Large Language Model Agents

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Large Language Model Agents

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Constraint Decay: The Fragility of LLM Agents in Backend Code Generation
May 7, 2026Francesco Dente, Dario Satriani, Paolo PapottiCode Generation Large Language Model Agents
Stop Comparing LLM Agents Without Disclosing the Harness
May 7, 2026Yunbei Zhang, Janet Wang, Yingqiang Ge +3Agent Harness Large Language Model Agents
From Agent Loops to Deterministic Graphs: Execution Lineage for Reproducible AI-Native Work
May 7, 2026Josh Rosen, Seth RosenAgent Loop Multi-Agent Large Language Model Systems
A Self-Healing Framework for Reliable LLM-Based Autonomous Agents
May 7, 2026Cheonsu Jeong, Younggun ShinLlm-Based Agent Software
When Routine Chats Turn Toxic: Unintended Long-Term State Poisoning in Personalized Agents
May 7, 2026Xiaoyu Xu, Minxin Du, Qipeng Xie +3Personalized Large Language Model Agents Poisoning
VibeServe: Can AI Agents Build Bespoke LLM Serving Systems?
May 7, 2026Keisuke Kamahori, Shihang Li, Simon Peter +1Large Language Model Serving Large Language Model Agents
Multi-agent decision making: A Blackwell's informativeness approach
May 7, 2026Zheng Zhang, Cuong C. Nguyen, Kevin Wells +1Multi-Agent Large Language Model Multi-Agent Systems
LoopTrap: Termination Poisoning Attacks on LLM Agents
May 7, 2026Huiyu Xu, Zhibo Wang, Wenhui Zhang +4Large Language Model Agents Red-Teaming
SkillRet: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Skill Retrieval in LLM Agents
May 7, 2026Ryangkyung Kang, Hongcheol Cho, Youngeun KimAgentic Retrieval Large Language Model Agents
Detecting Time Series Anomalies Like an Expert: A Multi-Agent LLM Framework with Specialized Analyzers
May 7, 2026Hyeongwon Kang, Jeongseob Kim, Jinwoo Park +1Time-Series Anomaly Detection Anomaly Detection
More Is Not Always Better: Cross-Component Interference in LLM Agent Scaffolding
May 7, 2026Ming LiuLarge Language Model Agents Interference
SafeHarbor: Hierarchical Memory-Augmented Guardrail for LLM Agent Safety
May 7, 2026Zhe Liu, Zonghao Ying, Wenxin Zhang +5Large Language Model Safety Large Language Model Agents
Retrieval-Conditioned Topology Selection with Provable Budget Conservation for Multi-Agent Code Generation
May 7, 2026Abhijit Talluri, Pujith Anne, Bhagavan Choudary Pendiyala +1Code Generation Multi-Agent Large Language Model Systems
From History to State: Constant-Context Skill Learning for LLM Agents
May 6, 2026Haoyang Xie, Xinyuan Wang, Yancheng Wang +2Large Language Model Agents Agentic Reinforcement-Learning Framework
SODE: Analyzing Social Dynamics in LLM Agents
May 6, 2026Inseo Jung, Yoonseok Oh, Kyungryul Back +2Behavioral Alignment Social Reasoning
QKVShare: Quantized KV-Cache Handoff for Multi-Agent On-Device LLMs
May 5, 2026Pratik Honavar, Tejpratap GVSLKey-Value Cache Quantization LLM Inference Efficiency
Evaluating Generative Models as Interactive Emergent Representations of Human-Like Collaborative Behavior
May 5, 2026Shinas Shaji, Teena Chakkalayil Hassan, Sebastian Houben +1Human-Ai Collaboration Human-Robot Collaboration
CASCADE: Case-Based Continual Adaptation for Large Language Models During Deployment
May 5, 2026Siyuan Guo, Yali Du, Hechang Chen +2Large Language Model Agents Efficient Continual Learning
Multi-Agent Strategic Games with LLMs
May 5, 2026Maxim ChupilkinGame Theory Multi-Agent Large Language Model
SkCC: Portable and Secure Skill Compilation for Cross-Framework LLM Agents
May 5, 2026Yipeng Ouyang, Yi Xiao, Yuhao Gu +1Agent Skill Ecosystems Large Language Model Agents
LLM-ADAM: A Generalizable LLM Agent Framework for Pre-Print Anomaly Detection in Additive Manufacturing
May 5, 2026Ahmadreza Eslaminia, Chuhan Cai, Cameron Smith +5Additive Manufacturing Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection
MemFlow: Intent-Driven Memory Orchestration for Small Language Model Agents
May 5, 2026Jiayi Chen, Yingcong Li, Guiling WangLarge Language Model Agents Large Language Model Baselines
Coordination as an Architectural Layer for LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems
May 5, 2026Maksym Nechepurenko, Pavel ShuvalovMulti-Agent Large Language Model Systems Multi-Agent Systems
Safeguarding LLM Agents against Long-Horizon Threats via Shadow Memory
May 4, 2026Yuhui Wang, Tanqiu Jiang, Jiacheng Liang +2Agent Memory Large Language Model Agents
Stable Agentic Control: Tool-Mediated LLM Architecture for Autonomous Cyber Defense
May 4, 2026Kerri Prinos, Lilianne Brush, Cameron Denton +5Agentic Control Defense Strategies
When Stress Becomes Signal: Detecting Antifragility-Compatible Regimes in Multi-Agent LLM Systems
May 4, 2026Jose Manuel de la Chica, Juan Manuel Vera, Jairo RodríguezMulti-Agent Large Language Model Systems Stress Testing
SOTOPIA-TOM: Evaluating Privacy and Information Management in Multi-Agent Interaction with Theory of Mind
May 4, 2026Yashwanth YS, Ruichen Wang, Shihua Zeng +4Multi-Agent Systems Large Language Model Agents
EngiAgent: Fully Connected Coordination of LLM Agents for Solving Open-ended Engineering Problems with Feasible Solutions
May 4, 2026Xiyuan Zhou, Ruixi Zou, Xinlei Wang +4Engineering Feasibility
Towards Understanding Specification Gaming in Reasoning Models
May 4, 2026Kei Nishimura-Gasparian, Robert McCarthy, David LindnerLarge Reasoning Models Agentic Reasoning
