Clinical Decision Support

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Overview

Clinical decision support studies how computer systems can help clinicians interpret patient records, identify risks, choose tests, and plan treatment. Approaches range from statistical and causal models to Bayesian reasoning, reinforcement learning, guideline rules and knowledge graphs, and language-model systems using retrieval or multiple agents; hybrid designs often use AI to extract information and deterministic logic to apply clinical rules. Systems are tested on electronic health records, guideline-based cases, medical images, and medication tasks, with growing use of reader studies and prospective workflow evaluations. A central challenge is that strong benchmark accuracy does not ensure safe performance with incomplete or shifting data, and systems must manage uncertainty, harmful errors, clinician oversight, and fit with real workflows.

Latest papers

CardsList

244 papers27 papers in the last four weeks, up 42% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Argumentation for Explainable and Globally Contestable Decision Support with LLMs

    Mar 15, 2026Adam Dejl, Matthew Williams, Francesca ToniAI-Assisted Decision MakingExplainable Artificial Intelligence

    Department of Computing, Imperial College London · Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London

  2. abx_amr_simulator: A simulation environment for antibiotic prescribing policy optimization under antimicrobial resistance

    Mar 11, 2026Joyce Lee, Seth BlumbergRL BenchmarksClinical Decision Support

  3. Depression Detection at the Point of Care: Automated Analysis of Linguistic Signals from Routine Primary Care Encounters

    Mar 11, 2026Feng Chen, Manas Bedmutha, Janice Sabin +3Depression DetectionClinical NLP

    University of Washington, Seattle, WA · University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA

  4. HeartAgent: An Autonomous Agent System for Explainable Differential Diagnosis in Cardiology

    Mar 11, 2026Shuang Zhou, Kai Yu, Song Wang +11Clinical Decision SupportDifferential Diagnosis

    Division of Computational Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA · Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA · College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA +6

  5. Emulating Clinician Cognition via Self-Evolving Deep Clinical Research

    Mar 11, 2026Ruiyang Ren, Yuhao Wang, Yunsen Liang +8Medical DiagnosisClinical Decision Support

    Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China. · Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. · Baidu Inc., Beijing, China. +2

  6. Human-AI Co-reasoning for Clinical Diagnosis with Evidence-Integrated Language Agent

    Mar 11, 2026Zhongzhen Huang, Yan Ling, Hong Chen +7Medical DiagnosisClinical Decision Support

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China +3

  7. From Days to Minutes: An Autonomous AI Agent Achieves Reliable Clinical Triage in Remote Patient Monitoring

    Mar 10, 2026Seunghwan Kim, Tiffany H. Kung, Heena Verma +8Remote Patient MonitoringClinical Triage

    AnsibleHealth Inc., San Francisco, USA · AnsibleHealth Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA · Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA +3

  8. A prospective clinical feasibility study of a conversational diagnostic AI in an ambulatory primary care clinic

    Mar 9, 2026Peter Brodeur, Jacob M. Koshy, Anil Palepu +45HealthcareMedical LLMs

  9. CORE-Acu: Structured Reasoning Traces and Knowledge Graph Safety Verification for Acupuncture Clinical Decision Support

    Mar 9, 2026Liuyi Xu, Yun Guo, Ming Chen +5Structured CoT ReasoningClinical Decision Support

    College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China · School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, China · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China +3

  10. Optimising antibiotic switching via forecasting of patient physiology

    Mar 9, 2026Magnus Ross, Nel Swanepoel, Akish Luintel +4Clinical Decision SupportHealthcare

    Department of Computer Science, Centre for AI, UCL, UK · Institute of Health Informatics, UCL, UK · Department of Medical Microbiology, Infection Division, University College Hospital London, UK +1

  11. Artificial Intelligence for Detecting Fetal Orofacial Clefts and Advancing Medical Education

    Mar 6, 2026Yuanji Zhang, Yuhao Huang, Haoran Dou +28Medical EducationClinical Decision Support

    National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. · Medical Ultrasound Image Computing (MUSIC) Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. · Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. +14

  12. InfoGatherer: Principled Information Seeking via Evidence Retrieval and Strategic Questioning

    Mar 6, 2026Maksym Taranukhin, Shuyue Stella Li, Evangelos Milios +3Document QALLM Decision-Making

    University of British Columbia · Vector Institute · University of Washington +2

  13. Computational Pathology in the Era of Emerging Foundation and Agentic AI -- International Expert Perspectives on Clinical Integration and Translational Readiness

    Mar 6, 2026Qian Da, Yijiang Chen, Min Ju +25Computational PathologyPathology Foundation Models

    Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China · Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA · Department of Basic Education, Qingdao City University, Qingdao, Shandong, China +22

  14. An interpretable prototype parts-based neural network for medical tabular data

    Mar 5, 2026Jacek Karolczak, Jerzy StefanowskiInterpretable MLPrototype-Based Classification

    Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Computing Science, ul. Piotrowo 2, 60-695 Poznań, Poland

  15. MedCoRAG: Interpretable Hepatology Diagnosis via Hybrid Evidence Retrieval and Multispecialty Consensus

    Mar 5, 2026Zheng Li, Jiayi Xu, Zhikai Hu +4Medical DiagnosisClinical Decision Support

