Large Language Model Reasoning

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Targeted Tests for LLM Reasoning: An Audit-Constrained Protocol
May 12, 2026Hongmin LiAlgorithm Auditing Reasoning Benchmark
Taming Extreme Tokens: Covariance-Aware GRPO with Gaussian-Kernel Advantage Reweighting
May 12, 2026Cheng Wang, Qin Liu, Wenxuan Zhou +1Group Relative Policy Optimization Reasoning Benchmark
Selective Off-Policy Reference Tuning with Plan Guidance
May 12, 2026Duc Anh Le, Tien-Phat Nguyen, Thien Huu Nguyen +2Verifiable Rewards Off-Policy Evaluation
Drop the Act: Probe-Filtered RL for Faithful Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
May 12, 2026Swapnil Parekh, Naman GoyalChain-of-Thought Reasoning Explanation Faithfulness
Breaking $\textit{Winner-Takes-All}$ : Cooperative Policy Optimization Improves Diverse LLM Reasoning
May 12, 2026Haoxuan Chen, Tianming Liang, Wei-Shi Zheng +1Large Language Model Reasoning Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward
Adaptive Teacher Exposure for Self-Distillation in LLM Reasoning
May 12, 2026Zihao Han, Tiangang Zhang, Huaibin Wang +1Unsupervised On-Policy Self-Distillation On-Policy Distillation
Latent Chain-of-Thought Improves Structured-Data Transformers
May 11, 2026Carson Dudley, Samet OymakTransformer Architectures Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
ClinicalBench: Stress-Testing Assertion-Aware Retrieval for Cross-Admission Clinical QA on MIMIC-IV
May 11, 2026Alex StinardClinical Reasoning Diagnostic Benchmark
Reasoning Is Not Free: Robust Adaptive Cost-Efficient Routing for LLM-as-a-Judge
May 11, 2026Wenbo Zhang, Lijinghua Zhang, Liner Xiang +1Large Language Model Reasoning Judges
The Last Word Often Wins: A Format Confound in Chain-of-Thought Corruption Studies
May 11, 2026Gabriel GarciaChain-of-Thought Reasoning Correctness
Can You Keep a Secret? Involuntary Information Leakage in Language Model Writing
May 11, 2026Ari Holtzman, Peter WestData Leakage Leakage
RadThinking: A Dataset for Longitudinal Clinical Reasoning in Radiology
May 11, 2026Wenxuan Li, Pedro R. A. S. Bassi, Xinze Zhou +3Medical Visual Question Answering Clinical Reasoning
The Bystander Effect in Multi-Agent Reasoning: Quantifying Cognitive Loafing in Collaborative Interactions
May 11, 2026Dahlia Shehata, Ming LiMulti-Agent Reasoning Multi-Agent Systems
Deep Arguing
May 11, 2026Adam Gould, Francesca ToniDeep Learning Abstract Argumentation
Can Language Models Analyze Data? Evaluating Large Language Models for Question Answering over Datasets
May 11, 2026Andreas Xenofontos, Pavlos FafaliosTable Reasoning Datasets
Not All Proofs Are Equal: Evaluating LLM Proof Quality Beyond Correctness
May 11, 2026Ivo Petrov, Jasper Dekoninck, Dimitar I. Dimitrov +1Mathematical Reasoning Proof
EGL-SCA: Structural Credit Assignment for Co-Evolving Instructions and Tools in Graph Reasoning Agents
May 11, 2026Zike Yuan, Yukun Cao, Han Zhang +7Reasoning Graphs Agentic Reasoning
TMAS: Scaling Test-Time Compute via Multi-Agent Synergy
May 11, 2026George Wu, Nan Jing, Qing Yi +7Test-Time Scaling Test Time
Breaking the Reward Barrier: Accelerating Tree-of-Thought Reasoning via Speculative Exploration
May 11, 2026Shuzhang Zhong, Haochen Huang, Shengxuan Qiu +3Large Language Model Reasoning Tree-Of-Thoughts
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May 11, 2026Artyom Gadetsky, Maxim Kodryan, Siba Smarak Panigrahi +2Reliable Medical Process-Level Reward Model Evaluation Framework Large Language Model Reasoning
FormalRewardBench: A Benchmark for Formal Theorem Proving Reward Models
May 11, 2026Zeynel A. Uluşan, Burak S. Akbudak, Can S. Erer +1Theorem Reasoning Benchmark
FERA: Uncertainty-Aware Federated Reasoning for Large Language Models
May 11, 2026Ruhan Wang, Chengkai Huang, Zhiyong Wang +6Large Language Model Reasoning Reasoning Benchmark
The Granularity Mismatch in Agent Security: Argument-Level Provenance Solves Enforcement and Isolates the LLM Reasoning Bottleneck
May 11, 2026Linfeng Fan, Ziwei Li, Yuan Tian +3Untrusted Input Security
PruneTIR: Inference-Time Tool Call Pruning for Effective yet Efficient Tool-Integrated Reasoning
May 11, 2026Luan Zhang, Dandan Song, Zhijing Wu +8Large Language Model Reasoning Fewer Tool-Call Errors
TeleResilienceBench: Quantifying Resilience for LLM Reasoning in Telecommunications
May 11, 2026Pranshav Gajjar, Emmanuel Ojo, Vijay K ShahLarge Language Model Reasoning Resilience
Separate First, Fuse Later: Mitigating Cross-Modal Interference in Audio-Visual LLMs Reasoning with Modality-Specific Chain-of-Thought
May 11, 2026Xuanchen Li, Yuheng Lu, Chenrui Cui +6Audio-Visual Reasoning Cross-Modal Learning
EgoMemReason: A Memory-Driven Reasoning Benchmark for Long-Horizon Egocentric Video Understanding
May 11, 2026Ziyang Wang, Yue Zhang, Shoubin Yu +6Multimodal Memory Video Understanding
Exploration-Driven Optimization for Test-Time Large Language Model Reasoning
May 11, 2026Changhao Li, Yuchen Zhuang, Chenxiao Gao +4Large Language Model Reasoning Reasoning Benchmark
LEAD: Length-Efficient Adaptive and Dynamic Reasoning for Large Language Models
May 10, 2026Songtao Wei, Yi Li, Zhikai Li +7Large Reasoning Models Efficient Inference
Distilling 3D Spatial Reasoning into a Lightweight Vision-Language Model with CoT
May 10, 2026Alaa Asfour, Christopher Indris, Leihan Chen +23D Spatial Reasoning Spatial Reasoning