PhysicianBench: Evaluating LLM Agents in Real-World EHR Environments
May 4, 2026Ruoqi Liu, Imran Q. Mohiuddin, Austin J. Schoeffler +10Real-World Clinical Workflows Electronic Health Records
ANNEAL: Adapting LLM Agents via Governed Symbolic Patch Learning
May 4, 2026Safayat Bin Hakim, Keyan Guo, Wenkai Tan +3Neuro-Symbolic Framework Large Language Model Agents
When Alignment Isn't Enough: Response-Path Attacks on LLM Agents
May 4, 2026Mingyu Luo, Zihan Zhang, Zesen Liu +7Language Model Evasion Attacks Large Language Model Agents
12 Angry AI Agents: Evaluating Multi-Agent LLM Decision-Making Through Cinematic Jury Deliberation
May 3, 2026Ahmet Bahaddin ErsozDeliberation Large Language Model Decision-Making
Reward Hacking Benchmark: Measuring Exploits in LLM Agents with Tool Use
May 3, 2026Kunvar ThamanAgentic Benchmarks Large Language Model Agents
TeamTR: Trust-Region Fine-Tuning for Multi-Agent LLM Coordination
May 1, 2026Yi Xie, Siao Liu, Falong Fan +3Multi-Agent Large Language Model Multi-Agent Large Language Model Systems
A Low-Latency Fraud Detection Layer for Detecting Adversarial Interaction Patterns in LLM-Powered Agents
May 1, 2026Sheldon Yu, Yingcheng Sun, Hanqing Guo +1Language Model Evasion Attacks Llm-Based Agent
Generating Statistical Charts with Validation-Driven LLM Workflows
May 1, 2026Pavlin G. Poličar, Andraž Pevcin, Blaž ZupanChart Reasoning Graphs
Safeguarding LLM Agents from Misalignment through Provenance Analysis
May 1, 2026Yining She, Yiliang Liang, Eunsuk KangProvenance Large Language Model Agents
Semia: Auditing Agent Skills via Constraint-Guided Representation Synthesis
May 1, 2026Hongbo Wen, Ying Li, Hanzhi Liu +4Llm-Based Agent Algorithm Auditing
Are Tools All We Need? Unveiling the Tool-Use Tax in LLM Agents
Apr 30, 2026Kaituo Zhang, Zhen Xiong, Mingyu Zhong +4Multi-Turn Tool-Use Agent Large Language Model Agents
Stable Behavior, Limited Variation: Persona Validity in LLM Agents for Urban Sentiment Perception
Apr 30, 2026Neemias B da Silva, Rodrigo Minetto, Daniel Silver +1Persona Large Language Model Agents
Exploring LLM Agent Designs and Interaction Modalities for Scientific Visualization
Apr 30, 2026Jackson Vonderhorst, Kuangshi Ai, Haichao Miao +2Visual Analytics Large Language Model Agents
Modeling Clinical Concern Trajectories in Language Model Agents
Apr 30, 2026Sukesh Subaharan, Venkatesan VS, Murugadasan P +3Escalation Large Language Model Agents
ObjectGraph: From Document Injection to Knowledge Traversal -- A Native File Format for the Agentic Era
Apr 30, 2026Mohit Dubey, Open GiganticLarge Language Model Agents Graph Representations
TADI: Tool-Augmented Drilling Intelligence via Agentic LLM Orchestration over Heterogeneous Wellsite Data
Apr 30, 2026Rong LuDrilling Data Data Lakes
Self-Evolving Software Agents
Apr 29, 2026Marco Robol, Paolo GiorginiSelf-Evolving Agents Llm-Based Agent
Web2BigTable: A Bi-Level Multi-Agent LLM System for Internet-Scale Information Search and Extraction
Apr 29, 2026Yuxuan Huang, Yihang Chen, Zhiyuan He +6Agentic Search Multi-Agent Large Language Model Systems
Enhancing Linux Privilege Escalation Attack Capabilities of Local LLM Agents
Apr 29, 2026Benjamin Probst, Andreas Happe, Jürgen CitoPenetration Testing Language Model Evasion Attacks
Bian Que: An Agentic Framework with Flexible Skill Arrangement for Online System Operations
Apr 29, 2026Bochao Liu, Zhipeng Qian, Yang Zhao +10Large Language Model Agents Root Cause Analysis
The Cost of Consensus: Isolated Self-Correction Prevails Over Unguided Homogeneous Multi-Agent Debate
Apr 29, 2026Blaž Bertalanič, Carolina FortunaMulti-Agent Debate Debate
Autonomous LLM Agents & CTFs: A Second Look
Apr 29, 2026Youness Bouchari, Matteo Boffa, Marco Mellia +3Language Model Evasion Attacks Large Language Model Agents
When Continual Learning Moves to Memory: A Study of Experience Reuse in LLM Agents
Apr 29, 2026Qisheng Hu, Quanyu Long, Wenya WangContinual Learning Methods Large Language Model Agents
FlowBot: Inducing LLM Workflows with Bilevel Optimization and Textual Gradients
Apr 29, 2026Hongyeon Yu, Young-Bum Kim, Yoon KimAgentic Workflows Llm-Based Agent
SWE-Edit: Rethinking Code Editing for Efficient SWE-Agent
Apr 28, 2026Yikai Zhang, Jiaxin Pei, Kenan Li +9Swe-Bench Verified Coding Agents
Operating-Layer Controls for Onchain Language-Model Agents Under Real Capital
Apr 28, 2026T. J. Barton, Chris Constantakis, Patti Hauseman +4Large Language Model Agents Validity
Cutscene Agent: An LLM Agent Framework for Automated 3D Cutscene Generation
Apr 28, 2026Lanshan He, Haozhou Pang, Qi Gan +12Workflow Generation Llm-Generated Stories
FAMA: Failure-Aware Meta-Agentic Framework for Open-Source LLMs in Interactive Tool Use Environments
Apr 28, 2026Amir Saeidi, Venkatesh Mishra, Souradeep Mukhopadhyay +4Llm-Based Agent Large Language
Latent Agents: A Post-Training Procedure for Internalized Multi-Agent Debate
Apr 27, 2026John Seon Keun Yi, Aaron Mueller, Dokyun LeeMulti-Agent Debate Multi-Agent Large Language Model
DPEPO: Diverse Parallel Exploration Policy Optimization for LLM-based Agents
Apr 27, 2026Junshuo Zhang, Chengrui Huang, Feng Guo +6Llm-Based Agent
GraphPlanner: Graph Memory-Augmented Agentic Routing for Multi-Agent LLMs
Apr 26, 2026Tao Feng, Haozhen Zhang, Zijie Lei +2Multi-Agent Large Language Model Hierarchical Graph Memory

