Large Language Model Agents

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Constitutional Arms Races in the Public Goods Game: Co-Evolving LLM Constitutions Under Cooperation-Defection Pressure
May 26, 2026Ujwal Kumar, Arth Singh, Hershraj Niranjani +5Co-Evolution Large Language Model Decision-Making
DiscoverPhysics: Benchmarking LLMs for Out-of-the-Box Scientific Thinking
May 25, 2026Matt L. Wiemann, Lindsay M. Smith, Peter Melchior +4Scientific Discovery Physics-Aware Models
Claw-Anything: Benchmarking Always-On Personal Assistants with Broader Access to User's Digital World
May 25, 2026Yusong Lin, Xinyuan Liang, Haiyang Wang +8Agentic Benchmarks Artificial Intelligence Assistants
When Do LLM Agents Treat Surface Noise Differently from Semantic Noise? A 68-Cell Measurement Study with a Held-Out Trace-Level Validation
May 25, 2026Liyun Zhang, Jiayi GuoLarge Language Model Agents Perturbations
Mitigating Provenance-Role Collapse in Long-Term Agents via Typed Memory Representation
May 25, 2026Zhengda Jin, Bingbing Wang, Jing Li +2Agent Memory Long-Term Memory
When Search Becomes Memory: Turning Robot Design Trials into Transferable Skills
May 25, 2026Yunfei Wang, Xiaohao Xu, Yang Li +1Large Language Model Agents Natural Language Queries
SetupX: Can LLM Agents Learn from Past Failures in Functionality-Correct Code Repository Setup?
May 25, 2026Zihang Zhou, Ziqian Ren, Yukai Wu +7Repository Large Language Model Agents
A Multi-Agent LLM Framework for Rating the Quality of Surgical Feedback
May 25, 2026Rafal Kocielnik, J. Everett Knudsen, Steven Y. Cen +7Feedback Learning Gradient Surgery
A Universal Cliff and a Design Fingerprint: Cross-Section Defect Detection Under LLM Orchestration
May 25, 2026Hiroki FukuiDefect Multi-Agent Large Language Model Systems
HyLaT: Efficient Multi-Agent Communication via Hybrid Latent-Text Protocol
May 25, 2026Xinyi Mou, Siyuan Wang, Zejun Li +2Multi-Agent Large Language Model Multi-Agent Systems
Tool-Call Dependency Structure is Linearly Decodable in LLM Agent Residual Streams
May 25, 2026Tianda Sun, Dimitar KazakovDependency Graph Large Language Model Agents
LipoAgent: Coordinating Fine-Tuned LLM Agents for Safer Lipid Design
May 24, 2026Leshu Li, An Lu, Haiyu Wang +5Llm-Based Agent Large Language Model Agents
GroupTravelBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Multi-Person Travel Planning
May 24, 2026Xiang Cheng, Yulan Hu, Lulu Zheng +4Tour Large Language Model Planning
DarkForest: Less Talk, Higher Accuracy for Multi-Agent LLMs
May 24, 2026Yi Li, Songtao Wei, Dongming Jiang +3Multi-Agent Large Language Model Multi-Agent Large Language Model Systems
LLM Agent Based Renewable Energy Forecasting Using Edge and IoT Data A Review of Solar Wind Weather and Grid Aware Decision Support
May 24, 2026Pavan Manjunath, Thomas PrueferEnergy Forecasting Geomagnetic Storms
Memory-Induced Tool-Drift in LLM Agents
May 24, 2026Mahavir Dabas, Jihyun Jeong, Ming Jin +1Agent Memory Large Language Model Agents
MemMorph: Tool Hijacking in LLM Agents via Memory Poisoning
May 24, 2026Xuanye Zhang, Yongsen Zheng, Zhuqin Xu +5Agent Memory Large Language Model Agents
CoRe-Code: Collaborative Reinforcement Learning for Code Generation
May 24, 2026Zhihao Dou, Qinjian Zhao, Zhongwei Wan +2Code Generation Multi-Agent Large Language Model
Automated Detection and Classification of Delusion-related Content in Naturalistic Audio Diaries Using Multi-Agent Language Models
May 23, 2026Feng Chen, Justin Tauscher, Changye Li +7Depression Detection Multi-Agent Large Language Model
How Many Tools Should an LLM Agent See? A Chance-Corrected Answer
May 23, 2026Vyzantinos Repantis, Ameya Gawde, Harshvardhan Singh +1Large Language Model Agents Tool
IterInject: Indirect Prompt Injection Against LLM Agents via Feedback-Guided Iterative Optimization
May 23, 2026Zixuan Chen, Jiaxiang Chen, Li Luo +4Indirect Prompt Injection Llm-Based Agent
Hypothesis Generation and Inductive Inference in Children and Language Models
May 23, 2026Jeffrey Qin, Wasu Top Piriyakulkij, Zhuangfei Gao +4Inferring Hypothesis Generation
SEAL: Synergistic Co-Evolution of Agents and Learning Environments
May 23, 2026Yihao Hu, Zhihao Wen, Xiujin Liu +3Self-Evolving Agents Large Language Model Agents
Agent-ToM: Learning to Monitor Autonomous LLM Agents via Theory-of-Mind Reasoning
May 22, 2026Nesreen K. Ahmed, Nima NafisiLarge Language Model Agents Agent Framework
When Does Multi-Agent RL Improve LLM Workflows? Workflow, Scale, and Policy-Sharing Tradeoffs
May 22, 2026Yifan Zeng, Yiran Wu, Yaolun Zhang +4Multi-Agent Large Language Model Systems Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
OpenSkillEval: Automatically Auditing the Open Skill Ecosystem for LLM Agents
May 22, 2026Jiahao Ying, Boxian Ai, Wei Tang +2Skillaudit Large Language Model Agents
When the Manual Lies: A Realistic Benchmark to Evaluate MCP Poisoning Attacks for LLM Agents
May 22, 2026Shi Liu, Xuehai Tang, Xikang Yang +4Language Model Evasion Attacks Data Poisoning
Symbolic Reasoning Frameworks Trigger Memory-Mediated Ecosystem Dynamics in Multi-Agent LLM Systems
May 22, 2026Augustin ChanMulti-Agent Large Language Model Systems Strategic Agents
More Skills, Worse Agents? Skill Shadowing Degrades Performance When Expanding Skill Libraries
