medical Image AnalysisMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    Department of Radiography, Faculty of Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria. · Medical Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Crestview Radiology Ltd., Lagos, Nigeria. · Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. +3

  11. Modeling Clinical Workflow for SYNTAX Scoring from Coronary Angiography Videos

    Sep 20, 2026Suzhong Fu, Jingqi Dong, Xuan Ding +4Coronary AngiographyMedical Image Analysis

    FNii-Shenzhen, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China · School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China

  12. A Dual-Stream Regulated Reconstruction and Segmentation Network with Hierarchical Artifact-Prior Modeling for Ultra-Low-Field Pediatric Neuroimaging

    Sep 17, 2026Bahram Jafrasteh, Leo Milecki, Qingyu ZhaoMedical Image AnalysisImage Reconstruction

    Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA

  13. MUMINS: Metadata-conditioned Uncertainty-aware Medical Image Next-state Synthesis

    Sep 15, 2026Anna Oliveras, Roger Marí, Rafael Redondo +7Medical Image AnalysisLongitudinal Medical Image Analysis

    Eurecat, Centre Tecnol`ogic de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain · Dept. de Matem`atiques i Inform`atica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain · Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain +1

  14. Lesion-centered 3D mapping of colonoscopy procedures: validation of a hierarchical ensemble pipeline on public benchmark videos

    Sep 15, 2026Hyunjun Kim, Hyeonwoo Na, Jaewoo LeeEndoscopy3D Reconstruction

    School of Computing, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea · Clinical Imaging Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Division of Mechanical and Space Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan +1

  15. Authority-Preserving Evaluation of Medical Vision-Language Assistants

    Sep 14, 2026Flint Xiaofeng Fan, Cheston Tan, Yew-Soon Ong +1VLM EvaluationHuman Oversight of AI

    ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland · Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore

  16. MedVA: An End-to-End Neuro-Symbolic Agentic System for Medical Volume Visualization

    Sep 14, 2026Haill An, Suhyeon Kim, Minjun Kang +4Medical Image AnalysisTool-Using Vision-Language Agents

    Institute of Translational Medicine, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, China

  17. Mobile CT Services for Rural, Regional, and Remote Areas: Current Practice and Future Integration with Telehealth and Regulatory-Authorised AI

    Sep 13, 2026Zhicheng Lu, Md Zahid Islam, M Mamun Huda +6Computed TomographyHealthcare

    Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia · Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia · School of Rural Medicine, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia +3

  18. A Dual Cross-Attention Framework for Colposcopic CIN Grading and Swede Score Prediction Using a New Multi-Center Dataset

    Sep 11, 2026Dania Khan, Nuzhat Aisha Shaikh, Asfina Hassan Juicy +3Medical ImagingCross-Attention

    mHealth lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh · Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh · Center for Bioengineering Innovation and Design (CBID), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

  19. Automated Distinction of Intimal and Medial Intracranial Arterial Calcification from CT Head

    Sep 11, 2026Benjamin Jin, Maria del C. Valdés Hernández, Richard Bortsov +3Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Classification

    Institute for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom · Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands · UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom +2

  20. Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for the Detection of Pathologies Related to Lung Cancer through Image Analysis using Convolutional Neural Networks and Data Augmentation: a systematic mapping of the literature

    Sep 9, 2026Pablo Ramirez AmadorMedical Image AnalysisMedical Image Classification

    Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Faculty of Computer Technology. Center for Advanced Studies in Computer Technology. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

  21. From Few-Shot Segmentation to Clinician-in-the-Loop Medical Image Analysis

    Sep 9, 2026Yazhou ZhuInteractive Medical Image SegmentationSelective Prediction

  22. Myocardial Strain Drift Correction in Deep Learning Based Ultrasound Tracking

    Sep 9, 2026Thierry Judge, Nicolas Duchateau, Andreas Østvik +6Medical Image AnalysisEchocardiography

    Dept. of Computer Science, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada. · INSA, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, CREATIS, Villeurbanne, France. · Institut Universitaire de France (IUF). +4

  23. Tensor-based Brain Surface Modeling and Analysis

    Sep 3, 2026Moo K. Chung, Keith J. Worsley, Steve Robbins +1Medical Image AnalysisLongitudinal Medical Image Analysis

    Department of Statistics, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Keck Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging and Behavior University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706. USA · Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada

  24. Improving Clinical Target Volume Segmentation Accuracy using Anatomical Priors and Active Learning for the AGITG TOPGEAR Clinical Trial

    Sep 2, 2026Phillip Chlap, Mark Lee, Trevor Leong +11Medical Image AnalysisActive Learning

    University of New South Wales, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Sydney, Australia · Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia · Liverpool and Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centres, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sydney, Australia +8

  25. LoFi RADIO: A Distilled In-Domain Backbone Applied for Artifact-Severity Grading of Ultra-Low-Field Neonatal Brain MR

    Sep 2, 2026Jonathan B. Martin, Yashwant Kurmi, Charlotte R. SappoMedical Image Quality AssessmentMedical Image Analysis

    Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA

  26. Learning from Scarce Labels: Multi-View Echocardiography for Ejection Fraction Prediction

    Sep 2, 2026Zhiyuan Gao, Dominic Yurk, Yaser S. Abu-MostafaLeft Ventricular Ejection Fraction EstimationMedical Image Analysis

    Electrical Engineering Department, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA · Asari AI, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA

  27. ORB-SVM : An Innovative Hybrid Framework for Efficient Brain Tumor Detection from MRI Scans

    Sep 2, 2026Amirhosein AzarpourMedical Image AnalysisBrain MRI

    Department of Computer Science Shahid Beheshti University Tehran, Iran

  28. MR-JEPA: A General Purpose Video Foundation Model for Cardiac MRI

    Aug 31, 2026Athira J. Jacob, Puneet Sharma, Dorin Comaniciu +1Medical Imaging Foundation ModelsSelf-Supervised Pre-Training

    Digital Technology and Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Princeton, NJ, USA · Chair for Al in Healthcare and Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) · TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany +1

  29. Co-Annotator: Expert-Distilled ViT and VLM for Visual and Documentation Guidance in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

    Aug 31, 2026Ziheng "Leo" Li, Benjamin Freeman, Akshay Raman +5Medical Report GenerationMedical Image Analysis

    Columbia University

  30. Do Medical Vision Models Reason About Anatomy? Probing the Spatial Inductive Biases of Learned Visual Representations

    Aug 28, 2026Naren Akash, Neeraja RamananMedical Imaging Foundation ModelsMedical Image Analysis

    Center for Visual Information Technology, IIIT Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India · Center for AI and Innovation, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, India