Absurd World: A Simple Yet Powerful Method to Absurdify the Real-world for Probing LLM Reasoning Capabilities
May 10, 2026Ryan Albright, Golam Md Muktadir, Zarif Ikram +3Large Language Model Reasoning Real-World
Statistical Scouting Finds Debate-Safe but Not Debate-Useful Cases: A Matched-Ceiling Study of Open-Weight LLM Reasoning Protocols
May 10, 2026Julia Hu, Alfred Shen, Kumar LakshmipathiDebate Multi-Agent Debate
Efficient LLM Reasoning via Variational Posterior Guidance with Efficiency Awareness
May 10, 2026Zizhao Chen, Yuying Li, Siting Lin +1Efficient Inference Large Language Model Reasoning
Crosslingual On-Policy Self-Distillation for Multilingual Reasoning
May 10, 2026Yihong Liu, Raoyuan Zhao, Michael A. Hedderich +1Multilingual Reasoning Large Language Model Reasoning
TIDE-Bench: Task-Aware and Diagnostic Evaluation of Tool-Integrated Reasoning
May 10, 2026Yize Li, Junzhi Li, Jason Song +3Evaluation Benchmarks Reasoning Benchmark
Hidden Error Awareness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: The Signal Is Diagnostic, Not Causal
May 10, 2026Aojie Yuan, Zhiyuan Julian Su, Haiyue Zhang +2Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Reasoning Errors
Not All Thoughts Need HBM: Semantics-Aware Memory Hierarchy for LLM Reasoning
May 10, 2026Aojie Yuan, Tianqi Shen, Dajun ZhangLarge Language Model Reasoning Key-Value Cache
Explainable Knowledge Tracing via Probabilistic Embeddings and Pattern-based Reasoning
May 10, 2026Siyu Wu, Cong Xu, Wei ZhangPer-Competency Bayesian Knowledge Tracing Reasoning Traces
RuPLaR : Efficient Latent Compression of LLM Reasoning Chains with Rule-Based Priors From Multi-Step to One-Step
May 10, 2026Xiaocheng Luo, Kang Wang, Zaifu Zhan +2Large Language Model Reasoning Latent Reasoning Tokens
Repeated-Token Counting Reveals a Dissociation Between Representations and Outputs
May 10, 2026Sohan VenkateshLarge Language Model Performance Counting
Do LLMs Experience an Internal Polylogue? Investigating Reasoning through the Lens of Personas
May 9, 2026Nils A. Herrmann, Leander Girrbach, Kirill Bykov +1Large Language Model Reasoning Model Activations
Beyond Thinking: Imagining in 360 $^\circ$ for Humanoid Visual Search
May 9, 2026Jingdong Zhang, Yizhou Wang, Zhengzhong Tu +3Multimodal Search Agents Imagination
CauSim: Scaling Causal Reasoning with Increasingly Complex Causal Simulators
May 9, 2026Nicolás Astorga, Anita Kriz, Mihaela van der SchaarLarge Language Model Reasoning Causal Reasoning
Soohak: A Mathematician-Curated Benchmark for Evaluating Research-level Math Capabilities of LLMs
May 9, 2026Guijin Son, Seungone Kim, Catherine Arnett +73Olympiad-Level Problem Reasoning Benchmark
Relative Kinetic Utility for Reasoning-Aware Structural Pruning in Large Language Models
May 9, 2026Tianhao QianHeterogeneous Pruning Scores Large Models
Latency Analysis and Optimization of Alpamayo 1 via Efficient Trajectory Generation
May 9, 2026Yunseong Jeon, Namcheol Lee, Yoonsu Lee +4Reasoning Trajectory Inference Latency
Self-ReSET: Learning to Self-Recover from Unsafe Reasoning Trajectories
May 9, 2026Dongcheng Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yuxin Chen +3Reasoning Trajectory Counterfactual Learning
Internalizing Safety Understanding in Large Reasoning Models via Verification
May 9, 2026Yi Zhang, Yuxin Chen, Leheng Sheng +4Large Reasoning Models Reasoning Trajectory
Forge: Quality-Aware Reinforcement Learning for NP-Hard Optimization in LLMs
May 9, 2026Xiaozhe Li, Xinyu Fang, Shengyuan Ding +5Reasoning Benchmark Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward
OTora: A Unified Red Teaming Framework for Reasoning-Level Denial-of-Service in LLM Agents
May 9, 2026Xinyu Li, Ronghui Mu, Lin Li +2Language Model Evasion Attacks Large Language Model Reasoning
Where Larger Models Excel: The Primacy of Constraint-Guided Reasoning
May 9, 2026Guan-Yi Lin, Hen-Hsen HuangReasoning Benchmark Large Behavior Model
When Agents Overtrust Environmental Evidence: An Extensible Agentic Framework for Benchmarking Evidence-Grounding Defects in LLM Agents
May 9, 2026Strick Sheng, Ziyue Wang, Liyi ZhouAgentic Benchmarks Large Language Model Agents
Reasoning Compression with Mixed-Policy Distillation
May 9, 2026Han Yang, Mingyan Wu, Bailan He +4Large Language Model Reasoning On-Policy Distillation
AgentPSO: Evolving Agent Reasoning Skill via Multi-agent Particle Swarm Optimization
May 9, 2026Hyunmin Hwang, Jaemin Kim, Choonghan Kim +2Multi-Agent Reasoning Reasoning Benchmark
Hint Tuning: Less Data Makes Better Reasoners
May 9, 2026Siqi Fan, Minghao Li, Xiaoqian Ma +6Large Reasoning Models Recursive Reasoner
What Will Happen Next: Large Models-Driven Deduction for Emergency Instances
May 9, 2026Zhengqing Hu, Dong Chen, Junkun Yuan +6Emergency Evacuations Llm-Driven
MathConstraint: Automated Generation of Verified Combinatorial Reasoning Instances for LLMs
May 8, 2026Viresh Pati, Zhengyu Li, Piyush Jha +3Reasoning Benchmark Combinations
Mid-Training with Self-Generated Data Improves Reinforcement Learning in Language Models
May 8, 2026Aswin RRV, Jacob Dineen, Divij Handa +4Large Language Model Reasoning Problem Solving Capability
AIPO: Learning to Reason from Active Interaction
May 8, 2026Junnan Liu, Linhao Luo, Thuy-Trang Vu +1Large Language Model Reasoning Agentic Reasoning
Sanity Checks for Long-Form Hallucination Detection
May 8, 2026Geigh Zollicoffer, Minh Vu, Hongli Zhan +2Robust Hallucination Detection Reasoning Traces