May 21, 2026Hongwen Song, Song WeiLarge Language Model Agents Strategic Agents
Simulating Hate Speech Cascades with Multi-LLM Agents: Empirical Grounding, Modeling Fidelity, and Intervention Strategies
May 21, 2026Fan HuangHate Content Moderation
PACE: Two-Timescale Self-Evolution for Small Language Model Agents
May 21, 2026Chen Ling, Pei Chen, Albert Guan +4Self-Evolution Large Language Model Agents
MBABench: Evaluating LLM Agents on End-to-End Spreadsheet Tasks in Finance
May 21, 2026Thomson Yen, Julian Poeltl, Harshith Srinivas Gear +9Spreadsheets Workflow Automation and Optimization
Spreadsheet-RL: Advancing Large Language Model Agents on Realistic Spreadsheet Tasks via Reinforcement Learning
May 21, 2026Banghao Chi, Yining Xie, Mingyuan Wu +9Spreadsheets Large Language Model Agents
Agentic CLEAR: Automating Multi-Level Evaluation of LLM Agents
May 21, 2026Asaf Yehudai, Lilach Eden, Michal Shmueli-ScheuerAgentic Evaluations Agentic Systems
Adapting the Interface, Not the Model: Runtime Harness Adaptation for Deterministic LLM Agents
May 21, 2026Tianshi Xu, Huifeng Wen, Meng LiLarge Language Model Agents
IdleSpec: Exploiting Idle Time via Speculative Planning for LLM Agents
May 21, 2026Daewon Choi, Kyunghyun Park, Woomin Song +4Large Language Model Agents Long-Horizon Tasks
Ratchet: A Minimal Hygiene Recipe for Self-Evolving LLM Agents
May 21, 2026Xing Zhang, Yanwei Cui, Guanghui Wang +4Skill Evolution Large Language Model Agents
Blind Spots in the Guard: How Domain-Camouflaged Injection Attacks Evade Detection in Multi-Agent LLM Systems
May 21, 2026Aaditya PaiNovel Dual-Branch Identity Injection Mechanism Indirect Prompt Injection
ACC: Compiling Agent Trajectories for Long-Context Training
May 21, 2026Qisheng Su, Zhen Fang, Shiting Huang +8Efficient Long-Context Inference Large Language Model Agents
Trace2Skill: Verifier-Guided Skill Evolution for Long-Context EDA Agents
May 20, 2026Zijian Du, Nathaniel PinckneyVhdl Electronic Design Automation
Memory-R2: Fair Credit Assignment for Long-Horizon Memory-Augmented LLM Agents
May 20, 2026Sikuan Yan, Ahmed Bahloul, Ercong Nie +4Large Language Model Agents Credit Assignment
SMDD-Bench: Can LLMs Solve Real-World Small Molecule Drug Design Tasks?
May 20, 2026Kevin Han, Renfei Zhang, Kathy Wei +3Drug Design Drug Discovery
Insights Generator: Systematic Corpus-Level Trace Diagnostics for LLM Agents
May 20, 2026Akshay Manglik, Apaar Shanker, Kaustubh Deshpande +6Large Language Model Agents Text Corpora
Causal Past Logic for Runtime Verification of Distributed LLM Agent Workflows
May 20, 2026Benedikt BolligLinear Temporal Logics Runtime Enforcement
MemGym: a Long-Horizon Memory Environment for LLM Agents
May 20, 2026Wujiang Xu, Yu Wang, Kai Mei +8Agent Memory Agentic Benchmarks
An Application-Layer Multi-Modal Covert-Channel Reference Monitor for LLM Agent Egress
May 20, 2026Alfredo MetereLanguage Model Evasion Attacks Leakage
Can Multi-Agent LLMs Identify Their Peers? Stylometric Fingerprinting in Role-Constrained Political Analysis
May 20, 2026Juergen DietrichAnonymization Multi-Agent Large Language Model
AgentAtlas: Beyond Outcome Leaderboards for LLM Agents
May 19, 2026Parsa Mazaheri, Kasra MazaheriLarge Language Model Agents Leaderboard
ZEBRA: Zero-shot Budgeted Resource Allocation for LLM Orchestration
May 19, 2026May Hamri, Inbal Talgam-CohenToken Budgets Multi-Agent Large Language Model Systems
Training Language Agents to Learn from Experience
May 19, 2026Yuval Shalev, Zifeng Ding, Mateja JamnikMultilingual Agents Agentic Reinforcement-Learning Framework
Latent Cache Flow: Model-to-Model Communication Without Text
May 19, 2026Maximillian Rossi, Prajwal Raghunath, Eugene WuLarge Language Model Agents Communication
A Methodology for Selecting and Composing Runtime Architecture Patterns for Production LLM Agents
May 19, 2026Vasundra SrinivasanLarge Language Model Agents Deterministic
Rethinking How to Remember: Beyond Atomic Facts in Lifelong LLM Agent Memory
May 19, 2026Jingwei Sun, Jianing Zhu, Jiangchao Yao +2Large Language Model Agents
PEEK: Context Map as an Orientation Cache for Long-Context LLM Agents
May 19, 2026Zhuohan Gu, Qizheng Zhang, Omar Khattab +1Large Language Model Agents Cache
LLM Agents Make Collective Belief Dynamics Programmable: Challenges and Research Directions
May 19, 2026Xin He, Junxi Shen, Yuchen Mou +4Belief Large Language Model Agents
Prior Knowledge or Search? A Study of LLM Agents in Hardware-Aware Code Optimization
May 19, 2026Dmitry Redko, Albert Fazlyev, Konstantin Sozykin +3Code Optimization Cuda
Formal Skill: Programmable Runtime Skills for Efficient and Accurate LLM Agents
May 19, 2026Xi Zhang, Meijun Gao, Yuntian Zhao +6Large Language Model Agents Large Reasoning Models
A novel YOLO26-MoE optimized by an LLM agent for insulator fault detection considering UAV images
May 19, 2026João Pedro Matos-Carvalho, Laio Oriel Seman, Stefano Frizzo Stefenon +2Yolo26 Aerial Imagery
APS: Bias-Controlled Adaptive Prototype Simulation for Population-Scale LLM Agents
May 19, 2026Quan Zheng, Yan Gao, Shaobin He +6User Simulation Large Language Model Agents
Agentic Trading: When LLM Agents Meet Financial Markets
May 19, 2026Yihan Xia, Panpan You, Taotao Wang +4Large Language Model Agents Evaluation Protocols

