Clinical Information Extraction

Overview

Clinical information extraction converts free-text notes, radiology and pathology reports, trial documents, and patient narratives into structured entities, attributes, relations, codes, and timelines for cohort search, surveillance, and decision support. Systems range from rules and CRF- or BERT-style sequence taggers to biomedical transformers and prompted or fine-tuned large language models, with retrieval-augmented, ontology-aware, and neural-symbolic pipelines supporting normalization, temporal linking, and validation. Evaluation uses span and entity F1, relation and field accuracy on resources such as MIMIC and radiology-report benchmarks, and increasingly tests evidence grounding, cross-site transfer, multilingual performance, and downstream utility. Large language models handle flexible schemas, but reliability remains uneven across domains and annotation conventions, especially for negation, uncertainty, missing data, and calibration; evidence-linked review and locally deployable models help address these risks.

Latest papers

CardsList

106 papers11 papers in the last four weeks, down 15% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Systematic Evaluation of Large Language Models for Post-Discharge Clinical Action Extraction

    May 7, 2026Shivali Dalmia, Ananya Mantravadi, Prasanna DesikanDocument Information ExtractionClinical Information Extraction

  2. Self-Prompting Small Language Models for Privacy-Sensitive Clinical Information Extraction

    May 5, 2026Yao-Shun Chuang, Tushti Mody, Uday Pratap Singh +6Named Entity RecognitionHealthcare

  3. SHIELD: A Diverse Clinical Note Dataset and Distilled Small Language Models for Enterprise-Scale De-identification

    May 5, 2026Jose D. Posada, David Love, Somalee Datta +1HealthcareClinical Information Extraction

  4. LLM StructCore: Schema-Guided Reasoning Condensation and Deterministic Compilation

    Apr 22, 2026Serhii ZabolotniiHealthcareClinical Information Extraction

  5. Beyond the Basics: Leveraging Large Language Model for Fine-Grained Medical Entity Recognition

    Apr 19, 2026Nwe Ni Win, Jim Basilakis, Steven Thomas +6Named Entity RecognitionHealthcare

  6. Using reasoning LLMs to extract SDOH events from clinical notes

    Apr 15, 2026Ertan Dogan, Kunyu Yu, Yifan PengClinical Information ExtractionLLM Information Extraction

  7. Multi-Task LLM with LoRA Fine-Tuning for Automated Cancer Staging and Biomarker Extraction

    Apr 14, 2026Jiahao Shao, Anam Nawaz Khan, Christopher Brett +3Clinical Information ExtractionMedical LLMs

  8. Specialty-Specific Medical Language Model for Immune-Mediated Diseases

    Apr 12, 2026Veysel Kocaman, Gursev Pirge, Yigit Gul +3Clinical Information ExtractionNamed Entity Recognition

  9. ClinicBot: A Guideline-Grounded Clinical Chatbot with Prioritized Evidence RAG and Verifiable Citations

    Apr 11, 2026Navapat Nananukul, Mayank KejriwalClinical QAEvidence-Grounded Generation

  10. STaR-DRO: Stateful Tsallis Reweighting for Group-Robust Structured Prediction

    Apr 9, 2026Samah Fodeh, Ganesh Puthiaraju, Elyas Irankhah +5Structured PredictionDistributionally Robust Optimization

  11. Curation and Extraction of Drug-Related Entities from Reddit Platform

    Apr 8, 2026Zewei Wang, Zihan Xu, Yishu Wei +2Named Entity RecognitionClinical Information Extraction

  12. FMI@SU ToxHabits: Evaluating LLMs Performance on Toxic Habit Extraction in Spanish Clinical Texts

    Apr 7, 2026Sylvia Vassileva, Ivan Koychev, Svetla BoytchevaClinical Information ExtractionNamed Entity Recognition

  13. A Multi-Stage Validation Framework for Trustworthy Large-scale Clinical Information Extraction using Large Language Models

    Apr 7, 2026Maria Mahbub, Gregory M. Dams, Josh Arnold +9Clinical Information ExtractionClinical Language Model Evaluation

  14. A Semi-Automated Annotation Workflow for Paediatric Histopathology Reports Using Small Language Models

    Apr 5, 2026Avish Vijayaraghavan, Jaskaran Singh Kawatra, Sebin Sabu +11Clinical Information ExtractionClinical NLP

  15. Guideline2Graph: Profile-Aware Multimodal Parsing for Executable Clinical Decision Graphs

    Apr 2, 2026Onur Selim Kilic, Yeti Z. Gurbuz, Cem O. Yaldiz +4Clinical Decision SupportClinical Information Extraction

  16. GS-BrainText: A Multi-Site Brain Imaging Report Dataset from Generation Scotland for Clinical Natural Language Processing Development and Validation

    Mar 27, 2026Beatrice Alex, Claire Grover, Arlene Casey +3Clinical NLPClinical Information Extraction

  17. Retrieval-Augmented Generation Based Nurse Observation Extraction

    Mar 27, 2026Kyomin Hwang, Nojun KwakClinical Information Extraction

  18. Ran Score: a LLM-based Evaluation Score for Radiology Report Generation

    Mar 24, 2026Ran Zhang, Yucong Lin, Zhaoli Su +13Radiology Report EvaluationRadiology Report Generation

  19. TimeTox: An LLM-Based Pipeline for Automated Extraction of Time Toxicity from Clinical Trial Protocols

    Mar 22, 2026Saketh Vinjamuri, Marielle Fis Loperena, Marie C. Spezia +1Clinical Information ExtractionDocument Information Extraction

  20. Can Large Language Models Reliably Extract Physiology Index Values from Coronary Angiography Reports?

    Mar 21, 2026Sofia Morgado, Filipa Valdeira, Niklas Sander +4Clinical Information ExtractionLLM Information Extraction

  21. Deep reflective reasoning in interdependence constrained structured data extraction from clinical notes for digital health

    Mar 20, 2026Jingwei Huang, Kuroush Nezafati, Zhikai Chi +9Clinical Information ExtractionReasoning Consistency in Language Models

  22. A Dataset and Resources for Identifying Patient Health Literacy Information from Clinical Notes

    Mar 19, 2026Madeline Bittner, Dina Demner-Fushman, Yasmeen Shabazz +6Clinical Information ExtractionElectronic Health Records

  23. From Documents to Spans: Span-Centric Learning for LLM-based Explainable Medical Coding

    Mar 16, 2026Xu Zhang, Wenxin Ma, Chenxu Wu +5Automated Medical CodingMedical LLMs

  24. Extracting Breast Cancer Phenotypes from Clinical Notes: Comparing LLMs with Classical Ontology Methods

    Mar 16, 2026Abdullah Bin Faiz, Arbaz Khan Shehzad, Asad Afzal +5Clinical Information ExtractionLLM Information Extraction

  25. LLM-MINE: Large Language Model based Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Phenotypes Mining from Clinical Notes

    Mar 14, 2026Mingchen Shao, Yuzhang Xie, Carl Yang +1Alzheimer's DiseaseClinical Information Extraction