    School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, 130015, China · Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China +2

  16. MIND: Unified Inquiry and Diagnosis RL with Criteria Grounded Clinical Supports for Psychiatric Consultation

    Mar 4, 2026Guoyi Li, Shihao Xu, Jiatong Ma +4HealthcareEvidence-Grounded Reasoning

    EverMind AI Inc., California, USA · Venus Team, Ant Group · Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute, Shanghai, China +3

  17. MED-COPILOT: A Medical Assistant Powered by GraphRAG and Similar Patient Case Retrieval

    Feb 28, 2026Shuheng Chen, Namratha Patil, Haonan Pan +4Case-Based ReasoningClinical Decision Support

    University of Southern California

  18. Experience-Guided Self-Adaptive Cascaded Agents for Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis with Reduced Biopsy Referrals

    Feb 27, 2026Pramit Saha, Mohammad Alsharid, Joshua Strong +1Clinical Decision SupportSelf-Improving Agents

    Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford · Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University

  19. Modeling Expert AI Diagnostic Alignment via Immutable Inference Snapshots

    Feb 26, 2026Dimitrios P. Panagoulias, Evangelia-Aikaterini Tsichrintzi, Georgios Savvidis +1DermatologyClinical Decision Support

    Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Karaoli ke Dimitriou 80, Piraeus, 18534, Greece · Department of Research & Development, Noetiv PC, Valaoritou 18, Athens, 10671, Greece · Department of Dermatology, Dermacen SA, Valaoritou 18, Athens, 10671, Greece

  20. Enhancing Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score Transparency through Logic-Based XAI

    Feb 25, 2026Emannuel L. de A. Bezerra, Luiz H. T. Viana, Vinícius P. Chagas +3Explainable Artificial IntelligenceClinical Decision Support

    Instituto Federal do Ceará (IFCE), Maracanaú, Ceará Brazil

  21. A Governance and Evaluation Framework for Deterministic, Rule-Based Clinical Decision Support in Empiric Antibiotic Prescribing

    Feb 24, 2026Francisco José Gárate, Paloma Chausa, Diego Moreno +3Specification-Based TestingClinical Decision Support

    Grupo de Bioingeniería y Telemedicina, ETSI Telecomunicación, Centro de Tecnología Biomedica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain · Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain · Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain +2

  22. DoAtlas-1: A Causal Compilation Paradigm for Clinical AI

    Feb 22, 2026Yulong Li, Jianxu Chen, Xiwei Liu +9Causal ReasoningCausal Inference

    Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University.

  23. NutriOrion: A Hierarchical Multi-Agent Framework for Personalized Nutrition Intervention Grounded in Clinical Guidelines

    Feb 20, 2026Junwei Wu, Runze Yan, Hanqi Luo +7Multi-Agent LLM SystemsClinical Decision Support

    Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA · Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX, USA · Cecelia Health, New York, NY, USA

  24. Machine Learning Based Prediction of Surgical Outcomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis from Clinical Data

    Feb 19, 2026Sayeed Shafayet Chowdhury, Karen D'Souza, V. Siva Kakumani +9Clinical Outcome PredictionClinical Decision Support

    Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA · Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA · Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, USA +5

  25. End-user validation of BRIGHT with custom-developed graphical user interface applied to cervical cancer brachytherapy

    Feb 18, 2026Leah R. M. Dickhoff, Ellen M. Kerkhof, Heloisa H. Deuzeman +12OncologyClinical Decision Support

  26. A Patient Simulation Framework for Risk Assessment of Conversational Healthcare AI: Evaluation of an Antidepressant Decision Aid

    Feb 11, 2026Md Tanvir Rouf Shawon, Mohammad Sabik Irbaz, Hadeel R. A. Elyazori +6AI Risk ManagementHealthcare

    Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States · Department of Information Sciences and Technology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States · Department of Health Administration and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States +1

  27. CoMMa: Contribution-Aware Medical Multi-Agents for Decentralized Oncology Decision Support

    Feb 9, 2026Yichen Wu, Kailong Fan, Sangjoon Park +9Multi-Agent LLM SystemsClinical Decision Support

    Harvard Medical School/MGH · Yonesei University · MBZUAI +1

  28. Towards Optimal Valve Prescription for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) Surgery: A Machine Learning Approach

    Dec 9, 2025Phevos Paschalidis, Vasiliki Stoumpou, Lisa Everest +11Clinical Decision SupportClinical Outcome Prediction

    J. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Research, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. · Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. · Heart & Vascular Institute, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT, USA. +3

  29. CLARITY: Medical World Model for Guiding Treatment Decisions by Modeling Context-Aware Disease Trajectories in Latent Space

    Dec 8, 2025Tianxingjian Ding, Yuanhao Zou, Chen Chen +2Disease Progression ModelingHealthcare

    Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Central Florida

  30. JEEVHITAA -- An HCAI Ecosystem to Support Collective Care

    Dec 6, 2025Shyama Sastha Krishnamoorthy Srinivasan, Harsh Pala, Mohan Kumar +1HealthcareClinical Decision Support

    IIIT-Delhi New Delhi, India · RIT, NY Rochester, New York, US