May 7, 2026 · cs.SEJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Constraint Decay: The Fragility of LLM Agents in Backend Code Generation

Francesco Dente, Dario Satriani, Paolo Papotti

EURECOM, France · University of Basilicata, Italy

Large Language Model (LLM) agents demonstrate strong performance in autonomous code generation under loose specifications. However, production-grade software requires strict adherence to structural constraints, such as architectural patterns, databases, and object-relational mappings. Existing benchmarks often overlook these non-functional requirements, rewarding functionally correct but structurally arbitrary solutions. We present a systematic study evaluating how well agents handle structural constraints in multi-file backend generation. By fixing a unified API contract across 80 greenfield generation tasks and 20 feature-implementation tasks spanning eight web frameworks, we isolate the effect of structural complexity using a dual evaluation with end-to-end behavioral tests and static verifiers. Our findings reveal a phenomenon of constraint decay: as structural requirements accumulate, agent performance exhibits a substantial decline. Capable configurations lose 30 points on average in assertion pass rates from baseline to fully specified tasks, while some weaker configurations approach zero. Framework sensitivity analysis exposes significant performance disparities: agents succeed in minimal, explicit frameworks (e.g., Flask) but perform substantially worse on average in convention-heavy environments (e.g., FastAPI, Django). Finally, error analysis identifies data-layer defects (e.g., incorrect query composition and ORM runtime violations) as the leading root causes. This work highlights that jointly satisfying functional and structural requirements remains a key open challenge for coding agents.

Code Generation Large Language Model Agents Structural Constraints Fragility

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