May 12, 2026 · cs.LGJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Targeted Tests for LLM Reasoning: An Audit-Constrained Protocol

Hongmin Li

School of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Science Tokyo · Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo

Fixed reasoning benchmarks evaluate canonical prompts, but semantically valid changes in presentation can still change model behavior. Studies of prompt variation can reveal such failures, but without audit they can mix genuine model errors with invalid perturbations, extraction artifacts, and unmatched search procedures. We propose an audit-constrained protocol for targeted reasoning evaluation. Prompt variants are generated from a finite component grammar, rendered deterministically, evaluated under a fixed query budget, and counted as model errors only after semantic and extraction audit. Within this protocol we instantiate Component-Adaptive Prompt Sampling (CAPS), a score-based sampler over prompt components, and compare it with equal-budget uniform component sampling under the same task bank, renderer, model interface, decoding settings, and audit procedure. Across three audited slices, the protocol identifies confirmed model-error prompt keys while excluding formatting and extraction artifacts, but matched comparisons do not show that CAPS improves audited yield or unique prompt-key discovery over uniform sampling. The contribution is methodological: targeted prompt variation can be studied under a reconstructable, reviewable, budget-matched protocol, and proxy-guided policies should be judged by audited yield rather than raw mismatch counts or selected examples alone.

Algorithm Auditing Reasoning Benchmark Large Language Model Reasoning Context-Free Grammars

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