May 26, 2026 · cs.MAJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Constitutional Arms Races in the Public Goods Game: Co-Evolving LLM Constitutions Under Cooperation-Defection Pressure

Ujwal Kumar, Arth Singh, Hershraj Niranjani, Machiko Hirota+4

Shibaura Institute of Technology · NIT Agartala · UC Berkeley · University of Pennsylvania · The University of Tokyo

Frontier LLM agents engage in blackmail, sabotage, and document leaks under goal conflicts in agentic settings, exposing limitations of alignment methods built around single-agent or cooperative assumptions. Recent work shows LLM-guided evolutionary search can discover effective cooperative constitutions, but two properties of the adversarial setting remain uncharacterized: whether the fitness function actually induces adversarial pressure, and whether the LLM mutation operator behaves reliably under adversarial-specialist objectives. We study adversarial constitutional co-evolution (Blue cooperators vs. Red free-riders, 30 generations) across a Public Goods Game (PGG) and a spatial grid-world. Three findings: (1) in the PGG, both factions converge to a near-parity equilibrium at S approximately 0.78, robust across tested multipliers m in {1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0}; (2) in independently scored environments, per-faction scoring leaves outcomes statistically uncoupled, with corr(S_B, S_R) = +0.088, and produces no adversarial pressure; a score-advantage fitness target S_own - S_opp restores it; (3) under pure-adversary fitness, evaluation seed count K controls mode regression: K = 2 regresses, while K = 5 sustains a strong specialist for all 30 generations. Adversarial co-evolution of natural-language constitutions is feasible, but only under coupled fitness and adequate evaluation budget; the evolved Red constitutions serve as interpretable red-team artifacts for testing future cooperative designs.

Co-Evolution Large Language Model Decision-Making Large Language Model Agents Physical Activities

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